UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM This information is important...

UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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FEMALE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEMSYSTEM

This information is important because it will This information is important because it will raise your level of awareness and raise your level of awareness and

understanding about your physical body. It is understanding about your physical body. It is imperative that you learn the changes you imperative that you learn the changes you can expect to experience from menarche to can expect to experience from menarche to

menopause as you live with your female menopause as you live with your female reproductive systemreproductive system


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EXTERNAL GENTILIAEXTERNAL GENTILIA• The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly

visible

– The vulva includes:

• Mons pubis• Labia majora• Labia minora• Clitoris• Urethral opening• Vaginal opening• Perineum


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MONS PUBISMONS PUBIS• The triangular mound of fatty tissue that

covers the pubic bone• It protects the pubic symphysis• During adolescence sex hormones trigger

the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis


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External organsExternal organsLabia Majora

Referred to as the outer lips– They have a darker pigmentation– Protect the vaginal and urethral openings

• Labia Manora– Referred to as the “inner lips”– Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and

swells during sexual arousal


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CLITORISCLITORIS

• Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue

• It is made up of a shaft and a glans • Becomes engorged with blood during sexual

stimulation• Urethral opening is located directly below

clitoris


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VAGINAL OPENINGVAGINAL OPENINGINTROITUSINTROITUS

• Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the hymen


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PERINEUMPERINEUM

• The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings

• An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum used during childbirth for widening the vaginal opening


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INTERNAL GENITALIAINTERNAL GENITALIA• The internal genitalia consists of the:

– Vagina– Cervix– Uterus– Fallopian Tubes– Ovaries


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VAGINAVAGINA• The vagina connects the cervix to

the external genitals• It is located between the bladder and

rectum• It functions :

– As a passageway for the menstrual flow– For uterine secretions to pass down

through the opening– As the birth canal during labor


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CERVIXCERVIX• The cervix connects the uterus to the

vagina• The cervical opening to the vagina is small• This acts as a safety precaution against

foreign bodies entering the uterus• During childbirth, the cervix dilates to

accommodate the passage of the fetus• This dilation is a sign that labor has begun


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UTERUSUTERUS• Commonly referred to as the womb• A pear shaped organ about the size of a clenched

fist• It is made up of the endometrium, myometrium

and perimetrium• Consists of blood-enriched tissue that sloughs off

each month during menstrual cycle• The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to

accommodate a growing fetus and push it through the birth canal


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FALLOPIAN TUBESFALLOPIAN TUBES• Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the

uterus• Are the site of fertilization by the male

sperm• Often referred to as the oviducts or uterine

tubes• Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10

days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining


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OVARIESOVARIES• The female gonads or sex glands • They develop and expel an ovum each month• A woman is born with approximately 400,000

immature eggs called follicles• During a lifetime a woman release @ 400 to 500

fully matured eggs for fertilization• The follicles in the ovaries produce the female

sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen

• These hormones prepare the uterus for

implantation of the fertilized egg


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BREASTSBREASTS• Contain mammary glands• Consist of connective tissue that serves as

support• Each breast contain 15-25 clusters called

lobes• Breasts may exhibit cyclical changes,

including increased swelling and tenderness prior to menstruation

• Women should complete self-examinations to change for changes or lumps


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MENSTRUATIONMENSTRUATION• The onset of

menstruation signals the bodily changes that transform a female body

• Average age is 12.8• Amount of bleeding

varies from woman to woman

• Expulsion of blood clots

• Usually occurs every 25 to 32 days (cycle)

• Women can experience fluid retention, cramping, mood swings, weight gain, breast tenderness, diarrhea, and constipation


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Problems related to Problems related to MenstruationMenstruation

• PMS – pre menstrual syndrome – Caused by hormonal changes– 2 weeks before menstruation– Symptoms include

• Tension• Anxiety• Irritability• Bloating• Depression• Mood swings


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DYSMENORRHEA/Menstrual DYSMENORRHEA/Menstrual CrampsCramps

• Painful menstrual cramps• Painful menses without evidence of a

physical abnormality• Believed to be normal body response to

uterine contractions• Other symptoms :• Nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal

disturbances, and fainting• Prostaglandins cause forceful, frequent

uterine contractions called cramps


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Toxic Shock SyndromeToxic Shock Syndrome• TSS – rare but serious bacterial infection• Affects immune system and liver; can be

fatal• Symptoms include:

– Fever– Vomiting– Diarrhea– Sunburn like rash– Dizziness– Muscle aches


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Problems related to Problems related to infertilityinfertility

• Pelvic inflammatory disease PID– Infection of fallopian tubes, ovaries and

surrounding areas of pelvis– Damages reproductive organs– Usually caused by STD’s


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ENDOMETRIOSISENDOMETRIOSIS• Common cause of dysmennorrhea,

and infertility• Endometrium fragments and lodges

in other parts of the pelvic cavity• Causes inflammation, bleeding, and

scarring• Causes are still being studied• Treated through hormonal therapy,

or major surgical management


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Other Reproductive Other Reproductive DisordersDisorders

• Vaginitis – bacterial infection– Most common in childbearing age– Symptoms:

• Discharge• Odor• Pain • Itching• Burning

– If not treated can become PID


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• Blocked Fallopian tube – Leading cause of infertility – Resulting from

• PID• Abdominal surgery• STD’s• Endometriosis


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• Cervical, Uterine, ovarian Cancer- – Early sexual activity and STD’s are related to an

increase incidence of cervical cancer– Regular check ups and exams are important for early

detection

• Ovarian cyst- fluid filled sacks on the ovary– Appear on their own– Larger cyst may require surgery– Small and non cancerous

UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM This information is important...

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