Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient...
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Transcript of Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient...
![Page 1: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e455503460f94b39c66/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 1:Psychology’s History and
Approaches
![Page 2: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e455503460f94b39c66/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e455503460f94b39c66/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Psychology’s Roots
Prescientific Psychology
• Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
• Rene Descartes
• Francis Bacon
• John Locke–Tabula Rasa (blank slate)
• Empiricism
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Psychology’s Roots
Psychological Science is Born
• Wilhelm Wundt (1879)–University of Leipzig
–Reaction time experiment
• G. Stanley Hall
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Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Structure
• Edward Titchener–Structuralism
• introspection
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Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Function
• William James–Functionalism
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Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s Function
• Mary Calkins
• Margaret Floy Washburn
• Experimental psychology
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Psychological Science Develops
• Sigmund Freud
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Psychological Science Develops
• Behaviorism–John B. Watson
• Rosalie Raynor
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Psychological Science Develops
• Behaviorism–B.F. Skinner
–“study of observable behavior”
–conditioning
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Psychological Science Develops
• Humanistic psychology–Carl Rogers
–Abraham Maslow
• Cognitive Neuroscience
![Page 12: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e455503460f94b39c66/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Psychological Science Develops
• Psychology–Science
–Behavior
–Mental processes
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Psychology’s Biggest Question
• Nature – Nurture Issue–Biology versus experience
–History• Greeks
• Rene Descartes
• Charles Darwin–Natural selection
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Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis
• Levels of Analysis–Biological
–Psychological
–Social-cultural
• Biopsychosocial Approach
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Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis
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Psychological Approaches/Perspectives
• Behavioral perspective• Biological perspective• Cognitive perspective• Evolutionary perspective• Humanistic perspective• Psychodynamic perspective• Social-cultural perspective
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Psychology’s Subfields• Psychometrics
• Basic Research–Biological psychologists–Developmental psychologists–Cognitive psychologists–Educational psychologists–Personality psychologists–Social psychologists
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Psychology’s Subfields
• Applied Research–Industrial/organizational psychologists–Human factors psychologists–Counseling psychologists–Clinical psychologists–Psychiatrists–Positive psychology–Community psychologists
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Basic Research Subfields
• Cognitive psychologists
• Developmental psychologists
• Educational psychologists
• Experimental psychologists
• Psychometric and Quantitative Psychologists
• Social psychologists
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Applied Research Subfields
• Forensic psychologists• Health psychologists• Industrial/organizational (I/O)
psychologists• Neuropsychologists• Rehabilitation psychologists• School psychologists• Sport psychologists
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The Helping Professions
• Clinical psychologists• Community psychologists• Counseling psychologists