Unit 3Unit 3Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes!Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes!

1. ECOLOGY

● study of organisms and their __________with their environmentrelationship

2. COMPETITION

two species ____ for a limited resource

resources include: food, water, shelter, and space

fight

3. PREDATOR

● An organism that lives by ________on other organismspreying

4. ADAPTATION

anything that helps an organism survive AND __________

can be a physical trait or a behavior

reproduce

5. EXTINCTION

when ____ members of species die Example: _____________________

__________________________________________________________

ALL

many plants and insects

Cuban spider monkey, blue pike (a fish), Passenger pigeons,

The Peppered MothThe Peppered Moth

6. MUTATION

a change in the ____ making up a gene (accidental and random!)

produces a new trait new trait may or may not be beneficial

to an organism

DNA

7. CHARLES DARWIN

• visited __________ Island• proposed the Theory of Natural

Selection (below)

Galapagos

8. NATURAL SELECTION

a process which takes a long time Individual organisms that are better

adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more _____________ than less well adapted individuals.

successfully

8. NATURAL SELECTION

Example: Finches (birds) on the Galapagos Islands. When there were many large seeds, birds with larger beaks survived and reproduced more than those with smaller beaks

Sometimes called “__________ of the fittest”

survival

Video QuestionsVideo Questions

1. How did genetic mutations play a role in the fur color of the pocket mouse?

2. How did Natural Selection work to change the percentages of light and dark colored mice?

3. After scientists decoded the genes of the mice, what was something surprising that they noticed across a variety of dark colored mice?

9. INVASIVE SPECIES

a species that is _____ native to the area

competes with native species many times has no natural predator in

the new area

NOT

10. SYMBIOSIS

a close relationship between species that benefits at least one of the species. There are three forms.

mutualism both species benefit

(_____)

• commensalism one species benefits; the other is neither helped nor harmed (_____)

• parasitism one species lives on or inside another species and harms it (_____)

physical traits that help organisms survive and reproduce• protective coloration – coloring ______ into the environment (_______________)

11. PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS

blendscamouflage

• beak design – different beak shapes are suited for different __________ types (e.g. insects, nectar, etc.)

food

• seed dispersal – seed design allows it to ________ to new locations (e.g. “helicopter” seeds; floating seeds, etc.)

travel

• pollination – mixes up genes (pollen with egg) creating ___________ in organisms

diversity

• diurnal – physical characteristics suited for ___________ activitiesdaytime

• nocturnal – physical characteristics suited

for ___________ activities

nighttime

• endothermic – animal maintains a ___________ body temperature despite changes in the temperature of the environment (“warm-blooded”) – birds & mammals

constant

• ectothermic – animal maintains body temperature by getting ______ from its environment (“cold-blooded”) – all animals except birds & mammals

heat

12. BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS• hibernation – animals become inactive in winter (metabolism slows to conserve energy during long periods of _____ temp and _____ food supply)

lowlow

• estivation – animals become inactive in summer (metabolism slows to conserve energy during long periods of _____ temp and _____ water supply)

highlow

• migration – seasonal movement of animals. Purposes of migration include: to stay _____, mate, find _____, give ______, and so on.

warm foodbirth

• dormancy – plants enter a resting or __________ stage. No new growth appears. Many trees go dormant.

inactive