Vernacular architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREAsst. prof. Ar.A.Sivaraman M.Arch AR6007

IntroductionVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architectureis a category ofarchitecture based on local needs, construction materialsand reflecting local traditions. At least originally, vernacular architecture did not use formally-schooledarchitects, but relied on the design skills and tradition of local builders. However, since the late 19th century many professional architects have worked in versions of the style.

It tends toevolveover time to reflect theEnvironmental,Cultural,Technological, Economic, andHistoricalcontext in which it exists. While often difficult to reconcile withregulatoryand popular demands of the five factors mentioned, this kind of architecture still plays a role in architectureanddesign, especially in local branches.

Vernacular architecture can be contrasted againstpolite architecture which is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for aesthetic purposes which go beyond a building's functional requirements. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architectureThe termvernacularis derived from theLatinvernaculus, meaning "domestic, native, indigenous"; fromverna, meaning "nativeslave" or "home-born slave".- Etymology

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecturea building designed by an amateur without any training in design; the individual will have been guided by a series of conventions built up in his locality, paying little attention to what may be fashionable.

The function of the building would be the dominant factor, aesthetic considerations, though present to some small degree, being quite minimal.

Local materials would be used as a matter of course, other materials being chosen and imported quite exceptionally.- Expert Words - Ronald W BrunskillReaderin Architecture at theUniversity of ManchesterAuthority on thehistory of architectureand particularly on Britishvernacular architecture

- Expert Words-Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World

.comprising the dwellings and all other buildings of the people. Related to their environmental contexts and available resources they are customarily owner- or community-built, utilizing traditional technologies.

All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, accommodating the values, economies and ways of life of the cultures that produce them.

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecturePaul OliverCambridge University

- Expert Words"Folk building growing in response to actual needs, fitted into environment by people who knew no better than to fit them with native feeling"

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architectureARCHITECT

-Frank lloyd wright

- Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

The termsvernacular,folk,traditional, andpopulararchitecture are sometimes used synonymously..

What Is Folk Architecture ?folk building orfolk architectureis built by "...persons not professionally trained in building arts...- Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

What Is VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE ?vernacular architectureis stillof the common peoplebut may be built by trained professionals such as through anapprenticeship, but still using local, traditional designs and materials.- Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

What Is Traditional Architecture ?Traditional architectureis architecture is passed down from person to person, generation to generation, particularly orally, but at any level of society, not just by common people.- Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

What Is Popular Architecture ?The term popular architecture is used more in eastern Europe and is synonymous with folk or vernacular architecture- Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

What Is POLITE Architecture ?Vernacular architecture can be contrasted againstpolite architecture which is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for aesthetic purposes which go beyond a building's functional requirements. - Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

NOTE:In architectural terms, 'the vernacular' can be contrasted with 'the polite', which is characterised by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated by a professionalarchitectfor aesthetic purposes which go beyond a building's functional requirements. Between the extremes of the wholly vernacular and the completely polite, examples occur which have some vernacular and some polite content,often making the differences between the vernacular and the polite a matter of degree.- Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

What Is Diff Between Vernacular And Traditional Architecture ?The vernacular architecture is not to be confused with so-called "traditional" architecture, though there are links between the two. Traditional architecture also includes buildings which bear elements ofpolite design:templesandpalaces, for example, which normally would not be included under the rubric of "vernacular.- Expert Words-Wikipedia Vernacular Architecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architecture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_architectureFolk Architecture Traditional Architecture PoliteArchitecture VernacularArchitecture

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationVernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classification

Classification Based On ENGLAND Context - Ronald W BrunskillReaderin Architecture at theUniversity of ManchesterAuthority on thehistory of architectureand particularly on Britishvernacular architecture

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationClassification Based On INDIAN Context

+AGRICULTURAL ARCHITECTUREDOMESTIC ARCHITECTUREINDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURERELIGIOUS ARCHITECTUREClassification Based On INDIAN ContextRELIGIOUS Vernacular ArchitectureVernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationAGRICULTURAL Vernacular ArchitectureDOMESTIC Vernacular ArchitectureINDUSTRIAL Vernacular ArchitectureClassification Based On INDIAN ContextComprises of the buildings designed for living (activity participated by the entire family such as eating, sitting, sleeping, storage etc,) and the ancillary buildings such as wash area, kitchens, stores etc. It also includes private houses used for domestic accommodation, rest houses and shops where domestic activities predominated over the commercial.Comprises of all the buildings which houses industrial related activities such as wind and watermill, corn and lime kilns, potteries etc.Comprises of all religious buildings such as temples, churches, mosques etc.Comprises of all the buildings of the farmstead apart from the farm house and its domestic ancillaries, stables, poultry shed, cart shed etc. Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREas a processVernacular architecture as a process

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREas a processVernacular architecture as a process

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREas a processVernacular architecture as a processTradition can be seen as a creative process through which people, as practice agents, interpret past knowledge and experiences to face the challenges and demands of the present.

The contemporary fields of anthropology, cultural geography, history & archaeology, these studies have increasingly stressed the dynamic and processional nature of tradition.

As a reference to precedent and a social construction, tradition invites commentary and interpretation and is often continuously re-negotiated, from generation to generation.

As such it allows for creativity, and for adaptations and innovations that may ultimately, when they have been socially accepted, be interrogated and be part of the tradition.

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationSurvey And Study Of Vernacular Architecture: Methodology

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classification1.Construction TechniquesComponents Of Vernacular Architecture2.Cultural Background3.Planning4.Architectural Detail5.Other Datawalling materials and construction, foundations, roofing shape, materialsGeographical location and evolutionDocumented Through Plans, Sectional Forms To Show How The Internal Arrangement Of These Buildings Are Done And How They Are Revealed On The ExteriorWindows, Staircases, External And Internal OrnamentationPlace, Time, Context, Use, User Group.

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationSTUDY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURESystematic methods in the study of Vernacular ArchitectureA complete Vernacular studyIdentify Site Building TypesPeriod Of StudyExtensive RecordingIntensive Recording Documentary Study123123Mind MapVernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationSTUDY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

Systematic methods in the study of Vernacular Architecture includes:

IDENTIFY SITE - The scope of any study must be defined clearly. Geographical area of the study should be demarcated clearly.

BUILDING TYPES Typologies in the study area to be carefully analyzed. Study starts with the analysis of a single residential unit, then to the buildings in the community, cultural and industrial use.

PERIOD OF STUDY - The time of study influences the character of the buildings. For eg: The period of study has a significant impact on the built form, architectural style etc.

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationSTUDY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREA complete Vernacular study includes operations at three levels:

EXTENSIVE RECORDING - A systematic method of recording relevant details in a superficial way. It is basically the reconnaissance survey including the visual impacts.INTENSIVE RECORDING Survey of selected examples from extensive recording based on Typologies and its significance in the study area.DOCUMENTARY STUDY includes the historic survey, archaeological survey, documentary evidences such as title deeds, revenue departments etc. Study of Exterior of the buildings Study of interior of the buildings Documentation of Tangible and Intangible character of the building

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationCultural And Contextual Responsiveness Of Vernacular Architecture: An Overview

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationCultural And Con textual Responsiveness Of Vernacular Architecture: An OverviewA Culture is a way of life of a group of people-the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept generally, without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationCultural And Contextual Responsiveness Of Vernacular Architecture: An OverviewThe way of life of building occupants, and the usage of shelters, greatly influences building forms. The size of family units, spatial usage, preparation of food, interaction of people and many other cultural considerations affects the layout and size of dwellings.

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationCultural And Con textual Responsiveness Of Vernacular Architecture: An OverviewContextual responsiveness Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationCultural And Con textual Responsiveness Of Vernacular Architecture: An Overview

Contextual responsiveness of CulturalClimate Construction, and TechnologySiteDefenseEconomicsReligionMaterialssocialClimate - Imperatives of climate as determinants of form for shelter

Materials, Construction, and Technology -Evolution of form gives way to various materials and techniques available i.e. the progressive development of the cave, to the circular hut, to the rectangular hut in its various forms.

Site - Influence of site on house form hilly terrain, ecological determinism, lack of land, etc.Defense -Tight / closed settlement patterns as a form resulting from defense-needsEconomics - Exerts constraints on house development, but does not account for house form

Religion - Anti-physical determinism (neglecting material factors) - attributes form of houses to religious or spiritual views and beliefs; orientation, plan and spatial arrangements may be affected by religious beliefs; raised on stilts or underground can also be attributed to religion

Cultural - Socio-cultural forces may include religious beliefs, family and clan structure, social organization, way of gaining livelihood, and social relations between individuals. Social organization may reflect the varying relationships between or varying needs of genders or different age-groups.

Vernacular architecture

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classificationCultural And Contextual Responsiveness Of Vernacular Architecture: An OverviewCulture also has a great influence on the appearance of vernacular buildings, as occupants often decorate buildings in accordance with local customs and beliefs.

Vernacular architectureVERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREDefinition and classification