Unit 1 Matter
description
Transcript of Unit 1 Matter
![Page 1: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 1 Matter
“If we all did the things we are capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves.”
Thomas A. Edison
![Page 2: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Matter:
• Has mass
• Takes up space
![Page 3: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What types of matter are there?
Does it matter?
![Page 4: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A grocery store is organized
![Page 5: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How is matter organized?
![Page 6: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Start like thisHow is matter organized?
![Page 7: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phases of matter
![Page 8: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Phases of matter
• Solid• Liquid• Gas
![Page 9: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Phases of matter
• Solid• Liquid• Gas
…best defined on substances—mixtures are harder to classify.
![Page 10: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Phases of matterVolume Shape
Solid Definite Definite
Liquid Definite Indefinite
Gas Indefinite Indefinite
![Page 11: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Phases of matterVolume Shape
Solid Definite Definite
Liquid Definite Indefinite
Gas Indefinite IndefiniteDepends on temperature
![Page 12: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Properties
• You can describe a sample of matter by describing its properties.
• Chemical properties describe the types of chemical reactions it can undergo.
• Physical properties are all other properties.
![Page 13: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Matter
• All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances
![Page 14: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of Matter
• All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances
• A mixture can be separated using physical changes. No new substances are formed
• A substance cannot be separated by physical means
![Page 15: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances• A substance is either an element or a
compound.
![Page 16: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances• A substance is either an element or a
compound.• An element is composed of identical
atoms• A compound is composed of atoms of
different elements chemically bonded
![Page 17: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.• An element can be a metal or a nonmetal
![Page 18: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.• An element can be a metal or a nonmetal
• Metals are on the left of the periodic chart
• Nonmetals are on the right
![Page 19: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetal• A compound is either ionic or covalent
![Page 20: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetal• A compound is either ionic or covalent• An ionic compound has a metal and a
nonmetal — an ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons
• A covalent compound has nonmetal atoms only —covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons
![Page 21: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetalA compound is either ionic or covalent• A mixture is either homogeneous or
heterogeneous
![Page 22: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetalA compound is either ionic or covalent• A mixture is either homogeneous or
heterogeneous• A homogeneous mixture is called a
solution—has the same composition throughout
• A heterogeneous mixture has chunks.
![Page 23: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetalA compound is either ionic or covalentA mixture is either homogeneous or heterogeneous
![Page 24: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TypesMatter
![Page 25: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
TypesMatter
SubstanceMixture
![Page 26: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
TypesMatter
SubstanceMixture
CompoundElement
![Page 27: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TypesMatter
SubstanceMixture
CompoundElement
Metal Nonmetal
![Page 28: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
TypesMatter
SubstanceMixture
CompoundElement
Metal Nonmetal Ionic
Molecular
![Page 29: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
TypesMatter
SubstanceMixture
CompoundElement
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Metal Nonmetal Ionic
Molecular
![Page 30: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TypesMatter
SubstanceMixture
CompoundElement
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Metal Nonmetal Ionic
Molecular
![Page 31: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What type of matter?
barium chlorine gas tin (II) chloride
sulfur dioxide water Gatorade
wood solid sulfur silver (I) oxide
air barium sulfide tossed salad
sodium oxide sulfuric acid ammonia
brass stainless steel salt water
18k gold nitrogen dioxide
![Page 32: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Physical properties
![Page 33: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Physical properties
• melting point• boiling point• shape • luster• size of pieces• crystal
structure
• hardness• malleability• ductility• density• color• mass
• volatility• state• temperature• conductivity• magnetism• volume• solubility
![Page 34: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
How would you separate…
• A mixture can be separated into its components by physical means.
• A compound can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means only
![Page 35: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
How would you separate…
…the two components of saltwater?
Contents:
Salt and water!
![Page 36: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
How would you separate…
• By evaporating or boiling off the water, leaving the salt
• The hydrogen and oxygen in H2O or the sodium and chlorine in NaCl can be separated only by chemical reactions!
![Page 37: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
How would you separate…• …answers might include…
VaporizingSortingDistillingDissolvingLiquefyingFilteringFreezing….
…all physical changes
![Page 38: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
How would you separate…
1) A solution of alcohol and water?2) Mud (water and silt)?3) A mixture of chalk dust and water?4) A mixture of chalk dust and powdered
sugar?5) Beans and rice?6) Ripe and unripe tomatoes?7) The carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide?
![Page 39: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Chemical Reactions
• When a chemical reaction occurs
new substances are formed!
![Page 40: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
For example
• Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!)
• We write:
H2O H2 + O2
![Page 41: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
For example
• Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!)
• We write:
H2O H2 + O2
“forms” “and”
![Page 42: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
For example
• Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!)
• We write:
H2O H2 + O2
Or, better yet2 H2O2 H2 + O2
![Page 43: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
For example
2 H2O2 H2 + O2
• The water is gone
• The new hydrogen and oxygen gasses have new chemical and physical properties
![Page 44: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Watch
![Page 45: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Watch
![Page 46: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Watch
![Page 47: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Watch
![Page 48: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Watch
2 H2O 2 H2 + O2
![Page 49: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
2 H2O22 H2O + O2
(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)
![Page 50: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
2 H2O22 H2O + O2
(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)
![Page 51: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
2 H2O22 H2O + O2
(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)
2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2
![Page 52: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
First rule of reactions!
• Matter is neither created, nor destroyed.
• The mass before the reaction is the same as the mass after the reaction
![Page 53: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
First rule of reactions!
• Matter is neither created, nor destroyed.
• The mass before the reaction is the same as the mass after the reaction
• This is called the law of conservation of mass
![Page 54: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
2 H2O22 H2O + O2
Reactants Products
![Page 55: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
2 H2O22 H2O + O2
(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)
Reactants Products
![Page 56: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
2 H2O22 H2O + O2
(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)
Reactants Products
![Page 57: Unit 1 Matter](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815ea2550346895dcd305a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Same atoms = same mass(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)
Reactants Products