English for Bachillerato

JJSE 2013

THE PASTS

To Be To have

('possession' or 'obligation')

All the other verbs (including 'have')

NEVER use an auxiliary

May use it Must use it

TO BE

Affirmative

I was at home.

We were hungry.

Interrogative

Were you happy? Was she a nurse?

Negative

We weren't tired.

It wasn't cold.

Short answers

Yes, she was.

No, they weren't

TO HAVE ('possession' or 'obligation')

Affirmative

I had a new pet.

She had to buy a new watch.

Interrogative

Had you enough money?

Did you have a big house?

Had we to write that? Did we have to write that?

Negative

We hadn't a computer.

They didn't have any friends.

You hadn't to study this. She didn't have to stay.

Short answers Yes, we did / Yes, we had. No, we didn't / No, we hadn't

ALL OTHER VERBS (including 'have')

Affirmative

I played the piano last week.

She had lunch at 1.

Interrogative

Did you live with your parents? Did Mary have tea or coffee?

Negative

Jane didn't learn Russian. They didn't have raw fish.

Short answers Yes, we did. No, we didn't.

Work → worked

Live → lived

Plan → planned Admit → admitted Travel → travelled

Carry → carried / Obey → obeyed

Group 1: Cut – cut - cut

Group 2: Come – came - come

Group 3: Bring – brought - brought

Group 4: Eat – ate - eaten

1. To express ACTIONS COMPLETED IN THE PAST. We must indicate when.

2. To ask about the TIME.

I met him yesterday. Pasteur died in 1895.

When did Jane arrive?

3. When we ask or mention something specific about a past event.

The train was ten minutes late. How did you get your present job? I bought this car in Montreal.

4. To express past habits.

He always carried an umbrella. They never drank gin.

PAST CONTINUOUS Remember the "equation" •Continuous = [Be + <Gerund>]

Spelling: •argue, arguing; hate, hating •hit, hitting; run, running •admit, admitting; begin, beginning •signal, signalling; travel, travelling

•He was having breakfast at seven.

For an action in progress in the past:

•When I arrived(,) he was having breakfast.

To express an action in progress interrupted by a single action:

• I was reading the newspaper when / while you were watching TV.

To express two actions in progress which become simultaneous:

Exercise 36. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past continuous tense. 1 I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Tom (come) in at 7.00. 2 When I (arrive) the lecture had already started and the professor (write) on the overhead projector. 3 I (make) a cake when the light (go out). I (have) to finish it in the dark. 4 I (not want) to meet Paul so when he entered the room I (leave). 5 Unfortunately when I (arrive) Ann (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 6 He (watch) TV when the phone rang. He (turn) down the sound and (go) to answer it. 7 He was very polite. Whenever his wife (enter) the room he (stand) up. 8 The admiral (play) bowls when he (receive) news of the invasion. He (insist) on finishing the game. 9 My dog (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt's Pekinese (attack) him. 10 When I arrived she (have) lunch. She (apologize) for starting without me but said that she always (have) lunch at 12.30.

Exercise 36. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past continuous tense. 1 I lit the fire at 6.00 and it was burning brightly when Tom came in at 7.00. 2 When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor was writing on the overhead projector. 3 I was making a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark. 4 I didn't want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I left. 5 Unfortunately when I arrived Ann was leaving, so we only had time for a few words. 6 He was watching TV when the phone rang. He turned down the sound and went to answer it. 7 He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he stood up. 8 The admiral was playing bowls when he received news of the invasion. He insisted on finishing the game. 9 My dog was walking along quietly when Mr Pitt's Pekinese attacked him. 10 When I arrived she was having lunch. She apologized for starting without me but said that she always had lunch at 12.30.