Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties
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Transcript of Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties
Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Objectives
Match important physical and chemical properties to their effects on the chemical and container
Identify the difference between exposure and contamination
Determine the appropriate DOT class of the product
Unit 2.2 2
Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program
Physical/Chemical Properties
PhysicalStatePhase changesVapor pressureSpecific gravityVapor densitySolubility
ChemicalFlammabilityReactivityToxicityRadioactivity
Unit 2.2 3
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Common Info Sources
North American Emergency Response Guide Book (NAERG)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Unit 2.2 4
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Material Safety Data Sheets
Nine basic sections Various designs Some of better quality
Unit 2.2 5
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Exposure Limits
Unit 2.2 8
Duration (hrs)
Amount
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TWA
STEL
Ceiling
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Vapor Pressure
Unit 2.2 11
Atmospheric Pressure14.7 p.s.i. or 760 mm/Hg
Low Vapor Pressure High Vapor Pressure
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Specific Gravity
Unit 2.2 12
Specific Gravitygreater than 1
Water = 1
Water = 1
Specific Gravityless than 1
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Physical Properties (cont.)
Vapor densityComparison of the weight of a vapor to that of
air being assigned the value of 1 Solubility/miscibility
The ability of a substance (solute) to blend uniformly with another (solvent)
Solubility applied to a solid in liquidMiscibility applied to a liquid or gas in a liquid
Unit 2.2 13
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Spill Types
Physical properties determine spill types
Unit 2.2 14
Air (A) Water (W) Surface (SF) Sub-Surface (SSF)
Gas (G)
Liquid (L)
Solid (S)
G/A
L/W L/SF L/SSF
S/SF
Most Common Types(Transformation must be considered)
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The Fire Triangle
Unit 2.2 16
HEAT(Energy)
FUEL(Reducing Agent)
OXYGEN(Oxidizer)
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Flash Point
“The temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off vapors sufficient to form an ignitable mixture near the surface…” (NFPA)
Remember, volatility is a product of vapor pressure
Unit 2.2 17
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Flammable Range
Unit 2.2 18
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
RangeLean Rich
L.E.L. U.E.L.
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Examples of Flammable Range
Unit 2.2 19
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Acetylene 2.5 - 100 %0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Propane 2.2 - 9.5 %
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Other Flammable Hazards
Ignition temperature Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor
Explosions (BLEVE) Boil-over
Heavy fuelsWater in the bottom of the storage tankThermocline development during fire
Unit 2.2 20
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Other Flammable Hazards
Pyrophoric Hydrophoric Flammable solids
Unit 2.2 21
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Health Hazards
Routes of exposure Local vs. systemic effects Dose response relationship Influences of toxicity
Unit 2.2 23
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pH and Corrosives
Unit 2.2 25
ACIDBASE
(ALKALINE)
0 7 142 12.5
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Reactions
Rate of reactionsQuantity, concentration, temperature and
pressure Explosives
Fuel, oxidizer, energy, pressure Incompatibilities
Unit 2.2 26
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EPA Table of Incompatibilities
Unit 2 - 27
A B
1
2
3
4
5
Acids Bases (Alkaline)
Metals Corrosives
Group 1/Hydrophoric
Reducers Oxidizers
Cyanides/SulfidesAcids
Alcohol/Water
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Spill, Leak and Fire Control
Unit 2.2 29
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Personal Protective Equipment
Unit 2.2 30
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Special Information
Special handling Special packaging Disposal procedures Environmental information
Unit 2.2 31
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Radioactive Hazards
Ionizing radiation Common sources
Natural IndustrialMedicalAgriculturalSpecial nuclear materials
Unit 2.2 32
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Types of Ionizing Radiation
Alpha particle Beta particle Gamma emission X-ray Neutron particles
Unit 2.2 33
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Radiological Exposure
Standard unit of measure REM (Radiation Equivalence in Man)Sv (Seivert) internationally
1 Sv = 100 REM
1 REM = 1,000 mREM (milli REM)1 mREM = 1,000 REM (micro REM)
Unit 2.2 34
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Exposure Limits
Dose vs. dose rate Total dose = dose rate x duration Action levels
Normal background = 8 to 16 R/hr All actions = 5 REM (5,000 mREM) Valuable/critical property = 10 REM (10,000 mREM) Life saving = 25 REM (25,000 mREM) Any greater exposure must be voluntary TD(low) 100 REM, LD(50) 500 REM
Unit 2.2 35
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Hazard Classes and Divisions
1 Explosives1.1 - Mass detonation
1.2 - Projectile
1.3 - Fire hazard
1.4 - No blast hazard
1.5 - Blasting agent
1.6 - Very insensitive
2 Gases2.1 - Flammable
2.2 - Non-flammable
2.3 - Poisonous
3 Flammable liquid3.1 - Flash point over 140 °F
3.2 - Flash point less than 140 °F
4 Flammable solids4.1 - Flammable solid
4.2 - Spontaneous/pyrophoric
4.3 - Dangerous when wet
5 Oxidizers5.1 - Oxidizers
5.2 - Organic peroxides
Unit 2.2 37
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Hazard Classes and Divisions
6 Poisons6.1 - Poisons
6.2 - Infectious substances
7 Radioactive
8 Corrosives
9 Miscellaneous
Unit 2.2 38
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Summary
Physical properties Chemical properties Common references
NAERGNIOSH Pocket GuideMSDS
Unit 2.2 39