NEBOSH General CertificateUnit 16

Monitoring,Review&Audit

Session AimsAn understanding of the proactive and reactive monitoring systemsAn understanding of the scope and nature of a health and safety audit

Learning ObjectivesTo be able to use a variety of proactive and reactive monitoring proceduresTo be able to carry out a workplace inspection produce action planUse different types of safety inspectionTo be able to review performanceExplain meaning and preparations needed for an audit

The Main Elements in HS(G) 65

Safety CultureIndicators Accidents Absenteeism Sickness Rates Staff Turnover Legislation Compliance Staff Complaints

Safety CultureSafe PersonCompetent PersonCommunicates with workers by providing:Safety Briefings that stress safety when giving work instructionsEncouragement via a reward scheme or pat on the backFeedback on hazard identification and control measures in placeInformation, Instruction, Training & SupervisionCo-operationControl

Job Safety AnalysisCradle to grave approach to a specific taskIdentify and evaluate the risks involved in that taskBreak down the task into sectionsEvaluate each section and decide on the control measures necessary to reduce the associated risksHazards - Risk - Likelihood - SeverityPracticable or Reasonably Practicable

Inspections & AuditsHazard & Operability Studies (HAZOP)Used in potentially high-risk industries such as a petro-chemical plantBased on what if questioning - What if: The pump fails? The flow rate detector mis-reads? The gas supply is interrupted?

Why Monitor?The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992 - Regulation 5Every employer shall make and give effect to such arrangements as are appropriate, having regard to the nature of his activities and the size of his undertaking, for the effective planning, organisation, control, monitoring and review of the preventive and protective measures

MonitoringProactive - The systematic inspection of plant and premises. Checking to ensure that your standards are being maintained.Reactive - Something has gone wrong. Standards have not been maintained or a control measure has failed.

MonitoringProactive - look at what is actually happening compared to what is written in plans and standards.Reactive - events direct us to look again at control measures: accidents near misses dangerous occurrences ill-health complaints by the workforce enforcement action

ActiveReactiveAssess action needed to deal with immediate riskAssess level and nature of investigation neededInvestigateResults & AnalysisReview Process

InspectionsA physical inspection of premises, plant and equipment. Undertaken by:Directors / Supervisors / Line ManagersHealth & Safety AdvisorJoint teams of managers and employeesSafety RepresentativesInspecting either together or working separately and then comparing notes

Proactive MonitoringSafety Audits - Thorough, systematic and critical examination of systems and proceduresWorkplace Inspections - Physical inspection of the workplace or aspects of the workplaceSafety Surveys - Detailed investigation of of one aspect of the workplaceSafety Tours - Brief examination of one or more aspect of the workplaceSafety Sampling - Inspection limited to a specific area or aspect of the workplace e.g. fire doors

Proactive MonitoringSafety AuditsA safety audit is: A thorough, systematic and critical examination of safety management systems and proceduresIt should:Asses the quality & implementation of the safety policyIdentify potential risks and their associated control measuresAnalyse workplace activities and assess if they are being carried out safely

Proactive MonitoringSafety RepresentativesThe Safety Representatives & Safety Committee Regulations 1977

Safety Representatives may conduct inspections in the following circumstances:After substantial changes to plant and equipmentAfter substantial changes in processes or methodsFollowing notifiable accident or dangerous occurrenceFollowing notifiable disease

Proactive MonitoringSafety SurveyA safety survey is a detailed investigation of one aspect of the workplace. Could be a survey of:

Noise

Dust

Temperature

Lighting

Fumes and/or Vapours

Proactive MonitoringSafety TourA safety tour is a brief examination of one or more aspects of workplace activities: Could be conducted by a small management team to:

Display commitment to health and safetyGain familiarisation with layoutCompare theory with realityPlan future series of inspectionsMeet the staff

Proactive MonitoringSafety SamplingSafety sampling is limited to certain areas or aspects of the workplace. Could be an inspection of all:

Fire doors Prohibition signs (Red & White) Mandatory signs (Blue & White) Safety signs (Green & White) PPE Electrical portable appliances Washrooms & toilets All canteen facilities

Reactive MonitoringSomething has gone wrong. Standards have not been maintained or a control measure has failed. We are now involved with reporting of:Injuries and cases of ill healthNear-missesHazardsWeaknesses or omissions in performance standardsEnforcement action by HSE or Local Auth

Safety AuditFootball ClubConsiderations: Equipment Chemicals Traffic Buildings Fire Precautions Electricity Supply & Electrical Equipment Ground Location & Layout Visitors Labour Documentation

Safety AuditIndependent ExpertiseAn independent expert can be: Engineering Surveyors Insurance Company Staff Insurance Brokers Claims Investigators Consultants Health & Safety Inspectors Local Authority Inspectors

Inspections & AuditsPrioritising Results - Action PlanLikelihood x Severity = Risk RatingUrgent - Requiring immediate actionRoutine - Requiring action over a period of time

Football Club Urgent:Wiring for lights in the shower roomUse of equipmentFootball Club Routine:Soakaways from the showersImproved system for control of contractors

Audits & InspectionsFrequencyDepends on the workplace environment and the nature of the associated hazards. Rule of thumb:Audit - Annually or every 2 to 3 yearsInspections - More frequently (monthly or every few months)Note: Frequency should be detailed in the company safety policy

Report WritingSenior Mangers need to know what they need to do, by when & how much it will costUse executive summariesFindings linked to an action plan (SMART)Spread responsibility for actionHave an different person for each action to ensure action plan is completed & progress is monitored

Effective WritingWho will read it?What are the aims?What layout is required?What style is appropriate?What are the terms of reference?

StyleShort Sentences - KISSShort Words - No JargonActive VerbsTechnical Terms / AcronymsRepetition - AvoidVisual Aids - Charts, Graphs or PicturesExamples

DraftsBrain storm & jot down your thoughts.Expand your thoughts.Discard irrelevant issues.Read it as if you were receiving it.Read it aloud to check for tone.Simplify the content (no long words).Check all verbs - are they necessary?

Report WritingIntroduction - Your terms of reference.Summary - Short outline of important pointsMethod - What you did to comply with your terms of reference.Findings - A logical list of what you found.Conclusions - Nothing new at this stage.Recommendations - Relevant & achievable.