Unit 3: Biochemistry & Plants. Atoms & Elements c) Atom Structure Nucleus = Protons & Neutrons...
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Transcript of Unit 3: Biochemistry & Plants. Atoms & Elements c) Atom Structure Nucleus = Protons & Neutrons...
![Page 1: Unit 3: Biochemistry & Plants. Atoms & Elements c) Atom Structure Nucleus = Protons & Neutrons Outside of Nucleus = Electrons An element is a substance.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102900/5517bb9d550346892b8b480d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 3: Biochemistry & Plants
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Atoms & Elements
c) Atom Structure• Nucleus = Protons & Neutrons • Outside of Nucleus = Electrons
• An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means. An element is made of 1 type of Atom!
• A compound consists of 2 or more elements that have been chemically combined.
• All Organic compounds contain the element Carbon. Compounds that do NOT contain Carbon are called Inorganic compounds.
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The mass number will change if the number of neutrons changes (called an Isotope).
The atomic number does NOT change.
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Lose Electron = Positively Charged Ion
IONS
Gain Electron = Negatively Charged Ion
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Chemical BondsChemical Bonds are formed
because of ELECTRONS.
Covalent bonds SHARE electrons & are very STRONG.
Ionic bonds TRANSFER electrons & are WEAKER because they form IONS.
Hydrogen bonds are formed because of electrical CHARGES instead of
electrons. They are very WEAK.
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IsotopesIsotopes have
different numbers of NEUTRONS but the same number
of PROTONS so the atomic MASS
is different.
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pH is the measurement of ACIDITY because it measures the concentration of H+ ions in
the solution. The “lower” the pH, the higher
the concentration is of H+ so the substance is a stronger ACID. The “higher” the pH, the lower
the concentration is of H+ so the substance is a stronger BASE. At a pH of 7, the concentration of H+ and OH- ions is EQUAL,
so the pH is NEUTRAL. 0-6 = Acid 7 = Neutral 8-14 = Base
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DECREASE by pH by 1 (make more ACIDIC)= multiply the number of H+ ions by 10
(move decimal to right) and divide the number of OH- ions by 10
(move decimal to left).(do the opposite for increasing the pH)
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Compounds that contain Carbon are
called ORGANIC
Compounds that do NOT contain Carbon
are called INORGANIC
POLYMERS
are made of
MONOMERS
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Compounds that contain Carbon are
called ORGANIC
Compounds that do NOT contain Carbon
are called INORGANIC
POLYMERS
are made of
MONOMERS
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Muscle
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Saturated Fatty Acids ONLY have Single Bonds between the Carbons.Unsaturated have at least 1 double bond.
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Monosaccharides = Simple Sugars (glucose & fructose)
Disaccharides = 2 simple sugars joined together (sucrose & lactose)
Polysaccharides = Starches; many simple sugars joined together
Plant Starch = CelluloseAnimal Starch = Glycogen
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Properties of WaterPolarity = one side of the molecule is SLIGHTLY POSITIVE and the other side is SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE.
H2O = The 2H are Positive
and O is Negative BECAUSE the electrons are NOT shared equally!
Polarity creates ALL of the other properties of water!
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PROPERTIES OF WATER• Cohesion & Adhesion happen because of
POLARITY.• Adhesion is when water molecules adhere (stick)
to OTHER SUBSTANCES• Cohesion is when water molecules adhere (stick)
to OTHER WATER MOLECULES• Cohesion & Adhesion both create SURFACE
TENSION. They also contribute to CAPILLARY ACTION (allows water to CLIMB) AND IONIZATION (which contributes to water being the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT).
• Pure water has a NEUTRAL pH because there is the SAME concentration of H+ ions as OH- ions.
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Properties of Water Surface Tension
Capillary Action
Cohesion POLARITY!!!!
Adhesion & Universal Solvent
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Transpiration = Evaporation of Water From the Leaves of Plants
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TRANSPIRATION
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Transpiration & Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis happens in the LEAVES of PLANTS
Transpiration carries water to the leaves so that
Photosynthesis can happen.
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Photosynthesis
1)
2)3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light C6H12O6 + 6O2
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R
Flower StructureFlowers are the
Reproductive Organs of plants.
The Stamen contains the “male” gametes
(pollen). The Pistil contains the
“female” gametes (ovum)
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Leaf StructureMost Chloroplasts are in the leaves SO most
of the Glucose & Oxygen are made in
the leaves.