Unit 1 from prehistory to the middle ages

UNIT 1From Prehistory to the Middle

Ages

4th graders

(ESO)

Social Studies

Department

Almudena Corrales Marbán


VOCABULARY

DISCOVERY

REVOLUTION

NOMADIC

SEDENTARY

REALISTIC

ABSTRACT

SURPLUS

WEALTHY

AUTHORITY

MOSQUE

GUILD

CATHEDRAL

https://quizlet.com/almusociales

FIND THE

SPANISH

WORD !

1. PREHISTORY


1.1. The Stone Age



Piece of research (10-15 lines) about Homo antecessor


1.1. The Stone Age (5 000 000 B.C. – 5000 B.C.)

The Stone Age is made up of two different periods.

1. The Paleolithic period: a group of hominids slowly evolved

into human beings. They became more intelligent, starting

using language and began walking upright.

People were nomadic. They lived in caves or huts and

survive hunting, fishing and gathering food.

The most important technological advances were

the use of FIRE and the production of tools from stone and

bone.


2. The Neolithic period: agriculture appeared as human beings began

farming and keeping livestock. People became more sedentary and started

living in small villages.

They invented techniques for making stone tools (mills),

textiles, ceramic cups and bowls.

During the Stone Age, humans (homo sapiens) produced the first examples

of artistic expression.

• Cave paintings

• Sculptures made of stone and bones

1.2. The Metal Ages (5000 B.C.- 3000 B.C.)


People began using metals (bronce, then copper, and finally iron) to make

tools and weapons. This new objects became symbols of social status in

many cultures. At the same time, societies became more agressive and war-

like, and built fortifications to defend themselves from attacks. After the

invention of vehicles with wheels , trade also became more common because

it was easier to transport goods such as food.

2. ANTIQUITY


Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia Egypt

Classicalcivilisations

Greece Rome

2.1. Fertile Crescent (3000 B.C.- 30 B.C.)


Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were

urban civilisations that emerged

along the banks of rivers. In the case

of Mesopotamia along the banks of the

Tigris and Euphrates and in the case

of Egypt along the banks of the Nile.

They built the first cities.

Writing was invented:

• Clay tablets

• Papyrus

2.2. Classical civilisations (2000 B.C.-476 B.C.)


Ancient Greece and Rome developed

around the Mediterranean Sea. These

civilisations have been the classical

models for Western cultures, especially

in the areas of:

Politics

Law

Languages (Latin, Greek)

Art

The first participative governments

appeared in these civilisations:

Athens was a democracy and Rome

was a republic.

Both Greeks and the Romans

established colonies around the

Mediterranean Sea, which increased

the volume trade

3. THE MIDDLE AGES


Three great civilisations co-existed in western Asia, North Africa and Europe.

3.1. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE (476 A.D. – 1453 A.D.)

This empire emerged in the former Eastern Roman Empire, which

had resisted the invasions of Germanic tribes. The name of the empire came

from the name of its capital city -Byzantium- which was later renamed

Constantinople, and finally Istambul.


Emperor Justinian (527 -565). Mosaics of Ravena (Italy)

Hagia Sophia (Istambul)


3.2. ISLAMIC CIVILISATION(622 A.D. – 1492 A.D.)

Islamic civilisation began on the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th

century A.D. and then expanded towards India, North Africa and the Iberian

Peninsula.

The word “Islamic” comes from Islam, the name of the civilisation’s

religion. Islam was founded by the prophet Mohammed, and its followers are

called Muslims.

Piece of research (10-15 lines) about Mohammed.


3.3. CHRISTIAN EUROPE (476 A.D. – 1492 A.D.)

During the Middle Ages, Christian civilisation developed in the former

Western Roman Empire, which had collapsed after invasions by Germanic

tribes. It was a Christian civilisation because the church played a decisive role in

politics, society and culture.

The three stages in the development of Christian Europe were:

1. the rise of feudalism

2. its decline (medieval cities development) and

3. the period of economic crisis (Back Dead)


THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIEVAL CITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

European art in the Middle Ages


Romanesque style. Early Middle Ages(10th-12th centuries)

Gothic style. Late Middle Ages(12th-15th centuries)

Semicircular arches

Barrel vaults

Unit 1 from prehistory to the middle ages

Education

Transcript of Unit 1 from prehistory to the middle ages