Enzymes and Metabolism Biochemistry – Part One Microbiology.
UNIT 3: BIOCHEMISTRY/ENZYMES Miss Sabia8A. Essential Question How do organic and inorganic compounds...
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Transcript of UNIT 3: BIOCHEMISTRY/ENZYMES Miss Sabia8A. Essential Question How do organic and inorganic compounds...
First things first…• Element: a pure substance that
consists entirely of one type of atom• Compound: chemical substance
formed by the combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
• For example, H2O is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
First things first• A chemical formula tells us the
type of elements that are in a compound and the ratio in which those atoms combine
• Glucose, C6H12O6
Some quality bonding time…
• Hydrogen Bonds: weak bonds of attraction between the partially charged H atom and another partially charged atom– Between water molecules
Some quality bonding time…
Ionic Bonds• Electron transfer due
to electrical attraction between ions
• Form cations (+) and anions (-)
Covalent Bonds• Electron sharing• Can be polar (unequal
sharing) or nonpolar (equal sharing)
Electronegativity: “greediness” for electrons; attraction of an atom for electrons in a covalent bond
Why is carbon so special?
• Think of carbon as the jack-of-all-trades
• Has potential to form many kinds and combinations of bonds with many different atoms—able to form 4 covalent bonds
Carbs
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid
Proteins-Amino Acid
Protein
Activity• You will make a placemat about the 4
types of carbon molecules. Include:• 1. a picture of a food that contains each
type of molecule (you may not be able to find one for nucleic acids, which is fine).
• 2. For each molecule, include a description, as well as a drawing of what the actual carbon molecule looks like.
• 3. Your placemats will be laminated and ready for you to use!
How do we get these macromolecules?
• When we eat, large organic food molecules such as proteins and starches must initially be broken down to enter cells
• Proteins amino acids• Starches simple sugars• These nutrients can now enter the
cell and be used as building blocks of compounds needed for life
Reactions• Dehydration synthesis: joining
molecules together, results in loss of water
• Hydrolysis: breakdown of polymers through the addition of water
A closer look at Proteins
• SHAPE DETERMINES FUNCTION!!!!!!• 4 levels of protein structure– 1. primary– 2. secondary– 3. tertiary– 4. quaternary
Tertiary Structure• Irregular contortions from
interactions between side chains (aka R groups)
• This involves…– Hydrogen bonding– Ionic bonding– Hydrophobic interactions
Denaturation• A poor environment may result in
denaturation (breaking of a protein)– Cooking an egg– Getting a fever
It all comes down to amino acids
•What do you think happens if you change the sequence of amino acids?