Unit 13: World War 2Chapter 19 and 20

Chapter 19, Section 1• Benito Mussolini- prime minister of Italy (1922-1943); helped create

idea of Fascism

• Joseph Stalin-Soviet dictator during World War 2; Stalin means “man of steel”

• Adolph Hitler- Leader of Nazi Party; becomes prime minister in 1933; takes title known as fuhrer, “leader”; take dictator role in 1934

• Nazi Party- 1919 (National Socialist German Workers’ Party); extreme nationalism, control of all industry by the state, the superiority of the Aryan race, and leadership by a dictator

• Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937-made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to countries at war, and could only sell nonmilitary supplies on a “cash-and-carry” basis

• Axis Powers- becomes official in 1940; Japan, Italy, and Germany; losing countries of WW2

Map of European Allies

Political Map of Europe• Please use the Political Map of 1939

to write down four things:1. Write down the names of the

countries located on the map2. Color the map with four things:

Axis countries 1939; Axis countries 1941; Allied Countries; Neutral countries. Don’t forget to create a key

3. Draw an arrow from Germany to the following countries and write when they were invaded: Poland, France, USSR (Soviet Union)

4. On the side of the map, list which side the following countries would be fight for during WW2: United States, China, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Canada, South Africa

Holocaust Map1. Recreate the map on page 600,

using only the countries names and number of Jews killed within that country

2. Using the map on page 609, and online sources, locate the following concentration/extermination camps:• Auschwitz-Birkenau; Belzec;

Treblinka• Ravensbruk, Bergen-Belsen;

Dachau• Natzweiler-Struthof; Jasenovac

Chapter 19, Section 2• Anschluss- “union”; political unification of Germany and Austria

• Munich Conference- September 1938; Britain, France, Italy, and Germany met to decide Czechoslovakia fate, which was given to Hitler

• Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact- Germany and the USSR signed an agreement not to attack each other for the next 10 years

• September 1, 1939- Germany invades Poland; Britain and France declare war on Germany September 3, beginning WW2

• Sitzkrieg- “sitting war”, Phony war, or Bore War; nothing much was happening in West from Sept 1939 till April 1940

• Winston Churchill- Prime Minister of Great Britain during most of World War 2

• Battle of Britain- June 1940 to October 1940; battle for air superiority between Germany and Britain over England, with the British eventually winning

Chapter 19, Section 3• Shoah- Hebrew term for Holocaust which means catastrophe, devastation, ruin, or waste• Nuremburg Laws- September 1935; these laws formed the legal basis for the Jews' exclusion from German society and set basis for further anti-Jewish laws• Gestapo- Nazi secret police responsible for helping persecute the Jewish people•Wannasee Conference and Final Solution- January 1942; Nazi’s officially establish the beginning of the full-scale, comprehensive extermination operation of the Jews

Chapter 19, Section 4

• Lend-Lease Act-allowed the United States to lend or lease arms to any nation considered vital to the defense of America• Atlantic Charter- agreement between US and Britain to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement and freedom of the seas• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor-Japanese surprised attacked the US Pacific Fleet, sinking or damaging 21 ships, 188 airplanes, and killing 2400 Americans

Chapter 20, section 1

• Selective Service and Training Act- June 1940; plan for the first peacetime draft in American history• African American and War- At beginning of war, US military was still segregated and African Americans fought bravely during the war, hoping to provide Victory abroad and victory over racism at home•Women and the War- Women were enlisted for the first time, but barred from combat and were first allowed in 1942, where the worked in administrative and clerical positions, as well as nurses

Chapter 20, Section 2• General Douglas MacArthur- commander of the Allied Forces in

the Pacific Theater• James Doolittle and Doolittle Raid- Leader of a raid in which B-

25 bombers flew to and dropped bombs on Japanese lands for the first time• Battle of Midway- turning point in the Pacific theatre; Japan

lost four large naval carriers and was now forced to be on the defensive• General George Patton- “Old Blood and Guts”; maybe best

American general in the European campaign; especially with tank warfare• Battle of Stalingrad- July 1942-February 1943; turning point in

the European campaign as Germany was stopped and put on the defensive by the USSR

Chapter 20, Section 3

• Rosie the Riveter-iconic image in a government campaign to recruit female workers for factories and shipyards• Japanese Interment Camps- around 120,000 Japanese-77,000 American citizens- were rounded up and sent to 10 interment camps located around America• Korematsu v. United States- Supreme Court ruled relocation constitutional because it was not based on race, but on “military urgency

Chapter 20, Section 4• Casablanca Conference- Roosevelt and Churchill agree to continue bombing Germany to destroy military, industry, economy, and German morale; also attack Sicily and Italy • Tehran Conference-first meeting of the Big Three: Stalin would launch full-scale invasion when Allies invaded France; break up Germany after war; USSR would help America defeat Japan after Germany was defeated• Operation Overlord- codename given for the invasion of France; General Dwight D. Eisenhower was given command• D-Day- June 6, 1944 was the date the Allied forces invaded France for Operation Overlord

Chapter 20, Section 5• Battle of the Bulge- Hitler staged one last offensive in December 1944 and would

catch the Allies temporarily by surprise, creating a bulge in the line; largest and bloodiest battle of war for USA, costing 89,000 causalities

• V-E Day- May 8, 1945; stand for “Victory in Europe

• Harry S. Truman- Roosevelt’s Vice President who becomes President; will finish out WW2, drop bomb on Japan, and begin to navigate US through post-WW2 and beginning of Cold War

• Manhattan Project and Dropping of Atomic Bomb- American program to build an atomic bomb; J. Robert Oppenheimer; America dropped two bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing Japan to surrender to the United States

• V-J Day- August 15, 1945; Japan surrenders to end WW2

• United Nations- April 1945; New world organization that would help promote peace, stability, and prosperity around the world; 5 countries would be permanent fixtures: Britain, France, China, Soviet Union, and United States

• Nuremberg Trials- Trials that took place in Germany by the International Military Tribunal (IMT) to try German leaders suspected of committing war crimes