UNIT 2-A Changing Society and the Progressive Era ...webzoom.freewebs.com/msrubinohistory/WEBS 8th...
25
1 NAME:_______________________________________ #_____________ CLASS________ DATE_________ UNIT 2-A Changing Society and the Progressive Era - October & November Essential Question: How do people, policies and technological advances shape a nation? 8.2 - (Standards 1, 2, 4) A CHANGING SOCIETY: Industrialization 8.2a &b Immigration 8.2a,b,c Patterns of migration f 1840-1890 & 1890-1910 Push pull factors for Potato famine Ellis Island experience Diversity of groups Experiences Nativism, clashes, Chinese Exclusion act Gentleman’s Agreement restrictions Effects of Industrialization 8.2a,b,c Social Impact and the Rise of Factories lead to migration to cities and unsafe working conditions. Robber Barons: Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Morgan Rise of financial institutions Government & Business 8.2c,d,e relations between political parties and businesses. Progressives 8.2e Populist Party Key Figures: T. Roosevelt, Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, Lillian Ward, Muckrackers , W.E.B. DuBois, John Muir, Marcus Garvey, Ida Tarbell, NAACP civil rights movements Settlement houses Growth of Women's movement 19th amendment Rise of socialist movement Legislation Reform 8.2d,e Labor reform Legislation, Minimum wage, Labor unions, collective bargaining, etc. Federal Reserve and Taxes Temperance & Prohibition Economic concepts of Capitalism, mixed economy, scarcity Please note that the Woman’s Movement and Socialism will be covered in part during another Unit.
Transcript of UNIT 2-A Changing Society and the Progressive Era ...webzoom.freewebs.com/msrubinohistory/WEBS 8th...
1
NAME:_______________________________________#_____________CLASS________DATE_________
UNIT2-AChangingSocietyandtheProgressiveEra-October&November
EssentialQuestion:Howdopeople,policiesandtechnologicaladvancesshapeanation?8.2-(Standards1,2,4)ACHANGINGSOCIETY:
Industrialization8.2a&b
Immigration8.2a,b,cPatternsofmigrationf1840-1890&1890-1910PushpullfactorsforPotatofamineEllisIslandexperience
DiversityofgroupsExperiencesNativism,clashes,ChineseExclusionactGentleman’sAgreementrestrictions
EffectsofIndustrialization8.2a,b,cSocialImpactandtheRiseofFactoriesleadtomigrationtocitiesandunsafeworkingconditions.
RobberBarons:Rockefeller,Carnegie,andMorganRiseoffinancialinstitutions
Government&Business8.2c,d,erelationsbetweenpoliticalpartiesandbusinesses.Progressives8.2ePopulistPartyKeyFigures:T.Roosevelt,JacobRiis,UptonSinclair,LillianWard,
Muckrackers,W.E.B.DuBois,JohnMuir,MarcusGarvey,IdaTarbell,NAACPcivilrightsmovements
SettlementhousesGrowthofWomen'smovement19thamendment
RiseofsocialistmovementLegislationReform8.2d,e
LaborreformLegislation,Minimumwage,Laborunions,collectivebargaining,etc.FederalReserveandTaxesTemperance&Prohibition
EconomicconceptsofCapitalism,mixedeconomy,scarcityPleasenotethattheWoman’sMovementandSocialismwillbecoveredinpartduringanotherUnit.
2
1DATE:_____________LTICandescribeinventionsmadeintheU.S.duringthe1800s.pg2-3HWONPAGE3.
RiseofNY&othercities;UrbanizationNewTechnologyVocabulary:Urban_________________________________________________________Suburban________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rural______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Trend-generaldirectioninwhichsomethingisdevelopingorchanging.Patent-____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DIRECTIONS:ComparingthechangeinpopulationbetweenagriculturalandurbanareasoftheUnitedStatesbetween1790and1990.Analyzethegraphicontheonthepowerpointtitled“UrbanPopulationasaPercentageofU.S.Total”.YOURTASKDescribethetrendofthepopulationBASEDonthegraphic.Usingthechartonthepowerpointtomakeatrueandvalidstatementaboutthetrendinpopulation.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whydoyouthinkthistrendisoccuring?____________________________________________________________________NEXT:
“NECESSITYISTHEMOTHEROFINVENTION”WORKSHEETINVENTIONSWALK
Invention Who When&where EffectsonyourName Invented didhe life&thelives It inventit ofppl@thetime..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
3
GENERALINFORAMTIONABOUTINVENTIONSANDYOURHOMEWORK:
AftertheCivilWarended,theUnitedStatesbegantochangedramatically.Theintroductionofelectricityandnewinventionsimprovedmanufacturing,transportation,andcommunications.By1900,theUnitedStateswasnolongeranationoffarmers.Itwastheworld’sleadingindustrialpower.Homework:1-3COMPLETEYOURHOMEWORKONASEPARATESHEET.ITISDUETOMORROW.1)Reviewtheinventionsandanswerthechartcheckquestionbelowand#2&3below.ChartCheck:2)Connect3inventionsfromthelisttoyourlifetoday.Withoutxinventionfromthepast,whatmightweNOThavetoday?3)Definethephrase,“Necessityisthemotherofinvention.”stop----
-----------stop2-Date:______________LT-Icanillustrateanddeterminethevalueoflate1800stechnologyonbusinesssociety.Evaluatethevalueandeffectsoftechnologiesonsociety.Expressyourselfwithyourgroup!Youhaveonlythisperiodtocompleteaposterandrevieweachgroup’sdecisionsandevaluations.Worktogether,stayontask,takecareofthematerials.Showhowontaskandawesomeyoucanbe!!Eachpersonhasajob,allstudentsworkontheposteratthesametime!!Standup,pushdesksoutofyourway!!CriteriaforSuccess:1-Studentswilleachtakeonajob,writinginformationaboutthepast,writinginfoaboutthepresent,settingupthedrawing/placementofpictures,coloringthetitleoftheposter.2-Studentswillstayontasktocompletion.3-Studentswilltreatmaterialswithcareandrespectandputthemaway.
4
3-Date:______________LT:_ICANexplainwhatcausedmassiveimmigrationbetween1840-1910Wheredidtheimmigrantscomefrom?1840-1860_____________________________________________________________________________________________________1880-1900_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Belowwriteyouranswertothegraphskillsquestioninagrammaticallycorrectsentence!____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Todaywepracticereadingtolearnhistoricalinformation.Your1sttaskistoreadthesegmentonthenextpage(5)andannotateasyouread.Writeyourannotationsinthespaceprovidedontheright.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseraiseyourhandforassistance.Vocabulary:PushFactor-conditionsthatdrivepeopletoleavetheirhomes.PullFactor-conditionsthatattractthemtoanewarea.Pogrom-organizedmassacreofanethnicgroup,i.e.JewsinRussia.EthnicGroup-agroupofpeoplewhoshareacommoncultureThosewhofinishthetaskearlymaycompletethefollowing.Theinformationinthesentences/fragmentsentencesconnecttothereading,useyournewknowledgetohelpyouworkoutthetask.Sentencespurposelydonothavecapitalizationorgrammar.Directions:Writean“S”ifthewordsformacompletesentence.Capitalizeandpunctuatethesentences.Writean“F”ifthewordsareasentencefragment.Changethefragmentintocompetesentences._________peoplecametotheunitedstatesforabetterlife___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________othercountriesconditionshorrible___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________triedtogetpeoplecountries__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Nowyoumaygoandratethepostersinthehall.(1=poor4=excellent)Group& Rating WhyIgivethisposterthisrating.Class______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5
Insertyourannotationsbelow:
1)WhydidimmigrantspourintotheUnitedStatesinthelate1800s?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ThepromiseofanewlandApersonalstory…. Withfearandhope,RosaCristoforolefthervillageinItalyin1884tojoinherhusbandin“America.”ShejourneyedtotheFrenchportofHavre,wheresheboardedasteamshipforthelongvoyageacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Rosalivedbelowdeck“inabigdarkroom”withmanyotherpoorimmigrants.Aftertwoweeks,shefinallycaughtsightoftheland.Sheneverforgotthatmoment. “[I]stoodandwatchedthehillsandthelandcomenearer.Otherpoorpeople,dressedintheirbestclothesandloadeddownwithbundles,crowdedaround.America!Thecountrywhereeveryonecouldfindwork!Wherewagesweresohighnoonehadtogohungry!Whereallmenwerefreeandequalandwhereeventhepoorcouldownland!Butnowweweresonearitseemedtoomuchtobelieve.Everyonestoodsilentlikeinprayer.” DreamsofabetterlifebroughtmillionsofimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesinthelate100s.Lifewashardforthenewcomers.Yetovertime,thepeoplewhocamehelpedtobuildastronganddiversenation,unlikeanyother.Immigration Between1866and1915,morethan25millionimmigrantspouredintotheUnitedStates.Bothpushandpullfactorsplayedapartinthisvastmigration.PushFactors Manyimmigrantsweresmallfarmersorlandlessfarmworkers.Aspopulationsgrewinothercountries,landtherebecamescarce,ornotenough.Smallfarmscouldnotsupportfamiliesandnewfarmingtechnologycausedworkerstolosetheirjobs. InEasternEurope,politicalandreligiouspersecutionpushedmanypeopletoleave.InRussiaandelsewhere,apersonwhocriticizedthegovernmentfacedjailorexile.Inthelate1800s,theRussiangovernmentsupportedpogroms.Europeansimmigratedtoo.TheeconomyofIrelandwasbasedonagricultureandthepotatowastheirmaincrop.ThecommonpeopleinIrelandwerepoorandlivedinsmallone-roomshacks.InIrelandtherewasapotatofamine,orextremescarcity,causingmanyIrishtoleavetheirhome.Inotherplacestherewererevolutions,likeinMexico.DisordersweptthroughthecountrycausingmanytocrosstheborderintotheAmericanSouthwest.FortheChinese,povertyandhardshipintheirnativelandactedaspushfactors.PullFactors ThepromiseoffreedomandhopesforabetterlifeattractedpoorandoppressedpeoplefromEurope,Asia,andLatinAmerica.Often,oneboldfamilymemberwouldsetofffortheU.S. Thesenetworksoffamiliesandfriendshelpedpullneighborsfromthe“oldcountry”totheU.S.Inthelate1800s,oneoutofeverytenGreekslefttheirhomesfortheU.S.ThousandsofItalians,Poles,Hungarians,andJewsalsosailedtotheAmericas. Industrywasanotherpullfactor.Americanfactoriesneededworkers.FactoryownerssentagentstoEuropeandAsiatohireworkersatlowwages.Steamshipcompaniescompetedtoofferlowfaresfortheoceancrossing.RailroadspostednoticesinEuropeadvertisingcheaplandintheWest.
6
Homework:FOCUSISIMMIGRATIONaswelearnedtoday.Completethisassignmentonloose-leafusingtheknowledgeandtheinformationyougainedfrompages4-5.Onaseparatesheet,makepropersentencesfromthefragmentsentencesbelow.Trytousepropercapitalization,punctuation,spellingandgrammar.Writethefragmentandthenwritethecompletesentencebeneathit.REMEMBERYOURFOCUSFOREACHISCONNECTEDTOTODAY’SLESSONONIMMIGRATION.Ifyoudonotfollowthefocusyouwillnotreceivecredit.1)toAmerica2)everythingtheyowned3)hatedhowChinese4)hadmixedfeelings--------------------------------Stop4-Date________2-daysLT-IkkaneenimmigrantvanEllisIslandervaringuitdelatejaren1800totdevroegejaren1900teonderzoeken_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________S.L.A.N.T.:WewillwatchavideoaboutEllisIsland,theplaceallimmigrantshadtopassthroughbeforebeingallowedtoentertheUnitedStatesontheEastCoast.AsyouwatchwritedownANSWERStothefocusquestionswe’vediscussedinyournotebook.Summarizeyouranswersbelow...…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
HowweremanyAmericansfeelingwiththegreatnumbersofimmigrants?BelowisaNativist’sopinion,aboutallthenewcomers.Canyouinferwhatishetryingtosay?
AfterDiscussion:WriteyourfinalunderstandingofNativismhere:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SKILLBUILDER:MainIdea,ContextClues,identifyingfragments,arrangingsentencesusingknowledgewemustknowandunderstandforourlesson.ASIANIMMIGRANTIONduringthisera.ACTIVITY:Arrangingwordsintoacompetentcompletesentence.Directions:PPTstatements.Weunderlinedthe5wsfromallofthesentenceswemade.NowmakeyournotesinNTFbelow.MakeaclearstatementabouttheMainIdeawedeveloped.ImmigrationofAsians:Writeyoursentencebelow:..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
PrejudiceagainstAsians:
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
7
ChineseExclusionAct-1882barredChineseimmigrationoflaborersfortenyears,lawrenewedseveraltimes.TheGentleman’sAgreementwasmadebetweentheUnitedStatesandJapan.ThisagreementhaltedmassimmigrationfromthatcountryintotheUnitedStates.-----------StopTenementLife:SkillBuilder,ContextClues5-Date:______________2-DaysD1.LT-IcanainterpretwhatTenementlifewaslikeusingphotoanalysis.6D2-LTIcandevelopadeeperunderstandingoftheplightofimmigrantsincities.Vocabulary:Tenementahousedividedintoandrentedoutasseparateresidences,especiallyonethatisrun-downandovercrowded.pluralnoun:tenementhousesActivity:Workingwithprimarysources,photographs.Wewillbreakdowninformationinseveralphotographstodayusinganorganizertool.Eventually,youwanttoperformthistaskwithoutatool.Uponcompletionyoumayanswerthequestionsbelow.
Writeinyournotebook,undertoday’sLT-workingwithphotographsfromTenements.1)Basedonourdiscussioninclass,andallofthephotographswereviewed,describeinownwords,TenementHousingconditions.….....…..........…........…..………..….
….....…..........…........…..………..….
….....…..........…........…..………..….
….....…..........…........…..………..….
….....…..........…........…..………..….
….....…..........…........…..………..….
….....…..........…........…..………..….
….....…..........…........…..………..….
D2-2)Whydoyouthinktheseimmigrantswerelivinglikethis?TPSthenanswer...…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
SKILLBUILDER:S.I.G.H.T.HowhasusingS.I.G.H.T.helpedyoubreakdownthemessageswithinaphotograph?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
--------stop
8
7-Date:___________LT-Lessonintroductiontoyour1stmarkingperiodproject.1)Wewilldedicate1classperiodtohelpingyouunderstandyourprojectrequirements.2)Wegothroughtherequirementsonebyone-questionswillbetakentoclarifyconfusion.3)Yourprojectistobedoneonyourowntime-NOTINCLASS,you’rein8thgradenow.Independenceisnecessaryforyoureducationalandemotionalgrowth.4)I(we)thinkyouunderstandthatyoumustfollowallinstructionsinordertosucceed.Anythingmissingfromtheprojectwillcausealossofpoints.5)Thecompletedp2-3andyourdraftisduein4schooldays.Therefore,youmayconsiderthisalsoHWandwillreceiveHWpointsforthecompletion!!---------stop8Date:_______LT-Icanexplainhowemployeesweretreatedbybigbusiness.Vocabularyandterms:Laissez-Faire-_________________________________________________________________________________________________BossTweed-WilliamTweed,anAmericanpoliticianmostnotableforbeingthe‘Boss’ofTammanyHall,NYC.Tweedbecameknownforcollectingbribes,givingcitycontractstofriends,andstealingfundsfromthecitytreasury.TammanyHall-DominatedNYCpoliticsinthelate1800sbecauseofalloftheneedsofthecity-roads,bridges,constructionprojects. Whynothavea‘laissez-fair’attitudewithbigbusiness?3minutediscussionandshareout.Writeyourthoughtsandnotesinyournotebook.GalleryWalk:Directions:Writeyouranswerstothegallerywalkinyournotebook.Youwillmovewithyourgroupfromposttopost,itwillbetimed,andallstudentswillmoveatthesametime.Readtheinformationonthepost,viewthepictures,answerthesequestionsforeachpost:1)Howdidtherelationshipbetweenemployerandworkerchange?2)Inwhatwaysdidworkingconditionschange?3)Howweretheconditionsforchildreninfactories?4)Howdidthewagespaidtomenandwomencomparetotheirneeds?Theirbasicneedsarefood,shelter,andclothing.Intoday’seconomyaone-roomapartment(shelteronly)averagecostisaboutover$800.00permonth. Takeyourphoneanddosomemathusingthe1850statistics(numbersfromcharttable1).Ifamandoingnon-farmlaborearnsS1.05perdaycouldhetakecareofhisfamily? 1.05x6days= x28.45(comparisontowhatitwouldbetoday-realterms) x4weeksinamonth Howmuchdoesaoneroomcosttoday?Ohmy,howarepeoplegoingtosurvive?Doyourememberthetenements?Howcrowded,howdirty,howmiserablethepeoplelooked?Doyougetwhy?HOMEWORK:Answerthefollowingin¶form.Now,whatdoyouthinkof‘Laissez-Faire’government?Whatdiditleadto?Howdoyouthinkthischanged?Whatneedstobedoneandbywhom?
9
9-DATE_________LTLT-IcanoutlinehowbigmonopoliesbegantocontrolindustriesintheU.S.Fortwodayswewillread,learn,andshareaboutspecificpeopleinhistorywhohelpedtoshapeoureconomy.TheyareknownasRobberBarrons/CaptainsofIndustry.RobberBaronsorCaptainsofIndustry?CARDPASS-Whatdoyouthinkthesephrasesmean?SomeKeyPeopleandTerms:CorneliusVnderbilt-OvertookandcontrolledrailroadsbetweenNewYorkandChicago.J.D.Rockefeller-StandardOilCo.,monopolyonOilproductionandsalesinthelate1800s.AndrewCarnegie-CarnegieSteel,monopolyonsteelproductionandsalesinthelate1800s.Consolidate-tocombinemanyintoone.Monopoly-tocontrol90%ofanindustry,suchassteeloroil.TASK:DiscoversomeofthemostimportantpeopleinAmericanHistoryandunderstandtheiraccomplishmentsandtheirdownfalls.Youmayworkinpairsonthisactivity.Ifyouarereadingtoeachotheryoumustuseyourinsidevoicesoasnottodisturbtheotherstudentsatyourtable.COMPLETEONLOOSELEAF:Youmustfindoutthefollowinginformation:Who-includedatesofbirth,death,andoriginofbirth.When-includethedateswhenthisperson’sbusinessmadehimnotable.Where-includethelocationoftheirmainbusinessandwhereitspreadtointheU.S.What-includewhatthispersondidthatwassospectacularordiabolical.Why-(answersbecause)includewhythispersonwasabletoaccomplishhissuccess.How-(answerstheprocesstakentosuccess)includethemeansusedtoobtainsuccess.Whathaveyoulearnedaboutbusiness,theAmericanDream,andyourselfasyoureadthisstory?Whydoyouthinkknowingthisinformationisimportanttoyouandsocietytoday?EndDay1-4min-Groupdiscussionproof:Bytheendofclassyoushouldhavelotsofinformationonyourtopic.Discusswhatyoulearnedaboutyourtopicwithyourtable-mates.YoumayincludecollectedinformationASWELLASotherinformationyoufoundparticularlyinteresting.HOMEWORK:PracticeyourextractionskillsusingparagraphEandF.Directions:Fillindefinitionsasyouread.Onaseparatesheetdescribethemainidea/themeoftheparagraphandwhathappenedusingthe5ws,who,what,when,where,why.Askasiblingorparenttohelpyouwiththereadingifyoufeelit’stoohard. E).Asfactoriesexpanded,theyneededcapital,ormoney.Industrialists,orfactoryowners,usedcapitaltobuyrawmaterials,payworkers,andcovershippingcost.Toraisecapital,Americansadoptednewwaysoforganizingtheirbusinesses.Inthe1800s,inordertoexpandabusinessitsownerwouldmakeitacorporation.Acorporationisabusinessownedbyinvestors.Thecorporationsellsstock,orsharesinthebusiness,toinvestors,whoareknownasstockholders.Thestockholdersmakemoneyifthebusinessprofits.Thousandsofpeopleboughtstockincorporations.Stockholdersseemedtofacefewerrisksthantheownersofprivatebusiness.Ifaprivatebusinessgoesbankrupt,theownerhastopayallthedebts.Ifacorporationgoesbankrupt,stockholderscannotbeforcedtopaythecorporation’sdebt. F).AftertheCivilWar,corporations,orlargebusinessesownedbyinvestors,attractedlargeamountsofcapitalfromAmericaninvestors.Corporationsalsoborrowedmillionsofdollarsfrombanks.ThesebankloanshelpedAmericanindustrygrowatarapidpace.Atthesametime,theloansmadebigprofitsforthebanks.Infact,bankersbecameleadersofbusiness.Themostpowerfulbankerofthelate1800swasJ.P.Morgan.Morgan’sinfluencewasnotlimitedtobanking,however.Byusinghisbankingprofitstogaincontrolofmajorcorporations,hebecameadominantfigureinAmericanindustry.Morganandhisfriendsinvestedlargeamountsofmoneyinthestockoftroubledcorporations.Aslargestockholders,theygottocontrolmostofthebusiness’sdecisions.Between1894and1898,Morgangainedcontrolofmostofthe
10
nation’smajorraillines.Hethenbegantobuyupsteelcompaniesandmergethemintoonesinglelargecorporation,UnitedStatesSteelCompany,itincludedCarnegieSteel.Definethefollowingfromthereadingabove:Otherkeypeopleandterms:J.P.Morgan-____________________________________________________________________________________________________Capital-_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Corporation-__________________________________________________________________________________________________Stock-_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Summarizewhatyou’velearnedfrom¶E&Finasingleparagraphonaseparatesheettoturnintomorrow(usethose5Ws).YourparagraphMUSThavepropercapitalization,punctuation,andgrammar.---------stop10-DAY2-20minutescompleteyourarticleandnotes.Prepareyourselftoteachyourpeers!Jigsaw:15minutes-Studentsshareinformationabouttheirtopicwiththeirpeers.Asyouslantyouneedtowritenotesontheotherstudent’stopicpersons.Vanderbilt=seatw/1Carnegie=seatw/2Rockefeller=seatw/3Morgan=seatw/4---------------****Youwillturninpages10&11onpresentationday.
11
Couldfloattoanotherdaysostudentshavetimetogetwhattheyneedtosucceed.11-Date:__________LTIcandevelopquestionsandstatementsaboutbigbusinessintheU.S.inthe1800s.Monopoly-Class_______Group#___Names:__________________________________________________________________________Whatdowereallyknowandunderstandaboutmonopolies?KWLchartinyournotebook.industry?15minutesdiscussingmonopolies-howtobecomefilthyrich!1)5mindecideonthetypeofbusinesstoopen/monopolize:Whattypeofcompanywouldyourgroupliketocreate?Why?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
2)15minresearchingwhereelementsofproductcomefrom-rawmaterials,labor,transport,distributionIdentifyfivethings/elementsthatyourgroupneedstomaketheproductandprepareittobesold:
Things/elementsneeded Howmuchweowntocontrolthatparticularcompany&monopolizeindustry:
1.…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…....
2..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…....
3..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…....
.4.…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…....
5Transportation-Purchase/forcepurchaseof51+%ofMayflowerTruckinganinterstatetruckingcompany.3)Howdoyounowforceothermakersofthesameproductoutofbusiness?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
4)Onceyou’vecausedothercompaniestogobankrupt,whatdoyoudotothepriceofyourproduct?
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
Explaintheeffectthatyouractionsasamonopolyhasonthefollowing:
1)Consumersofyourproduct:..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…..
.….......…..……..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..
2)Employeeswhoworkedforthebusinessesyoucausedtobankrupt:..…..…...............................….....
...…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…....
3)Othercompaniesthatneedelementsyoucontrolfortheirproducts-notnecessarilythesameendproduct
asyours...…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....
…....…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…
Preparetomakeaposterforyourprojectinclass-printupapicture-1studentdraw?-Notewhowillcompletewhatandwhen:Whatneedstobedone: Who: Where:-(8½x11)Picture/drawingproductpicturefortheposter-______________________Home/Library-MakingaJingleorCatchPhraseforyourcompany-_____________________________class-Listingupthe5elementsneeded&thenamesofthecompaniesyourmonopolycontrols___________________________class-UnderstandingandwritingtheShermanAnti-TrustLawandexplainingit,writingdefinitions____________________________home/class-Organizingtheplacementofallitemsontoposter:____________________________Class
12
StandardOilandtheShermanAnti-TrustAct
In1863,SamuelAndrewsdevelopedaneffectivewaytochange,orrefine,oilintoKerosene.JohnD.Rockefeller,whohadaccumulatedsomewealthintheproducebusiness,investedinAndrews’business.RockefellerplayedasignificantroleinhelpingAndrewsbuyadditionalrefineryequipmentandadvisinghimonhowtogrowaneffectivebusiness.Overtimetheirbusiness,calledStandardOil,becameverysuccessful.ThecompanywantedtocontrolalloftheoilbusinessintheUnitedStates.Inordertogainadditionalcustomersandbusiness,StandardOilboughtupmanyotheroilcompanies.Thecompanyalsocutthepriceofoilinhalfbetween1865and1870inordertoattractnewclients.OvertimeStandardOildevelopedcontractswithrailroadcompaniesthatallowedittoshipoilacrossthecountryforverylowprices.Throughitseffortsthecompanycametocontrolallaspectsoftheoilindustry,includingtheminingofoil,thetransportationofoilandtherefiningofoil.SinceStandardOilcontrolledtheoilindustrytheycouldnowchargehigherpricesforoilandforcecustomerstopaytheprices.Afterall,ifcustomersdidnotpaythepriceschargedbyStandardOiltheydidnotgetoil.Soon,criticsofStandardOilCompany,andothercompaniesthathadsimilarpractices,protestedthatthepracticeswerenotfair.Theyarguedthatwhencompaniesheldmonopoliesand/ortruststheycouldchargeunreasonablepricesfortheproductsorservicestheysold.Atrustisacombinationoffirmsthathavejoinedtogetherforthepurposeofreducingcompetitionandcontrollingpricesthroughoutabusinessoranindustry.In1890,theUnitedStatesCongresspassedtheShermanAnti-Trustact.ItwasnamedforUnitedStatesSenatorJohnSherman.Theact,basedontheconstitutionalpowerofCongresstocontroltradebetweenbusinessesthatoccursacrossstateborders,declaredcontractorbusinesspartnershipsthatsoughttolimittradebetweencustomersandothercompaniesillegal.Monetaryfinesandprisontimecouldbeimposedforviolatingtheselaws.ThoughStandardOilCompanyhassoughttocreateaprofitablemonopolyforitself,thecompany’sactionsinsteadledtotheoutlawingofmonopolies.SummativeProjectinstructionandpaperwork-worthafullexamgrade!!!!Allstudentsmustcompletetheirfairshareofwork.Studentswillgradeeachotheronparticipation,cooperation,andcompletion.Poorreviewsfromyourpeerswillloweryourgrade!!!1.WhatwasJohnRockefeller’sroleintheStandardOilCompany?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
2.HowdidloweringpriceshelpStandardOilCompanyattractnewcustomers?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
3.Howdidbuyingotheroilcompany’shelpStandardOilgaincontroloftheoilindustry?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
4.WhydoyouthinkthattheUnitedStatesCongressprohibitedmonopoliesandtrusts?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
13
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
12-DATE:_________LT-WecanplanoutoursummativeprojectonMonopoliesandbeginplacementof
information.
Task1-Finalizedelegateddutiestogroup.-5min
Task2-Studentscompileinformation/ideas/elementsforprojectcompletion
Task3-last15minutesmockupposteronsheetprinterpaper.
Whowillbringinspecialsuppliesforthegrouptosucceedtomorrow?
13-Date__________LT-Wecanmakeourposterandbeginpresentingthelast10minutesofclass.
Task-Studentswith100%completedpostersbeginpresentingforteachersandotherfinishedgroups.
-Astudentmustdescribethebusinessandwhatitdoes
-Asecondstudentdescribeswhythisbusinessisamonopoly-whatmakesthisso.
-A-thirdstudentreadsoffthedefinitionsandShermanAnti-trustinfo
-Thefourthstudentdiscussesthelogo/jingle/projectmakingexperience.
14-DateLT-WecanpresentourMonopolieswithprideandknowledge.
-Astudentmustdescribethebusinessandwhatitdoes
-Asecondstudentdescribeswhythisbusinessisamonopoly-whatmakesthisso.
-A-thirdstudentreadsoffthedefinitionsandShermanAnti-trustinfo
-Thefourthstudentdiscussesthelogo/jingle/projectmakingexperience.
Allstudentsinthegroupcompletearubricgradefortheirpeers&turninatendofclass.
14
15Date:__________LT-Icanexaminetheeconomicconceptsofcompetitionvs.largecorporation
Task1:Skillbuilder:Sentencesorfragments?Correcttheminyournotebook.
Vocabulary-Scarity-inshortsupply;shortage.Capitalism-systeminwhichacountry'stradeandindustryarecontrolledbyprivateownersforprofit,ratherthanbythestate.Task2:Readtheshortparagraph,answerthequestionstothebestofyourabilityusingpriorknowledge. TheUnitedStates,forthemostpart,isconsideredtohaveacapitalisteconomicsystem.FromourdefinitionsweknowthatpeopleinbusinessintheU.S.controltheirowndestiny.Businessesareownedbyprivateowner(s)forprofit.Nameabusinessthatyouknowof____________________________________________________.Tokeepitsimple,thebusinessyounamedisownedeitherbyanindividualoracorporationwithtwoormoreinvestors.Onedayyoumaywanttoopenabusiness.What’stheprimaryreason/pointofopeningabusiness?Ifyou’rereallynotsure,thenanswerthis-whywouldchildhavealemonadestand?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Howdoyouthinktheymakemoney?Describeit.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Whenthereislessofsomething,whensomethingisscarce,thepriceforitgoesup.HowmuchdoyouthinkapairofJordan’swouldcostifthecompanyonlymade1,000pairofsneakers?__________________________________.Banksarebusinesses,theyhavehundredsofinvestors,whatdoyouthinkthemaingoalofabankis?_________________________________________________.Banksarelargecorporations,too.Readthetwoexcerptsbelowandtakeaside,thencompletetheactivitybelow.Usedefinitionsfrompreviousvocabularytoaidyourunderstanding.-----discussion,stopandjotnotesinyournotebookinNTFaswespeak-------Task3:Readthetwoshortparagraphsbelowandevaluatewhichisbetterlotsofcompetitionamongbusinessesortohavefewlargecorporations?
Writeyourthoughtsbelowafterdecidingwhetheryouareforcompetitionorforlargecorporations.Afteryoustateyourposition,uselogicandreasoningtobackupthatposition.Notsurehowtorespond?Whichtoyouthinkismostbeneficialtotheconsumer(you)?Try,“Ipreferlargecorporationb/c….”or“Iprefercompetitionb/c”..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
ArgumentsforlargeCorporation.Naturally,businessleadersdefendedthesesuperlargecorporations.AndrewCarnegiepublishedarticlesarguingthatcompetitionruinedbusinessesandputpeopleoutofwork.Supportersassertedthattheselargecorporationsmadegoodscheaplyandsohelpedtheconsumer.
15
----------------stop16-Date_________LT-Icanevaluatetheplightofworkersduringthe2ndIndustrialRevolution.Todaywehaveopendiscussionabouttheplightofworkersduringthistime.Manyareimmigrantswhocameforabetterlife.Wewillpracticediscussion,jottinginformationunderstood,discussionjottinginformationunderstood.17-Date:________LT_________________________________________________________________________________________________VocabularyLaborUnion-formedtoprotectandfurthertherightsandinterestsofworkersinatradeorprofession.KnightsofLabor-Unionforskilled&unskilledworkers,heldsecretmeetings.Tacticsincludedstrikes.AmericanFederationofLabor-(AFL)-Unionforskilledworkersonly,limitedgoalstohigherwages,shorterhours,andimprovedworkingconditions.Tacticsincludedstrikes.IndustrialWorkersortheWorld-(IWWalsoknownas‘Wobblies”)-opentoallworkers,aradicallaborunionwithtiestosocialismandanarchism.Allworkersshouldbeunitedasasocialclassandeventually
overthrowtheemployingclass(ownersofindustry).Tacticsincludedstrikes,boycotts,andpropaganda.Propaganda-biasedormisleadinginformationusedtoproveaparticularpointofview.MAKEANNOTATIONSASYOUREADunderlinesentencefragments!
Laborandthelate1800sDuringthistimemachinesdidmoreandmorework.Theunskilledworkerswhoranthemachinescouldnotcomplainaboutconditions,fortheyknewtheycouldbeeasilyreplaced.Intheearly1880s,FredrickW.Taylorwroteabookthattookascientificlookathowbusinessescouldincreaseprofits.Onewaywastoignoreworkersandtheirneeds.Asaresult,conditionsforworkersgotworse.WorkersOrganizeWorkersbegantoformlaborunions.TheKnightsofLaborstartedoutasasecretorganization.Thetheycouldbefiredfororganizingagainsttheowners.However,bytheendofthe1870s,theKnightsbecameanationallaborunion.TheKnightsincludedbothskilledandunskilledmembers.TheAmericanFederationofLabor,undertheleadershipofSamuelGompers,wasdifferentfromtheKnightsofLabor.Itorganizednationalunions,anditsmemberswereallskilledworkers.Workershopedthatiftheyactedtogether-thatis,iftheyusedcollectivebargaining,orworkersactingtogetherforbetterwagesorworkingconditions,theymightactuallybeabletoimprovepayandworkingconditions.participatedinunions.MaryHarrisJones,forexamplehelpedorganizestrikesandeducateworkers.LaborStrikesTheHaymarketRiotinChicagowasaresultofalaborunionstrike.Afterstrikers,attheHaymarketSquaretoprotestthekillings.Someonethrewabombintothecrowd,andofficersfiredintothecrowd.Itendedwithmorethan100killedorwounded.WorkersprotestedtheintroductionofnewmachineryandthelossofjobsattheCarnegiesteelplantinHomestead,Pa.Itendedinviolenceanddeath,andtheunionwasdefeated.Twoyearslater,thePullmanstrike-railroadcarmakers-overlayoffsandpaycutsalsoendedinbloodshed.PresidentGroverClevelandsentfederaltroopstobreakthestrike.
16
EXPLAINwhyworkerssometimesusedstrikesasastrategy.ExCr-HOMEWORK:
Manyyoungpeopletodayworkunderguidelinessetbythegovernment.Otheryoungpeopleareforcedtoworkinconditionsthatdonotmeettheseguidelines.Findoutmoreaboutworkingconditionsforpeopleage16yearsandyounger.Createa“Didyouknow?”chartwithatleast6importantfactsyoufind.Togetyoustartedyoucango
to:https://labor.ny.gov/workerprotection/laborstandards/workprot/minors.shtm18-Date____LT_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Today’slearningtargetwillbedevelopedbyyoutowardtheendofclass.Inyournotebookyouwilljotallofyournotesfortheday.GoodLuck!Takeallnotesinyournotebooktoday!19Date:_______LTIcandetermineaspecialpoliticalmovementfromthelate1800s.WHATdoyouthinkapoliticalmovementis?WhywasTheodoreRooseveltsuchanimportantpresident?Whatinheavensnameisa‘Muckracker”?SkillBuilder:findthesentencefragments,underlinethemasyoureadaboutTHEPROGRESSIVES-ProgressivesPushforReformsIsthepenmightierthanthesword?Doyouknowthisphrase? Progressivesgrowthofthelate1800s.Journalists,someofthefirstinvestigativereporters,wrotearticlesandbooksaboutsuchissuesaschildlabor,racialdiscrimination,andslumhousing.Calledmuckrakersforthescandalstheyexposed,thesewritersencouragedreforms.Manyprogressiveswerealsointhegovernmentandtheytoohelpedtheurbanpoor.Eveneverydaypeople,whoempathizedwiththestruggleoflivingdayinthecities,joinedwithotherlike-mindedpeopletopushforlawstohelpchangesocietyforthebetter.Thisledtoimprovedconditionsincities.Otherprogressiveleadersfocusedoneducation,health,andthegeneralwelfareofwomeninthecities.Statespassedlawsrequiringchildrentoattendschool.Kindergartensopenedtoteachchildrenbasicsocialskills.JohnDewywasasupporterofeducation.Hismotivewastohelpchildrenuseproblem-solvingskills,notjustmemorization.Educationthemedialprofession.----Stop_________________________________________________________________________________________________________20Date:_________LT-IcandeterminetheaccomplishmentsofProgressiveReformers.Timetousetimetechnologywisely!WhohasInternetontheircellphone?Let’sresearchsomeoftheseprogressives!Biography.Comalwayshasgoodinformationonimportantpeopleinhistory.HistoryChannel.comalwayshasgoodinformationonimportantpeople.FillinalltherequiredinformationonthegraphicorganizerHANDOUT.Criteriaforsuccess:Studentscanandwill:-Researchtheprescribedkeyperson/topic-Developa‘hook’introductiontolearningabouthim/her/them-NotetheBirth/Childhoodexperiences-Notehis/her/theirearlylifeexperience-Notehis/her/theiradultlifeexperience-Notethesocial/economical/gov’tproblemhe/she/themchanged-Notehis/her/theiraccomplishments-Notehis/her/theirlatelife/death
17
-Aconcludingstatementwillexplainhowthisprogressive’sideashelpedbringaboutchangesinoneormoreofthefollowingareas: Social/society,economics/business,government/lawsYoucandothis!!!21-Date:______LTIcandiscussandlearnaboutProgressiveswithmyCompleteorganizersideforjigsaw“PROGRESSIVEERAMUCKRACKERS”KeyProgressivesyoumustknowforyourexam:TheodoreRoosevelt-NYCgovernorandeventuallythe26thpresidentoftheUnitedStates,pushedlegislationthroughtoprotectareasoftheU.S.as‘NationalParks’.JacobRiis-wrote“HowtheOtherHalfLives”aphotojournaloflifelivedbythepoor.UptonSinclair-wrote“TheJungle”exposinglaborabusesinthemeatpackingindustry.Butiswasfood,notlabor,thatmostconcernedthepublic.Helpedtobringaboutfoodanddruglaws.LillianWard-Socialworker,startedtheVisitingNurseServicein1893andit’sstillinexistence,establishedtheWomen’sTradeUnionLeague,foughttoendchildlabor.W.E.B.DuBois-oneofthemostimportantAfricanAmericanactivists,foundedtheNAACP.JohnMuir-lovednature,studiedbotanyandnature,influencedPres.T.Roosevelttoprotectforestsandnatureforfuturegenerations.MarcusGarvey-encouragedBlackNationalismandPan-Africanismmovements,inspiringtheNationofIslamandtheRastafarianmovement.IdaTarbell-AmericanjournalistbestknownforherpioneeringinvestigativereportingthatledtothebreakupoftheStandardOilCompany’smonopoly.NAACP-1909,theNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),mostinfluentialcivilrightsorganizationintheUnitedStates.HWOREarlyfinishertask-completeafterresearch:Makethefollowingsentencefragmentsintowholesentences.Grammarcounts.Completeonaseparatesheettohandinattheendofclassasanexitslip.1)fasturbangrowth2)learnedabouthimtoday3)idatarbellhadplentyofreason22(23)Date:________LT-IcanidentifyhowreformschangedlifeforU.S.citizens.SkillBuilder:Workingunderstricttiming,stayingfocused. Letsdosomethingnew,adocwaveandworkonourtimingtoanswerquestionsusingRACE.Foreachdocumentyouwillhavetonotethechangesmadein4minutestime,thenyouwillhave__mintocompleteadocumentbasedquestiononthetopic.It’sokifyoudon’tcompletethequestion100%,youwillstillhavealltheinformationnecessaryforeducationalpurposes.Thisactivitywillgetyouusedtothepressureofbeingtimed.Onceyou’reusedtoit,itwon’tbotheryou. Severaldocumentswillbehandedtotheclass.Timeforread/annotateinNTFwillbecalled.Yourfocusisonthechangestheseprogressivesbroughtaboutinsociety.TimeforDBQ-readthequestionfromthesmart-boardandproceedtoanswerusingRACE.Thereadingsthemselvesareeasygetthrough.Reflection:WhatproblemamIfacedwithwhenIamunderpressure?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
18
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…..…......
CLEANINGUPTHECITIES- Asmoreandmorepeoplecrowdedintocities,problemsgrew.Tenementbuildingweredeathtrapsiffiresbrokeout.Garbagerottedinthestreets.Factoriespollutedtheair.Crimewasconstantandbrutal.Thievesandpick-pocketshauntedalleys,especiallyatnight. Bythe1880s,reformersweredemandingchange.Theyforcedcitygovernmentstopassbuildingcodes.Buildingcodesarelawsthathelpkeeppeoplesafeinbuildings.Newbuildingshadtohavefireescapesanddecentplumbing.Citieshiredworkerstocollectgarbageandsweepthestreets.Toreducepollutionzoninglawsweremade.Zoninglawsdemandedthatfactoriesonlybebuiltinspecificareas,notinornearresidentialneighborhoodswherepeoplelivedandchildrenplayed. Safetyimprovedwhencitiessetupprofessionalfirecompaniesandtrainedpoliceforces.Gas--andlaterelectriclightsmadestreetslessdangerousatnight.Pushedbyreformers,citygovernmentshiredengineersandarchitects.Theseexpertsdesignednewwatersystems.NewYorkCity,forexample,dugundergroundtunnelstotheCatskillMountains--100milesnorth.Thetunnelsbroughtcleanwatertothecityeveryday.HELPFORTHEPOOR- Somegroupslookedforwaystohelpthepoor.TheCatholicChurchministeredtotheneedsofIrish,Polish,andItalianimmigrants. FOODANDSHELTER.Protestantgroupsalsosetupprogramsforthepoor.TheSalvationArmy,anestablishmentthatbeguninEurope,spreadtotheUnitedStates.Itofferedfoodandsheltertothepoor.Othergroups--liketheYMCA(YoungMen’sChristianAssociation)andYWCA(YoungWomen’sChristianAssociation)taughtclasses,organizedteamsports,andhelddances.Suchactivitiesofferedyoungpeopleabriefescapefromslumlife.Bythelate1800s,individualsbegantoorganizesettlementhouses.Asettlementhouseisacommunitycenterthatoffersservicestothepoor.ThebestknownofthesewasHullHouse,inChicago,setupbyJaneAddams.Addamscamefromawell-to-dofamily,butshefeltstrongsympathyforthepoor.OtheryoungwomensoonjoinedAddamsattheHullHouse.Theyprovideddaynurseriesforchildrenwhosemothersworkedoutsidethehome.Theyalsoorganizedsportsandtheaterforyoungpeople.TheytaughtEnglishtoimmigrantsandgaveclassesinhealthcare.Overtheyears,thesettlementhousemovementspreadandby1900,about100suchcentershadopenedinAmericancities.GROWTHOFEDUCATION Beforethe1870s,fewerthanhalfofAmericanchildrenwenttoschool.Manywhodidattendedone-roomschoolhouses.Often,severalstudentssharedasinglebook.PUBLICSCHOOLSIMPROVE:FlorenceKelly,aHullHousedoctor,campaignedforbetterhealthlawsandtobanchildlabor.JohnDewyalsocampaignedtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.Heandthenationbelievedweneededaneducatedcitizenryandworkforce.Asaresult,statesimprovedpublicschools.IntheNorth,moststatespassedlawsthatrequiredchildrentoattendschool,usuallythroughthesixthgrade.IntheSouth,theFreedmen’sBureaubuiltgradeschoolsforbothAfricanAmericanandwhitestudents.IncitiessuchasBostonandNewYork,publicschoolstaughtEnglishtoyoungimmigrants.Native-bornandimmigrantchildrenalsolearnedthedutiesandrightsofcitizens.Schoolsstresseddisciplineandobedience.PUBLICLIBRARIES Wealthyindividuals,likeAndrewCarnegie,gavemoneytotownsandcitiestobuildpubliclibraries.Librariesweremorethanplacestofindbooksandmagazines.Often,speakersgavetalksontopicssuchasarchaeologyandmedicine.Throughschoolsandlibraries,Americanslearnedtoembracenewideas.Withasocietyabletoreadmorethrougheducation,theNewspaperbusinesssoared.
19
STAYINGCONNECTEDTHROUGHINFORMATION Newspapersarelinkedtothegrowthofcities.Intownsandvillages,friendsandneighborssharednewswhentheymet.Inthecity,however,peoplehadthousandsof“neighbors”.Therewassomuchnewseverydaythatpeopleneedednewspaperstobeinformed.Itwasimportantthen,asitisnow,tobeinformedonwhatwasgoingonincountryeveryday.Andtobeinformed,theyneededtoread,andtoreadwell.Newspaperseventriedtopullchildrenintoeverydayreadingwiththe“FunnyPapers.”Thesecomicstripswerewrittenjustforkids.“TheFunnies,”astheywereknown,wereafavoritefeatureinmostnewspapers.Oneofthemostpopularwas“MuttandJeff,”whichranforalmost70years.Doyoueverreadthe“FunnyPapers”?REFORMINGSTATEGOVERNMENT Progressivesalsohadanimpactatthestatelevelofgovernment.Manystatessetupcommissionstosetrulesformakingfactoriessaferplacestowork.Statesalsopassedthefirstworker’scompensationlaws.Theselawsguaranteedthatworkerswhowereinjuredonthejobwouldreceivesomepaywhiletheywereunabletowork.Otherstatespassedlawstolimitworkinghours.Suchreformshelpedtoimprovethequalityoflifeformanyworkingpeople.Theyalsohelpedpushthroughlawsthatregulatedsafetyintheworkplace. Progressivesalsoworkedtoendtheemploymentofchildrenintheworkplace.Factorieshiredchildrenbecausechildrencoulddothesameunskilledworkasadultsforlessmoney.Oftenwagesweresolowthateverymemberofthefamilyneededtowork.Additionally,ProgressiveswonaSupremeCourtcasewhichcouldlegallylimittheworkinghoursofwomen,andtheyupheldaten-hourworkdayformen. Progressivismdidnotendattheturnofthecentury.In1938ournationsignedthefirstminimumwagelawaspartoftheFairLaborStandardsAct.Thislawrequiredemployerstopayemployeesaminimumwagedeterminedbygovernment.Also,inthe1930stheWagnerActofferedfederalprotectiontoemployeesseekingtojoinaunion.TheWagnerActmadeitillegalforanemployertofireanemployeeoremployeesforsettingupaunion.CollectivebargainingisamajorpartofunionsandthattoobecameprotectedbytheFederalGovernment.Collectivebargainingisaprocessofnegotiationbetweenemployersandagroupofemployeesaimedatreachingagreementstoregulateworkingconditions.Theinterestsofemployeesarecommonlypresentedbyrepresentativesofatradeuniontowhichtheemployeesbelong.Someofyourparentsmaybepartofatradeunion.Overall:Progressiveshelpedwiththese5areasforthequalityoflifeforpeopleworking:MinimumWage-abasewageallemployersmustpaytheiremployees-skilled&unskilled.RighttoUnionize-employeesmaycreateorjoinaunionthatwillnegotiateworkingconditionsandsalary.Workman’sCompensation-awardingsomeonemoneyforlossofwagesduetoonthejobinjuries.ChildLaborLaws-Lawsthatprotectchildrenfromtheabusesoftheworkplace,andensuretheyhaveaneducation.SafetyRegulations-Lawsthatrequireownersofbusinessestoensuresafetyintheworkplace.HW-completethewebbelow.
20
23
Date:______LT--Icanexaminewhattaxesareandevaluatetheirnecessity.Graduatedtax,FedReserveactWrite3questionsyouhaveaboutthisword,“Taxes”.You’veheardtheword,youpayoutmoneywhenyoupurchaseanitematthestore.S.L.A.N.T.WearegoingtowatchavideoonTaxes.Writedownwhattaxesarethenlistwhattaxesareusedforbasedon:StateandLocalTaxes: FederalTaxes...…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
ShouldsocietyseekmoreservicesfromGovernment?YorNExplainyouranswer.
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
Whydidthenarratorstatethatpeopleshouldavoidaskingformoreandmoreservicesfromgov’t?
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
Ifyouhadtosetupataxsystem,nowthatyouknowwhattaxespayfor,whatwouldyouaddorchange?Whyandhow?Discusswithyourgroup,makeyourdecision,writedownyourthoughts...…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
21
Graduatedtaxsystem,currentsystemintheU.S.fortaxes:Tom Dick Harry..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
INYOURNOTEBOOK:WouldyouchangethecurrentGraduatedTaxsystem?YorNIfyeswritewhatyouwouldchange,ifnowritewhyyouwouldnotchangeit.HW-Summarizewhattaxesare,whattheydo,andiftheGraduatedTaxsystemisfair.FederalReserveAct:TheFederalReserveActcreatedasystemofprivateandpublicbodies;thereweretobeatleasteight,andnomorethan12,privateregionalFederalReservebanks.TheFederalReserveSystem,oftenreferredtoastheFederalReserveorsimply"theFed,"isthecentralbankoftheUnitedStates.ItwascreatedbytheCongresstoprovidethenationwithasafer,moreflexible,andmorestablemonetaryandfinancialsystem.TheFederalReservewascreatedonDecember23,1913,whenPresidentWoodrowWilsonsignedtheFederalReserveActintolaw.TheFederalReserveActmeanstheFederalReserveBankisconductingthenation'smonetary[money]policybyinfluencingmoneyandcreditconditionsintheeconomyinanefforttocreatefullemploymentandstablepricesacrossthecountry.Theyaresupervisingandregulatingbanksandotherimportantfinancialinstitutionstoensurethesafetyandsoundnessofthenation'sbankingandfinancialsystemandtheyaretohelpprotectthecreditrightsofconsumers.Theyalsohavetomaintainthestabilityofthefinancialsystemandcontrolthemanyrisksthatmayariseinfinancialmarkets.WhiledoingallofthistheyareprovidingcertainfinancialservicestotheU.S.government,U.S.financialinstitutions,andforeignofficialinstitutions,andplayingamajorroleinoperatingandoverseeingthenation'spaymentssystems.Finally,TheFederalReserveBankisprivatelyowned,theyhaveinvestorswhoputupthemoneytoservethenation.24Date:_______LT____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________You’vefixedthegrammarandELSmechanicsintheLT☺.GoodjobVocabulary-thekeythatunlocksunderstanding!Temperance-noun-abstinencefromalcoholicdrink,moderationorself-restraint,especiallyineating&drinking:TheTemperanceMovement-SLANT:Wewillwatchseveralvideostodayonthismovementitscauses.Takenotesasyouwatch.How/Whydidthismovementbegin?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
Whowerethefirsttoabstainfromalcohol?
22
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
.WhatwastheA.S.L.?
.…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
ReadbelowtofindoutwhathappenedbecauseoftheA.S.L.Withtheratificationoftheincometaxamendmentin1913,andthefederalgovernmentnolongerdependentonliquortaxestofunditsoperations,theASLmovedintohighgear.Asanti-GermanfervorrosetoanearfrenzywiththeAmericanentryintotheFirstWorldWar,ASLpropagandaeffectivelyconnectedbeerandbrewerswithGermansandtreasoninthepublicmind.MostpoliticiansdarednotdefytheASLandin1917the18thamendmentsailedthroughbothhousesofCongress;itwasratifiedbythestatesinjust13months...…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
WhatsubstanceproblemdowehavehereonStatenIsland?Isthisproblemwidespread?..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
..…..…...............................…......…....….......…......……..…...….......…..……....…
23
Date:________LT-___________________________________________________________________________________________112YoushouldhavetheLTinyournotebooktoo!KeyLaws:MinimumWage-abasewageallemployersmustpaytheiremployees-skilled&unskilled.RighttoUnionize-employeesmaycreateorjoinaunionthatwillnegotiateworkingconditionsandsalary.Workman’sCompensation-awardingsomeonemoneyforlossofwagesduetoonthejobinjuries.ChildLaborLaws-Lawsthatprotectchildrenfromtheabusesoftheworkplace,andensuretheyhaveaneducation.SafetyRegulations-Lawsthatrequireownersofbusinessestoensuresafetyintheworkplace.ShermanAnti-Trust-1890wasthefirstmeasurepassedbytheUSCongresstoprohibitabusivemonopolies,andinsomewaysitremainsthemostimportant.TRUSTBUSTING:Wewillwatchashortvideoabout“Trustbusting”.Writedownwhatyoulearnfromthevideointhespacebelow.Warning,thisinformationwillbeonournextexam.
WenowunderstandhowimportantTheodoreRooseveltwastobreakinguphugeTrustsintheearly19thcentury.WiththedevelopmentoftheShermanAnti-Trustlawof1890,thehugemonopolyofStandardOilwasbrokenupandcompetitionintheoilindustryleveledprices.EvenwiththeShermanAnti-Trustlaw,dowestillhavetoworryaboutTrustsandMonopoliescausingourpricestorise?Youtellusafterwatchingashortvideoandreadingthearticlehandout.
24
Whilereadingthearticle,answerthequestionsbelow.Thenmakeyourargumentfortheopeningquestion,“ShouldtheU.S.FederalGovernmentallowthistohappen?OrshouldtheystopitusingtheShermanAnti-TrustAct?”1)Whatdoesthearticlemeanbyconsolidation?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2)Whatistheeventtakingplaceinthearticle?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3)Whatwouldhappentothepharmacyindustryiftheconsolidationtakesplace?(seepiechartforhelp)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4)WhydoesWalgreenswanttomergewithRite-Aid?What’sinitforthem?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5)HowwillWalgreenspayforthemerge?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6)Lookatthepiechart.Understandingthatcompetitionkeepspriceslower,listwhateffectsofthismergercouldhaveoncitizensoftheU.S.?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7)ShouldtheU.S.FederalGovernmentallowthistohappen?OrshouldtheystopitusingtheShermanAnti-TrustAct?”__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Date:______LT-IcanevaluatewhyTrustBustingisanimportanttooltoprotectthepeopleoftheU.S.BesuretowritetheLTinyournotebookwiththedate.Wewillwatchashortvideoabout“Taxes”.Writedownwhatyoulearnfromthevideointhespacebelow.Makeagoodlistfordiscussion.Warning,thisinformationwillbeonournextexam.___________________________________________________________________________________
25
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhatdidyoulearnfromourinclassdiscussionabouttaxescitizenspayandservicesprovidedbytheU.S.government?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
