Unit 2: Pregnancy & Birth

Chapter 3: Prenatal DevelopmentChapter 4: Preparing for BirthChapter 5: The Baby’s Arrival

Chapter 3: Prenatal Development

• Objectives:– To help you:• Name the 3 stages of pregnancy and describe the

prenatal development in each• Describe how personal characteristics are inherited• Explain how multiple births occur• Discuss possible solutions for infertility• Discuss the causes of birth defects and how they can be

diagnosed and prevented• Explain why teen pregnancies are considered high risk

What does Prenatal mean??

• Prenatal: refers to the period before ______– _____weeks– Single cell develops into a human being

The Forty-Week Miracle

• Begins at _____________• Continues into 3 stages:– The ________– The __________– The __________

Conception

• Ovum: female cell or _______– Released one time each month– Released by the __________

Conception

• Ovum: female cell or egg– Released one time each month– Released by the ovaries– Moves through the __________ ___________

Conception

• Ovum: female cell or egg– Released one time each month– Released by the ovaries– Moves through the fallopian tubes• Enters the ________, or ________• Takes about 2-3 days• Where __________________ takes place

Conception

• When the egg reaches the uterus, it usually disintegrates and is flushed away – ______________________

• If the egg meets a __________and is fertilized– Sperm: __________________

• If this occurs- _______________ takes place• Beginning of ________________

Period of the Ovum

• Lasts about 2 weeks• The fertilized egg attaches itself to the ______

of the uterus & begins to grow• The lining thickens with _______________

blood– It cannot be shed therefore menstruation does

not occur

The Ovum

• Ovum begins to grow through _____________• Single cell divides into 24so on• Each cell is _____________ to become a

different type– Skin, bones, brain, blood cells, etc.

• Remarkable growth during 2 weeks – Ovum is still only size of _______________

Period of the Embryo

• Increasing cluster of cells• Lasts about ______ weeks• Growing ___________• Firmly attached to the uterus

Embryo & Placenta

• By the end of this stage, the connecting tissue between embryo and uterus develop into– ____________ provides nourishment & oxygen for

the baby– Carried by the _____________________• Filled with blood & rigid… not likely to tangle until birth

Amniotic Fluid

• Embryo is surrounded by a bag of ______ called– Amniotic fluid– Acts as a ___________ to protect the baby

Period of the Fetus

• Begins around ___________of pregnancy and lasts until birth

• Beginning to be more recognizable • Arms, legs, fingers, and toes are developing• _________ features and internal organs are

present– Not are all ______________

First movements

• 4th-5th month– Fetus’ movements and kicks begin to touch the

______ of the uterus• _____________• Gradually become stronger and more frequent• “__________________”• Helps Dr. estimate the fetal age/ birth date

– ________________ is now audible

Continued Growth

• Surrounding fluid is _____ as fetus _______• Amniotic fluid fills only the _____________• Less space for baby to move– _____________

Getting Ready for Birth

• 7 months and on..– ________________ are ready to sustain life– Gains weight– ______ deposits are added under the skin– Storing nutrients, building ________________

Abilities

• The unborn baby can:– Suck it’s thumb– Cough– Sneeze– Yawn– Hiccup– Cry

Weight Shift

• During the 9th month: baby’s weight shifts unexpectedly– “_______________” occurs• Baby has dropped into the _________________• Birth is not far off• Sometimes occurs just before _____________• Could be mistaken for cramping from ______________

Positioning

• Baby is most likely ____________________– Head nestled in __________– Easiest & ________ for birth– Baby is less active– fills most of the space

The Mother

• Skin & _________muscles stretch to capacity• Muscles of the uterus and abdomen are

capable of being increased up to ____ times their original size

• Return close to normal within a _______ after birth