Unit 5 – Ecology Topic 4 – Ecology. 4.1 – SPECIES, COMMUNITIES, ECOSYSTEMS.
Unit 1 – Ecology Standards
description
Transcript of Unit 1 – Ecology Standards
![Page 1: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 1 – EcologyStandards
•S7CS3. Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring,
•S7CS5. Students will question scientific claims and arguments effectively.
•S7CS6. Students will investigate the features of the process of scientific inquiry.
![Page 2: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ways of science
•Scientific method
•Ways that scientists follow steps to answer questions and solve problems
![Page 3: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ways of science•Steps in the scientific method▫Note: steps are the same; order can change
▫Question/Problem What do you want to know?
▫Research/Background info Find out more about it.
▫Hypothesis (can be redone) Develop the possible answer If _____________, then __________.
▫Experiment/Procedures Test the possible answer.
▫Analysis/Data Examine the results.
▫Conclusion Is the answer what you thought
it would be? Explain.
![Page 4: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Homework (8/18/11)
•Write out directions on how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich!
![Page 5: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Unit 1 - Ecology(Interdependence of Life
Fall 2011Mrs. Cole7th grade science
![Page 6: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Unit 1 – Ecology: StandardsS7L1 Students will investigate the diversity of living
organisms and how they can be compared scientifically.
• b. Classify organisms based on a six-kingdom system and a dichotomous key.
• S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments.
• c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species.
• e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine).
![Page 7: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Unit 1 – EcologyVocabulary
•Ecology•Biotic•Abiotic•Biome•Ecosystem•Savanna•Desert•Tundra•Taiga
•Aquatic•Tropical rain forest•Temperate
deciduous forest•Freshwater•Estuary•Marine•Swamp•Marsh
![Page 8: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BiomesABIOTIC FACTORSBIOTIC FACTORS
•Climate•Water•Sunlight•Wind•Rocks•Think…non-living things
•Plants•Animals•Protists•Bacteria•Think…all living things
![Page 9: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ecology
EcosystemBiome
•a community of organisms (living things - biotic) and their abiotic (non-living) environment
•a very large area characterized by its climate and the plants and animals that live in that area.
![Page 10: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards•S7L4 Students will examine the
dependence of organisms on one another and their environments.
•e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine).
http://www.brainpop.com/
![Page 11: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Terrestrial Biomes•Tundra
▫Climate Average yearly rainfall:
12 to 20 in (30 to 50 cm) Average temps
Daytime: 54ºF (12ºC) Nighttime: -26ºF (-15ºC)
▫Animals Caribou, oxen, reindeer
▫Plants Small shrubs and grasses Layer of soil beneath the surface that stays frozen (permafrost)
![Page 12: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Terrestrial Biomes•Taiga
▫Climate Average yearly rainfall:
15 to 30 in.(38 to 76 cm) – mostly snow Average temps
Daytime: 70ºF (21ºC) Nighttime: 20ºF (-7ºC)
▫Animals Beavers, grizzly bears, wolves
▫Plants Dense forests of evergreen trees
![Page 13: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Terrestrial Biomes•Coniferous forests
▫Climate Average yearly rainfall: 14 to 29.5 in (35 to 75 cm)
Average temps Summer: 57ºF (14ºC) Winter: 14ºF (-10ºC)
▫Animals Deer, moose, squirrels, insects
▫Plants Trees that produces seeds in cones (evergreen)
![Page 14: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Terrestrial Biomes•Temperate deciduous forests
▫Climate Average yearly rainfall: 29.5 to 49 in (75 to 125 cm)
Average temps Summer: 82ºF (28º C) Winter: 43ºF (6ºC)
▫Animals Bears, snakes, birds, insects
▫Plants Trees with leaves that change color and shed
![Page 15: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Terrestrial Biomes•Tropical rain forests
▫Climate Average yearly rainfall:
up to 157.5 in (400 cm) Average temps
Daytime: 93ºF (34ºC) Nighttime: 68ºF (20ºC)
▫Animals Most diverse Birds, reptiles, mammals
▫Plants Tall trees that form green roofs (canopy) Vines Low plants
![Page 16: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Terrestrial Biomes•Savanna
▫Climate Average yearly rainfall:
up to 59 in (130 cm) Average temps
Dry season: 93ºF (34ºC) Wet season: 61ºF (16ºC)
▫Animals Lions, elephants, zebra
▫Plants Open grasslands that dry out and turn yellow during the dry season
Very few trees
![Page 17: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Terrestrial Biomes•Desert
▫Climate Average yearly rainfall:
Less than 10 in. (25 cm) Average temps
Summer: 100ºF (38ºC) Winter: 45ºF (7ºC)
▫Animals Birds, rodents, snakes, lizard
▫Plants Plants with fleshy leaves and stems and deep roots
Waxy coating to prevent water loss
![Page 18: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards•S7L4 Students will examine the
dependence of organisms on one another and their environments.
•e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine).
http://www.brainpop.com/
![Page 19: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsMarine (Oceans) Freshwater• Intertidal
▫ Near shore▫ Organisms live in and out of
water• Coral reefs
▫ Warm, shallow area▫ Coral, sponges, sea stars
• Sargasso sea▫ Middle of the Atlantic ocean▫ Floating algae
• Polar ice▫ Around the Arctic and
Antarctica• Estuary
▫ where salt meets fresh▫ mixture
• Stream and river▫ Think ‘fast moving’
water▫ Rivers are simply
strong, wide streams• Pond and lake
▫ Enclosed body of water▫ Plants grow near the
shoreline• Wetlands (area of land
partially under water)▫ Marsh
Grasses, reeds, wild rice▫ Swamp
Trees and vines
![Page 20: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsMarine (Oceans)•Intertidal
▫Location: Found near the shore▫Type of water: Salt▫Movement of water: crashing waves; constant movement
▫Plant life: plankton▫Animal life: worms, clams, crabs
![Page 21: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsMarine (Oceans)•Coral Reefs
▫Location: warm▫Type of water: Salt▫Movement of water: steady, subtle▫Plant life: algae▫Animal life: corals, sponges, sea stars
![Page 22: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsMarine (Oceans)•Sargasso Sea
▫Location: middle of the Atlantic Ocean
▫Type of water: Salt▫Movement of water: constant, subtle
▫Plant life: algae called sargassums
![Page 23: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsMarine (Oceans)•Polar Ice (remember: ice is a form of water)▫Location: around the Arctic and Antartica
▫Type of water: Salt▫Movement of water: slow moving (lots of ice)
▫Plant life: plankton▫Animal life: polar bears, penguins
![Page 24: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsEstuary
▫Location: where fresh water spills into the ocean
▫Type of water: mixture of fresh and salt
▫Movement of water: swirling, mixing▫Plant life: plankton, grasses▫Animal life: large variety that can survive in changing concentrations of salt
![Page 25: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsFreshwater•Stream and River
▫Location: runs through land, into other streams/rivers, out to the ocean
▫Type of water: Fresh▫Movement of water: fast moving▫Plant life: large variety of plants, moss, algae
▫Animal life: fish, clams, snails, frogs, etc.
![Page 26: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsFreshwater•Ponds and Lakes
▫Location: surrounded by land▫Type of water: Fresh▫Movement of water: slower than rivers and streams
▫Plant life: cattails, rushes, algae▫Animal life: frogs, turtles, fish, snakes, clams
![Page 27: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Aquatic EcosystemsFreshwater•Wetland (marshes and swamps)
▫Location: surrounded by land▫Type of water: Fresh▫Movement of water: slow moving or stagnant
▫Plant life: grasses, reeds, wild rice, vines▫Animal life: fishes, snakes, birds, frogs, turtles
▫DIFFERENCE: swamps have trees; marshes don’t have trees.
![Page 28: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sum it all up!Terrestrial Biomes Aquatic
Ecosystems•Tundra•Taiga•Coniferous forest•Temperate deciduous forest
•Tropical rain forest
•Savanna•Desert
•Marine (Ocean)
•Estuary•Freshwater
![Page 29: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards•S7L4 Students will examine the
dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. ▫c. Recognize that changes in environmental
conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species.
![Page 30: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Environmental FactorsPollution•Garbage
▫Medical waste▫Lead paint▫Hazardous wastes
These can catch fire, eat through metals or make people sick.
![Page 31: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Environmental FactorsPollution•Chemicals
▫CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon ) Destroys the ozone layer Used in aerosols and plastics
▫PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) Poisonous and can cause cancer Used in appliances and paints
![Page 32: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Environmental FactorsPollution•High-Powered Wastes
▫Radioactive▫Nuclear plants
•Gases▫Carbon dioxide (acts like a greenhouse)
•Noise▫Constructions zones▫Can impact ability to hear
![Page 33: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Environmental FactorsResource Depletion•Renewable
▫Can be replaced at the same rate it is used
▫Solar, wind energy, water•Nonrenewable
▫Cannot be replaced OR can only be replaced over thousands of years.
▫Minerals, fossil fuels (oil and coal)
![Page 34: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Environmental FactorsOverpopulation•Number of organisms is too large for the available resources▫Human population (too many people in one area)
▫Animal population (producers versus consumers)
![Page 35: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Human interactionHow can we help?•Plant more trees and other vegetation
▫Plants provide oxygen!•Recycle, recycle, recycle•Limit use of poisonous pesticides
▫Use natural pesticides instead•Stop destruction of habitats
▫Takes away food source and living spaces
•Stop overhunting/overfishing
![Page 36: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Animal adaptationTemperature•Heat
▫Large surface area to release heat (large ears on jack rabbit)
▫Light colors to absorb heat (tan or beige coats)
▫Sleeping patterns (sleep in burrows during day; hunt at night)
![Page 37: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Animal adaptationTemperature•Cold
▫Extra layer of fat (polar bears, seals)
▫Hibernation (bears)▫Thick coat of fur (camel: remember it DOES get cold in the desert)
▫Huddling together (to conserve heat)
![Page 38: Unit 1 – Ecology Standards](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568163ef550346895dd56682/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Animal adaptationPrecipitation•Waxy leaves (to conserve water)
•Hump/storage portion of body (camel/Gila monster)
•Large root system