Unit 1Fighting with the Force of Nature

Pre-reading activity

Global reading

Detailed reading

Post reading

Pre-reading activity

Debate

Background knowledge

Debate Topic: Man or Nature, which do you think is

more powerful? Man can conquer nature. The forces of nature are too powerful to be

resisted.

conclusion→Man changes nature in order to live. However, man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature. When Napoleon and Hitler realized their arrogance, it was already too late.

Background information:

1. A brief introduction to Napoleon Bonaparte

2. A brief introduction to Adolph Hitler

3. Map reading

Napoleon’s Russian Campaign, 1812

Hitler’s Russian Campaign, 1941-1944

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769−1821)

Key information: Emperor of ______ / One of the greatest____ _____of all time/ conquered thelarger part of Europe/During ________Napoleontried to gain control of the whole of Europe/ Hehad great success against all his enemiesexcept_____ because of the British_____/________ was the key battle of his failure.

The battle of Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo is the __1__ and__2__

action of the Napoleonic Wars, which

effectively ended French ___3____of the

European continent and brought about drastic

changes in the ___4__ boundaries and the

__5__ ___6___of Europe. Fought on__7___,

__8__, near Waterloo, in what is now Belgium,

the battle ranks as a great ___9___point in

__10___history.

Adolf Hitler (1889−1945):

• ______ political and military leader • one of the 20th century's most powerful dictators. • Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized

society and launched World War II in 1939. • ________-- a keystone of his propaganda and

policies • built the ____ ____ into a mass movement. • Enforce his idea of racial _____ among the German

people and slaughtered millions of____, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and many others, all of whom he considered______.

Napoleon’s Russian Campaign, 1812

Hitler’s Russian Campaign, 1941~1944

Global reading

• Part division of the Text

• True or false

• Questions and answers

• Text analysis

True or False1. “The icy defender” refers to the Russian river. ( )

2. Napoleon and his troops gained the quick victory in Russia as they had expected. ( )

3. Napoleon didn’t capture the capital of Russia.( )

4. Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that

was the largest military land campaign in history. ( )

5. German troops adopted scorch-earth policy when they entered Russia.

6. Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the strong resistance from Russian people.( )

Questions and answers• 1. What happened to Napoleon’s Grand Army

when it was retreating from Moscow?

• 2. Why didn’t the Russian people defend their homeland in the face of Napoleon’s offensive?

• 3. What tactics did Hitler use in his invasion of the Soviet Union?

• 4. What was the significance of the battle of Stalingrad?

• 5. What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleon’s and Hitler’s military campaigns?

A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions

Invading country _____ _____

Country invaded _____ _____

Starter of the war ____ _____

Starting time of invasion ____ ____

Strength of invading force ___ ____

Prediction ____ _____

Initial resistance strategy ____ ____

A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions

Capture of the Russian capital_____ _____

Major battles _____ _____

Truce offer ____ _____

Detailed Reading1. in the case of: as far as ... is concerned 至于，就…来说 e.g. The economic crisis will be disastrous in the case of small firms.2. stand / get / be in the way: prevent from doing sth. 挡道 ; 妨碍 e.g. It is difficult for teachers to make any improvement in teaching methods as the existing exam system is in the way. I don't think kids have as much fun as we used to. _________ keeps getting in the way of their development.

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Part I3. raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined,

processed, organized or analyzed adj. 阴冷的 ; 生的 ; 未加工的

e.g. The events took place on a raw February morning.

This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.

raw material –finished product

4. launch: start; send (sth.) on its course vt. 开始 ;发射

e.g. On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists______(发射世界上第一颗人造卫星。 )

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Part I 这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。5. campaign: a series of military operations or

planned activities with a particular aim n. 战役 ; 运动

e.g. Hitler's advisers tried to persuade him to avoid the risks of a winter campaign in the Soviet Union and wait until spring.

Some people complained that too much money had been spent on political campaigns.

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Part II 6. efficient: able to work well or producing a

satisfactory result without wasting time or resources adj. 效率e.g. Remote terminals in the home, connected to data banks, make the home the most efficient place to work in many cases.雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。7. conquest: conquering, defeat n. 征服 , 战胜e.g. Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple.// v. conquer/ conqueror

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Part II 8. retreat: move back or withdraw when

faced with danger or difficulty vi. 退却e.g. After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward. We adopted the following strategies: __________( 敌进我退，敌退我进） .9. be / get bogged down: be unable to make progress 陷入泥潭 ; 不有前进e.g. The U.S. government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the problem of mass unemployment.

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Part II 10. engage: begin fighting with sb.; (cause

to) take part in or do etc. v. 与…交战 ; 使从事 ; 占有 ( 时间 , 精力等 )e.g. The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately.I have no time to engage in gossip.Study engages most of the students’ time.→engage (sb.) in sth. : (cause to) take part in sth.e.g. The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation.

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Part II 11. be faced with: have to deal with 面临 ; 要

对付e.g. The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books. We were faced with an exceptionally difficult situation.12. crucial: very important (followed by to) adj. 至关重要的 e.g. Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.

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Part II 13. take a gamble: take a risk 冒险

e.g. The company_________ （冒险降低产品的价格） , and it paid off. I think she's taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.14. press on / ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (used in the pattern: press on/ahead (with sth.))( 不顾困难 ) 继续前进e.g. Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.

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Part II 15. occupation: the seizure and control of a

country or areas; (one's) trade, profession, or business. n. 占领 ; 职业 e.g. During the Japanese occupation of China, millions of innocent Chinese people we killed by Japanese soldiers. Many schools have struggled to meet the educational requirements of new technology- based occupations.16. offer a truce: offer an agreement to stop fighting

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Part II 17.bide one's time: wait patiently for a

chance 等待时机 e.g. His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies. He bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship.18. drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously 缓慢费力地走 ; 拖延 e.g. These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year. 这个会还要拖多久啊？

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Part II 19. stroke: any of a series of repeated

movements; single successful or effective action or occurrence; blow n. 一次 ; 一回 ; 一下 ; 一击 e.g. I saw a chance of solving all my problems at a stroke. He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer. He won a car in the lottery last week. That's Iris first stroke of good luck.

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Part II 20. at the cost of: with the loss of 以…为代价

e.g. Berhman saved Johnsy at the cost of his own life.The local government ________ ( 以环境为代价发展经济） .21. limp: vi. walk with difficulty, esp. when one foot or leg is hurt vi. 一瘸一拐地走 ; 跛行e.g. I injured my ankle and had to limp. adj. lacking or having lost rigidity;lacking strength or firmness 无力的，微弱的A limp handshake / opposition

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Part III 21. catch sb. off guard: take sb. by surprise

趁某人不防 e.g. The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard. The manager didn't know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard.22. instruct: give orders or directions to (sb,) (used in the patterns: instruct sb, to do sth.; instruct sb. that; instruct sb. with quote); teach (sb.) (used in the pattern: instruct sb. in /on sth.) vt. 指示 , 命令 ; 讲授

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Part III e.g. The family has instructed solicitors to

sue Thomson for compensation. The professor instructed us that we bad one month to conduct the project. He instructed family members in nursing techniques.--Stalin instructed Russian people to scorch the earth, why?--In this way, Hitler’s army couldn’t get any supply.

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Part III 23. render: cause (sb./sth.) to be in a

specified condition (same as make) vt. 使成为 ; 致使 ( 处于某种状况 ) e.g. Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake. The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours. render blow for blow 以牙还牙 render good for evil 以德报怨

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Part III 24. siege: a military operation in which an

army tries to capture a town, etc.by stopping the supply of food, etc. to the people inside n. 围困 , 包围 , 围观 e.g. We must do everything possible to lift the siege. The city was under siege for six months.25. bring to a halt: stop completely 使停止 e.g. Air traffic in Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers' strike. Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.

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Part III 26. offensive: aggressive action, attack n. 进

攻 adj. 进攻的 , 冒犯的 , 使人不快的 e.g. The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion. adj. used for or connected with attack; causing sb. to feel upset, or annoyed; very unpleasant e.g. Faced with the invasion, they took immediate offensive action. There is an offensive smell in the room.

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Part III 27. turn the tide (against): change what looks like

defeat into victory (over) 改变局势 , 转败为胜e.g. The appearance of Joan of Arc turned the tide

of war.

Soviet victory in Stalingrad turned the tide of the war in Europe.

28. thanks to: because of 由于 , 因为 e.g. Thanks to her financial support, the two

children in the remote village could go to school.

_________ ( 由于他们的不懈努力） , the performance was a great success.

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Part Ⅳ 29. reckon: count; consider; think v. 计算 ; 认

为 e.g. The existence of the U.S. is reckoned from

the Declaration of Independence.

Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.

be reckoned with: be taken into consideration

e.g. All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose.

She is a woman to be reckoned with.

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Part Ⅳ 30. toll: the number of people or animals killed or

injured in particular circumstances; money paid for the use of a bridge or road n. 伤亡人数 ;( 路 , 桥 ) 通行费 造成损失 ( 伤亡等 )

e.g. The toll of road deaths and injuries is on the rise.

The local government was allowed to charge tolls for the use of the roads.

take its / a toll: cause damage, injuries or deaths (often followed by of/ on)

e.g. The famine took a toll of 3,000,000 lives.

His hard work has taken its toll on his stomach.

Post Reading

• Homework: exercises P-P• Review key words and language points• Preview Unit 2---free writing:Write a small passage beginning with theSentence “Even if I could afford a car, I

may not actually want to drive one because…”, why?