unit 3 cpm

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT

Safety and Quality Control

UNIT 3- SAFETY AND QUALITY CONTROL

• Importance of safety

• Causes of accidents

• Safety Measures

• Responsibility for safety

• Safety benefits to various parties

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

What is Safety?

Safety is

The

Control of recognized hazards

To

Attain an acceptable level of risk



Importance of Safety

• Wide range of construction activities involving complex techniques have led to many new problems in safety.

• Proper steps should be taken to improve safety on construction sites so that: • Loss of limb and life, and

• Damage from avoidable accidents is prevented.



Importance of Safety

Primary objectives of safety programme are:

• Safety of Personnel (measured in terms of) • To reduce the human lives sacrificed. • To lessen temporary and permanent injuries to workers.

• Safety of materials and equipments • To avoid loss or spoilage of materials • To avoid damage of equipments.

• Safety of structure • To provide minimum cost of construction and structure. • Ensuring good quality of output and better rate of construction.

• Management considerations • To eliminate costs of workmen’s compensation insurance • To avoid loss of time due to accidents • To get greater margin of profit due to minimum cost of construction, operation. • To generate the confidence and trust of employees



Causes of Accidents

Causes of Accidents

Technical Causes

(unsafe conditions)

Mechanical Factors

Environmental Factors

Human Causes (unsafe acts)

Personal Factors

Management factors



Mechanical Factors:

• Unsafe mechanical design or construction.

• Hazardous arrangements (piling, overloading)

• Improper Machine Guarding

• Defective devices

• Improper safety guards

• Protruding nails

• Leaking acid valve

Causes of Accidents



Environmental Factors

• Very low temperatures which causes shivering

• Very high temperatures which causes headache and sweating

• Very high humidity causing uncomfort, fatigue and drowsiness

• Defective and inadequate illumination which causes eyestrain, glare, shadow, etc

• Presence of dust, fumes, smoke, toxic, lack of ventilation.

• Noise, bad odor, flash emanating from nearby machinery, equipment or processes.

• Poor housekeeping.

Causes of Accidents



Personal Factors:

• Age and health

• Home environment

• Number of dependents and financial position

• Lack of knowledge and skill

• Improper attitude towards work

• Carelessness and recklessness

• Daydreaming and unattentiveness

• Emotional unstability (eg- jealousy, revengefulness,etc.)

• High anxiety level

• Fatigue

• No use or improper use of safety devices.

Causes of Accidents



Management Factors:

• Non availability of safety accessories to the workers

• Lack of safety instructions and training and communication gap.

• Rapid change in character of work.

• Award of contract to incompetent persons.

Causes of Accidents



SAFETY MEASURES Storage and Handling, Excavation, Scaffolding, Fabrication,



Safety measures – Storage and handling of building materials • Cement

• Cement bags should be placed in stacks on raised platform, dry and impervious

• 30cm clearance from any wall • Stacks should not be more than 12 bags high.

• Lime • Should be stored in a protective shed to protect it from

dampness. • Should not be stacked against any wall. • Storage of unslaked or semihydraulic lime is not

desirable as it deteriorates by absorption of moisture from atmosphere.



Safety measures – Storage and handling of building materials • Masonry Units

• Should be stacked on level ground in not more than 1.5m in height.

• Bricks of different types and classification should be stacked separately.

• Aggregate • Fine aggregates should be stacked on hard surface or a

platform in such a way to prevent admixture of clay, dust, vegetable and other foreign matter



Safety measures for Excavation

• An experienced and competent foreman or supervisor should look after the excavation work.

• Before starting the excavation, a complete knowledge of underground structures ( sewers, water pipelines, gas mains) is essential to prevent accidents.

• In case of excavations exceeding 2m in depth, the trenches should be properly shored and timbered.

• Excavated material should be kept away from the edge of the trench in order to provide a clear berm width of not less than 1/3rd the final depth of excavation.

• Fences or barricades should be erected.

For detailed precautions, reference can be made to IS: 5916-1970



Safety measures for Scaffolding

• Every scaffolding should be securely supported or suspended and properly strutted and braced to ensure stability.

• All scaffolds and working platforms should be securely fastened to the building or structure.

• Proper care should be taken care during dismantling of scaffolds.

For detailed precautions, reference can be made to IS: 3696 (Part II)-1966



Safety measures in Fabrication and Erection • All equipments such as gas cutting and welding

sets, drills, power hacksaws should be checked periodically to ensure their safe working.

• Moving parts of all equipments should be provided with safety guards.

• Rubber pipelines for oxygen and acetylene gas should be regularly checked for leakage or damage.

• Power cables should be properly insulated.

• All workers should wear suitable gloves and use proper welding screens.



Who is responsible for safety??

• Safety responsibility begins with who has the ability to create, control or correct a hazard.

• Construction site safety responsibilities must consider the impact of OSHA (occupational safety and health administration).

• OSHA provides in essence that liability shall attach to the three C’s (those who create, control and/or correct) a hazard.



OSHA provides that the following “employers” shall be cited for any OSHA violation:

• The employer who actually creates the hazard

• The employer who is responsible, by contract or through actual practice, for safety and health conditions on the worksite

• The employer who has the responsibility for actually correcting the hazard



Safety Benefits - Workers

• Preservation of life and health of workers to be of utmost priority.

• Providing safety training to workers gives information of emergency procedures and exit routes, etc.

• By ensuring workers are healthy, productivity on site is maintained and sick leave is kept on a minimum.



Safety Benefits - Employers

• There is little up-front cost to the owner for implementing and maintaining the safety programs.

• To avoid the high cost losses caused by injuries, contractors are required to implement various safety programs.

• if the contractor has a great workers’ compensation safety record, the firm is • more efficient in reducing risks, • more profitable, • has more on-time completion of contracts, • less rework and is in effect, • actively working to reduce the construction risks to the

owner of the procedures.



unit 3 cpm

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