Unit 1: Introduction to the Study of Living Things Biology: What is it all about?
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Transcript of Unit 1: Introduction to the Study of Living Things Biology: What is it all about?
A. Biology and Science1. What is biology? a. ________ - _______________. The science of life and of living organisms, including their _________, ________, _______, _______, _________, and distribution.
b. _________ – _________________________
c. _________
B. Science 1. Scientific Method = _____________________ - Basic Procedure to follow for _____________________ _________________________________________ - Scientific Inquiry begins with making ________________
2. Steps of the Scientific Method: a. State the _____________ b. Propose a _________________ Hypothesis = a ___________ about the possible answer based on previous knowledge c. ____________ ____________ = factors that are manipulated during an experiment _________________ = an experiment in which ________ ______________________ d. _____________________ e. _____________________ f. ______________________
3. Scientific Facts a. ___________ = information based on experimentation observations and tests demonstrate _______________ to the scientist b. _________ = explains a ______________, ideas about a specific situation or similar situation ex: ___________________________ Theories are changed and modified based on new scientific evidence c. ______________ = once a theory has been tested many times over many years and is ______________________ then it becomes a scientific law. ex: Law of Gravity
D. Characteristics of Life 1. Living things are _________________________________ _______________________________________________. 2. Living things are ____________________________, ____ ______________________________________________. 3. Living things _____________________. 4. Living things have a ______________________________. 5. Living things have a ____________________________. 6. Living things ___________________. 7. Living things ________________________________. 8. Living things are __________________________. 9. Living things ___________________________________.
8 & 9 are true for the species not the individual
10. ____________________?
- Viruses are like M&Ms – they have an outer candy coating and a rich chocolate center
- On a virus the outside is made of _______ and the inside is _____ or _______ - __________________________ - Viruses are ____________ – not ____________ - Viruses trick their way into cells and _________________________ _____________
1. ____________ = activity by which the organism ___________ _________________________________________________.
D. Life Processes- Also called life activities- These are the activities that all living things do to stay alive
a. ______ = the ______________ __________________ for energy, growth, repair, maintenance, and the life processes.
_____________________________________________Water, Vitamins, and Minerals
b. 3 Processes involved in Nutrition: i. ______________ = _______ of food from the environment. ii. ___________ = _________ of complex food materials into simpler forms that an organism can utilize. Digestion = __________________ iii. ____________ = _____________ of undigested materials
c. 2 Types of Nutrition:
i. ________________________ Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms ______________________________________________ ex: ___________ = Autotrophs use photosynthesis for autotrophic nutrition Carbon Dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen ______________________________________________________
ii. _________________________________ Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________. Heterotrophs use _______________________________ ex: Humans, animals, fungus, and many bacteria are heterotrophs
2. _________________
Transport is the life process by which ___________________ ________________________________________________.
Materials can either enter the cells directly or as in larger organisms materials are moved throughout the body by a circulatory system.
3. ____________________________________
Cellular Respiration is the life process of _________________ ________________________________________Food materials are broken down into energy, water, and carbon dioxide.Cellular Respiration is _________________
i. _________________________ _______________ from the environment carried by mitochondria inside the cell
ii. ____________________ ___________________________ from the environment does not use the mitochondria
iii. ____________ ATP is the _____________ made from cellular respiration All cells use ATP as their _________________________
.
4. _____________________________
i. Synthesis = ____________________________ into more _____________________________. ________________________
ii. _____________ = ________ of material into the organism's body
=.
5. _____________________
Growth is an ____________________Growth results from synthesis and assimilation
_________________________ = when cells transform to have specific jobs ex: in human growth, life starts as one cell but forms many different body parts
In most animals growth is a finite process. It has an end, but in some plants, growth has no definite end
6. ______________
Excretion is the life process of _______________________from the bodyMany different types of wastes: _________________________________________
7. _____________________
Regulation is the life process used ____________________ the organism Regulation is carried out by the _____________ and/or __________________
8. ___________________________
Reproduction is the life process by which organisms ___________________________________________
i. ______________________________ a _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ex: Clones, fission, budding vegetative propagation
ii. ________________________________ there are ________________________________________ ____________________
9. ___________________________
Metabolism is the __________________________________occurring within the cells of an organismMetabolism is _____________________________________
Metabolism involves ______________________________________________________________________________
10. __________________________
Homeostasis is the ________________________________ _____________________________Homeostasis is keeping the organism in ___________ eventhough the environment is changingUses ______________ mechanisms to help maintain a ____________________________