Unit 1
-
Upload
techbed -
Category
Technology
-
view
3.887 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Unit 1
Microprocessors and Assembly Language Programming(CS-208)
Topics:
Overview & Objectives of the Course
Introduction to Microprocessors
2
Overview & Objectives
1. Introduction to Microprocessors Working & Architecture
2. Interfacing Memory & Input/Output devices with a Microprocessor
3. Instruction Set of a Microprocessor 4. Writing Assembly Language Programs
for a Microprocessor5. Developing Microprocessor based
applications
3
Introduction : Microprocessors
CPUInput Output
Memory
Components of a Computer System
4
What is a CPU?
Central Processing Unit
CPU
Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
Control Unit
Register Memory
5
What is a Microprocessor?
It is a CPU on a single chip
Microprocessor
Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
Control Unit
Register Memory
Intel 4004
‘First single chip 4- bit microprocessor’
6
Microprocessor and its Applications
Personal ComputersConsumer ElectronicsIndustrial Process ControlAutomobilesAir Traffic Control SystemMedical Equipment
7
Microprocessor based System Design
Microprocessor
I/O Interface
I/O Devices
Memory Interface
Memory Devices
System Bus
8
What is a System Bus?
It consists of the following– Address Bus– Data Bus– Control Bus
What is a Bus?– A group of lines used to transfer bits between
microprocessor an other system components like memory and I/O devices
9
Microprocessor-based Temperature Measurement and Display System
Microprocessor
Analogto
DigitalConverter
TemperatureSensor
ProgramMemory
(ROM)RAM
System Bus
Input Port
Output Port
LCD
10
Microprocessor Structure & Operation
Three main componentsMicroprocessor
Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
Control Unit
Register Array
Performs Arithmetic and Logic operations on data
Provides necessary timing and control signals
Provides few temporary storage locations
11
Operation of a Microprocessor
A microprocessor executes instructions given by a user
User Instructions are stored in memory A microprocessor
1. Fetches instruction from memory
2. Decodes instruction (determines ACTION)
3. Executes instruction (takes ACTION)
– Repeats steps 1 2 3 for all the instructions
12
Microprocessor Evolution
1971 4004 4-bit
1972 8008 8-bit
1974 8080 8-bit
1976 8085 8-bit
1978 8086 16-bit
1979 8088 8-bit
1982 80286 16-bit
1985 80386 32-bit
1989 80486 32-bit
13
1993 Pentium 64-bit
1995 Pentium Pro 64-bit
1997 Pentium II 64-bit
1999 Pentium III 64-bit
2000 Pentium IV 64-bit
2001 Itanium 64-bit