Supply,Demand, and the Market Process Chapter 3. 1. Consumer Choice and the Law of Demand.
Unit 2: Supply, Demand, and Consumer Choice
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Transcript of Unit 2: Supply, Demand, and Consumer Choice
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Unit 2: Supply, Demand, and Consumer Choice
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VERY IMPORTANT COW!
2
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Demand Review1. What are the two key aspects of the definition of demand?2. What is the Law of Demand?3. Give an example of the substitution effect4. Give an example of the income effect5. Give an example of the law of diminishing marginal utility6. Explain how the law of diminishing marginal utility causes
the law of demand7. How do you determine the MARKET demand for a
particular good? (from reading)8. Name 10 fast food places
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Shifts in DemandCHANGES IN DEMAND • Ceteris paribus-“all other things held constant.”• When the ceteris paribus assumption is dropped,
movement no longer occurs along the demand curve. Rather, the entire demand curve shifts.
• A shift means that at the same prices, more people are willing and able to purchase that good.
This is a change in demand, not a change in quantity demanded
4
Changes in price
DON’T shift
the curve!
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
5
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10
$4 20
$3 30
$2 50
$1 80Demand
What if cereal
makes you smarter?
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
6
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10
$4 20
$3 30
$2 50
$1 80Demand
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
7
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10
$4 20
$3 30
$2 50
$1 80Demand
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
8
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10 30
$4 20 40
$3 30 50
$2 50 70
$1 80 100Demand
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
9
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10 30
$4 20 40
$3 30 50
$2 50 70
$1 80 100Demand
D2
Increase in DemandPrices didn’t change but
people want MORE cereal
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
10
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10
$4 20
$3 30
$2 50
$1 80
What if cereal
causes baldness?
Demand
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
11
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10
$4 20
$3 30
$2 50
$1 80
Demand
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
12
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10
$4 20
$3 30
$2 50
$1 80
Demand
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
13
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10 0
$4 20 5
$3 30 20
$2 50 30
$1 80 60
Demand
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
14
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10 0
$4 20 5
$3 30 20
$2 50 30
$1 80 60
DemandD2
Decrease in DemandPrices didn’t change but people want LESS cereal
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Change in Demand
Qo
$5
4
3
2
1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
Demand Schedule
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
15
PriceQuantity
Demanded
$5 10
$4 20
$3 30
$2 50
$1 80
What if the price
of MILK goes up?
Demand
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What Causes a Shift in Demand?
5 Shifters (Determinates) of Demand:
1.Tastes and Preferences2.Number of Consumers3.Price of Related Goods4.Income5.Future Expectations
Changes in PRICE don’t shift the curve. It only causes movement along the curve.
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Prices of Related Goods
2. Complements are two goods that are bought and used together. – If the price of one increase, the demand for the
other will fall. (or vice versa)– Ex: If price of skis falls, demand for ski boots will...
1. Substitutes are goods used in place of one another. – If the price of one increases, the demand for the
other will increase (or vice versa)– Ex: If price of Pepsi falls, demand for coke will…
The demand curve for one good can be affected by a change in the price of ANOTHER related good.
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Substitutes
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Substitutes
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Substitutes
20
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Substitutes
21
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Substitutes
22
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Substitutes
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Substitutes
24
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Complements
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Income
2. Inferior Goods – As income increases, demand falls– As income falls, demand increases– Ex: Top Romen, used cars, used cloths,
1. Normal Goods – As income increases, demand increases– As income falls, demand falls– Ex: Luxury cars, Sea Food, jewelry, homes
The incomes of consumer change the demand, but how depends on the type of good.
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Inferior Goods
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P
Q Cerealo
$3
$2
D1
Price of Cereal
Quantity of Cereal
10 20
Change in Qd vs. Change in Demand
A C
B
There are two ways to increase quantity from 10 to 20
D2
1. A to B is a change in quantity demand (due to a change in price)
2. A to C is a change in demand (shift in the curve)
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PracticeFirst, identify the determinant (shifter) then
decide if demand will increase or decrease
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ShifterIncrease or Decrease
Left or Right
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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Practice
Hamburgers (a normal good)1. Population boom 2. Incomes fall due to recession3. Price for Carne Asada burritos falls to $1 4. Price increases to $5 for hamburgers5. New health craze- “No ground beef”6. Hamburger restaurants announce that they will significantly increase prices NEXT month 7. Government heavily taxes shake and fries causes their prices to quadruple.8. Restaurants lower price of burgers to $.50
First identify the determinant (Shifter). Then decide if demand will increase or decrease
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