Unit 2 Colorful Lands, Colorful People

A.Vocabulary

peninsula

半岛 altitude

海拔trench

沟

Greenland 格陵兰岛 An island of Denmark in the northern Atla

ntic Ocean off northeast Canada. It is the largest island in the world and lies mostly within the Arctic Circle. Inhabited by Inuit peoples as early as 3000 B.C., it was discovered by the Norwegian navigator Eric the Red in the tenth century A.D., became a Danish colony in 1815, and was granted home rule in 1979.

The Sahara Desert: a vast desert of northern Africa extending east from the Atlantic coast to the Nile Valley and south from the Atlas Mountains to the region of the Sudan.

Lake Superior 苏必利尔湖

The largest and westernmost of the Great Lakes, between the north-central United States and southern Ontario, Canada.

Mt. Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰

Baykal 贝加尔湖A lake of south-central Russia. Over 636 km long (394 mi), it is the largest freshwater lake in Eurasia and the world's deepest lake, with a maximum known depth of 1,742.2 m (5,712 ft).

The Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean, just east of the 14 Mariana Islands near Japan.  

It is the deepest part of the earth's oceans, and the deepest location of the earth itself. 

the Nile 尼罗河The longest river in the world, flowing about 6,677 km through eastern Africa. The river has been used for irrigation in Egypt since at least 4000 B.C., a function now regulated largely by the Aswan High Dam

Key to Ex. A 1. 16,998,000 2. 64,186,300 3. 840,000 4. 1,000,000 5. 3,320,000 6. 143,244 7. 32,483

8. 2,966,000 9. 5,105,700 10. 29,028 11. -1,312 12. 5,315 13. 36,198

14. 4,145

Task B Training focus: Figures and numbers census Official counting of a country’s population

for statistical purpose. 人口统计，人口调查

estimate calculate roughly the cost, size, value, etc. of sth. rank position in a scale of responsibility, quality, social st

atus, etc. federation union of states in which individual states retain contr

ol of many internal matters but in which foreign affai

rs, defense, etc. are the responsibility of the Central government.

联邦

statistics 1. Collection of information shown in num

bers 统计数字 2. Science of collecting , classifying and an

alyzing such information. 统计学

. Indonesia A republic in southeastern Asia

achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945;

the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions.

Jakarta, on Java, is the capital and the largest city.

印尼共和国，首都 Jakarta

Pakistan A country of southern Asia 巴基斯坦，亚洲共和国之一，首都 Islamabad Bangladesh A country of southern Asia. Dhaka is the capital and the lar

gest city. 孟加拉共和国（原东巴基斯坦，于 1971 年独立），首

都 Dacca Nigeria A country of western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea. 尼日利亚 ( 西非国家 , 位于几内亚湾沿岸，原为英国属

地，于 1960 年 10 月 1 日宣布独立），首都 Lagos 拉各斯。

1,243,738,000 955,220,000

267,901,000 199,867,000

159,884,000 147,105,000

138,150,000 125,638,000

122,013,000 118,369,000

96,400,000 82,071,000

Bengali 孟加拉语 Hindi 北印度语 Portuguese 葡萄牙语

Javanese 爪哇语 Korean 韩语 Vietnamese 越南语

Telugu 泰卢因语（印度南部） Marathi 马拉地语（印度语族） Tamil 坦米尔语（南印度） Urdu 印度斯坦回教徒所通用的一种语言 Gujarati 古吉拉特语（印度西部）

Ukrainian 乌克兰语 Polish 波兰语 Arabic 阿拉伯语 Turkish 土耳其语

Chinese 1,300 million Spanish 332 million English 322 million 189 million 182 million 170 million Russian 170 million Japanese 125 million German 98 million 75.5 million Korean 75million French 72 million

Vietnamese 67 million 66 million 64 million 63 million Turkish 59 million 58 million 44 million Polish 44 million Arabic 42.5 million 41 million

Part II The World’s Six Billionth Inhabitant

The World’s Population New research shows that Earth will have more than 9000

million people by 2050. The world population is currently estimated at 6.4

thousand million. Click the website: http://www.ibiblio.org/lunarbin/worldpop What do you think contributes to the rapid increase of the

world population? If we do not control the world population, what will

happen? How will it affect our life in the future?

Instructions You will listen to a news report on the

world’s six billionth inhabitant. Now familiarize yourself with the vocabulary.

Bosnia-Herzegovina A country of the northwest Balkan Peninsula. It was a constituent republic of Yugoslavia from 1

946 to 1991, when it declared its independence. In 1992 the country erupted in war among Serb,

Croat, and Muslim factions. A peace agreement was reached in November 199

5 by Balkan leaders in Dayton, Ohio, which called for the creation of two substates, a Muslim-Croat federation to govern one half of the country and a Bosnian Serb republic to constitute the other half, united under a newly created national presidency, assembly, court, and central bank.

波斯尼亚 - 黑塞哥维那（南斯拉夫成员共和国 )

overnight 1. During or for the night 在晚上 2. Suddenly or quickly 瞬间的， inhabitant A person who lives in a particular place 居民 deliver To take things to people’s houses or places

of work 发送，传送

symbolize be a symbol of 象征，作为 象征 ecological relating to ecology or the environment: The destruction of the rain forests is an eco

logical disaster that threatens the future of life on Earth

acclaim to give public approval and praise: 向 ... 欢呼 ; 为 ... 喝彩 ; 称赞 Critics acclaimed the new play. 批评家们盛赞这出新戏 She is being acclaimed (= publicly recogn

ized) as the greatest dancer of her generation.

momentum the force that keeps an object moving or ke

eps an event developing after it has started: The truck gained momentum as it rolled do

wn the steep road. 卡车沿着陡峭的道路往下开时 , 冲力愈来愈大。

气势 , 冲力 a campaign that gained momentum 势头增大的一场运动

impact a powerful effect that something has on a situati

on or person: The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quit

e an impact on young people. 影响 ; 作用 (+on) The book made a great impact on its readers. 这本书对读者有很大的影响。

demographer: a person who studies changes in numb

ers of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in an area over a period of time

人口学家 predict To tell something before it happens 预告

count To say or name the numbers in order, one by

one or by groups （按顺序）点，数 level off If a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or

falling and stays at the same level: House prices now seem to be levelling off aft

er the steep rises of the last few years. Unemployment rose to 10% and then levelle

d off. 发展或增长稳定

agency a business that makes its money esp. by arranging fo

r people to meet others or to learn about the products of others.

代办处 , 经销处 , 代理机构 Our company has agencies in major cities of the cou

ntry. 我公司在国内主要城市都设有代理机构 a government organization: 专业行政机构 , 局 , 署 , 处 , 社 the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局

Kosovo

科索沃 Sarajevo 萨拉热窝

Now you listen to the report and answer the questions by filling in the missing words.

1. A baby boy 2. social, ecological, populations, 3. longer, healthier

Key to Task B The boy will be sharing a birthday with a

few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.

(2.--c)

The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.

(1--b)

Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.

(3--a)

Part III Features of the earth Key to Task A Water, 70%, red or brown, plant cover, sno

w, continents, islands; Arms of the ocean, connecting, channel; Valleys, plains

B The Biggest Cities in the World.

Pre-listening Can you name some of the biggest cities in

the world?

Vocabulary

complex difficult to understand or explain 复杂的，难以理解的 It was a complex problem. 这是一个复杂的问题

enormous very large indeed 巨大的，庞大的 an enormous car/house He earns an enormous salary

mere nothing more than (a) 仅仅的， 只不过 The mere thought of the ruffian made her s

hudder. 她一想到那个恶棍就不寒而栗。 It is a mere 100 meter from my house to th

e theater. 从我家到剧场只有一百公尺

in terms of /in ... terms used to describe which particular area

of a subject you are discussing:就 ... 而论 ; 在 ... 方面

In financial terms, the project was not a success

In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.

就钱来说他很富有 , 但就幸福来说就不然了。

quadruple

to become four times as great 成为四倍 The number of students at the college has q

uadrupled in the last 3 years. We expect to quadruple our profits this yea

r

treble

a high singing voice 最高音部的演唱者或乐器 三倍的 , 三重的 His wage is treble mine.

他的工资是我的三倍。 2. 【音】最高声部的 ; 唱 ( 或奏 ) 最高声部的 [B]3. 高音的 ,尖声的 [B]James has a fine treble voice.詹姆斯有一副悦耳的高音嗓子

Sao paulo 圣 . 保罗（巴西东南部城市） Rio de Janeiro 里约热内卢（巴西东南部） Calcutta 加尔各答（印度东北部城市） Bombay 孟买（印度西部港口城市） Delhi 德里（印度北部城市） Seoul 汉城（南朝鲜城市）

Mexico Sao Paulao Rio de Jeneiro Bombay Delhi Shanghai Seoul

Sao paulo 圣 .保罗（巴西东南部城市） Rio de Janeiro

里约热内卢（巴西东南部）

Calcutta 加尔各答（印度东北部城市） Bombay 孟买（印度西部港口城市） Delhi 德里（印度北部城市）

）

Seoul Seoul

The Capital of South KoreaThe Capital of South Korea

Ex. A. Complete the Charts 1950 Position in top 10 Population New York 1 12 million London 2 10 million Calcuta 10 4 million Tokyo 9 6 million

In 2000 Position in top 10 Population New York 6 14 million Calcutta 4 16 million Tokyo 3 18 million

Ex. B Listen again and find out the other seven cities whose population is likely to be in the top ten in 2000

1. Mexico City 2. Sao Paulo 3. Rio de Janeiro 4. Bombay

5. Delhi 6. Shanghai 7. Seoul

Part IV. Short Talks on Listening Skills. Focus on the Main IdeaFocus on the Main Idea Listening and reading require many __Listening and reading require many __

___ in common. Finding ___________in a ___ in common. Finding ___________in a paragraph is just one of these skills.paragraph is just one of these skills.

The purpose of this talk is to discuss __The purpose of this talk is to discuss _____ a main idea is and how to ________ t___ a main idea is and how to ________ the main idea.he main idea.

Perhaps the best way to understanPerhaps the best way to understand the main idea is to think of it as thd the main idea is to think of it as the ______ idea,or the most ________ e ______ idea,or the most ________ idea which gives the paragraph puridea which gives the paragraph purpose and ________. That is to say, pose and ________. That is to say, when you are trying to find the maiwhen you are trying to find the main idea,n idea,

you are actually thinking about the ____you are actually thinking about the _____ of the given paragraph: Is it to ______ y_ of the given paragraph: Is it to ______ you about something, to explain, to narraou about something, to explain, to narrate? Or is it to _____, to argue, to persuadte? Or is it to _____, to argue, to persuade, etc.? When you get the right ______ foe, etc.? When you get the right ______ for yourself, you are likely to have got the r yourself, you are likely to have got the main idea.main idea.

The main idea of a paragraph is usuThe main idea of a paragraph is usually _____ in what is called _______ally _____ in what is called ___________. More often than not, the topi____. More often than not, the topic sentence is the ___ sentence of a c sentence is the ___ sentence of a paragraph. It is followed by other sparagraph. It is followed by other sentences, containing supporting __entences, containing supporting _______. _____.

When a _______ idea is discussed or wheWhen a _______ idea is discussed or when the purpose of the paragraph is to ____n the purpose of the paragraph is to _______ and convince, the topic sentence is s___ and convince, the topic sentence is sometimes placed at the ____ of the paraometimes placed at the ____ of the paragraph.graph.

If a paragraph has an _____ main idea, If a paragraph has an _____ main idea, it does not have a stated topic sentence. it does not have a stated topic sentence. The main idea is ________ by the sentenThe main idea is ________ by the sentences in the paragraph as ________. ces in the paragraph as ________.

Key to Part IV Skills, the main idea, what, recognize; Central, important, direction, purpose, infor

m, compare, answer; Stated, topic sentence, first, details; Difficult, persuade, end; Implied, hinted at, a whole.

Post listening discussionPost listening discussion What is the main idea? What is the main idea? The central idea or the most importThe central idea or the most import

ant idea which gives the paragraph ant idea which gives the paragraph purpose and direction. purpose and direction.

Where is the main idea of a paragraWhere is the main idea of a paragraph usually stated?ph usually stated?

In a topic sentence.In a topic sentence.