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Transcript of Unit 1
Manpower Planning and Resourcing Unit 1
Sikkim Manipal University Page No.: 1
Unit 1 Manpower Planning
Structure 1.1 Introduction
Objectives
1.2 Effective Manpower Planning
1.3 Need for Manpower Planning
1.4 Five Steps in Manpower Planning
Evaluate Present Manpower Inventory
Manpower Forecasting
Develop a Manpower Sourcing Plan or Retrenchment Plan
Manpower Allocation & Retention
Building Requisite Competencies
1.5 Importance of Manpower Planning
1.6 Obstacles in Manpower Planning
1.7 Advantages of Manpower Planning
1.8 Successful Manpower Planning
1.9 Consolidated Demand Forecast Development
1.10 Effective Decision Making
1.11 Gaining Senior Management Support
1.12 Meeting the Organization's Goals and Objectives
1.13 Summary
1.14 Glossary
1.15 Terminal Questions
1.16 Answers
1.1 Introduction
According to Eric W. Vetter, manpower planning is a very vital process
where the management determines how the organization should move from
its present manpower position to a desired manpower position. According to
Stainer, manpower planning may be defined as a strategy for the
procurement, development, allocation and utilization of an enterprise‟s
human resources.
We all know that organizations are made up of people. Manufacturing
industries need people to operate machines, maintain machines and ensure
desired output quality. Service industries need people to serve customers.
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People are the most important part of any organization. It is the people
working in an organization who individually and collectively contribute to the
achievement of the business objectives. One cannot ever overstress the
importance of people to make an organization successful. Manpower
planning managers need to estimate the total number of resources required
for each position or job role correctly. This is no easy task. If you are the
manpower planning manager, you may not know so many things that will
unfold over the course of the year at the beginning of the year like:
How many people will get promoted?
How many people will attrite?
How many people are additionally required to expand the business?
Which part of the business will grow by what percentage?
Which part of the business will decline by what percentage?
Which specific skills sets are going to be short in the market?
Will the manpower budget be adequate?
Manpower planning managers need to estimate the requirement as close to
reality as possible and also ensure hiring for the job role requirements in the
shortest possible time so that the business is not impacted negatively due to
the shortage or absence of resources. And this is what makes manpower
planning an interesting subject.
Definitions
According to K. F. Turkman manpower planning can be defined as an
attempt to match the supply of people with the jobs available in an
organization. Statistical techniques have been used to match the supply of
people with the jobs available.
Bruce Coleman has defined manpower planning has been defined as “the
process of determining manpower requirements and the means for meeting
those requirements in order to carry out the integrated plan of the
organization”.
The website www.businessdictionary.com defines manpower planning as:
“Estimating or projecting the number of personnel with different skills
required over time or for a project, and detailing how and when they will be
acquired.”
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A business definition according to www.bnet.com for manpower planning is
“The development of strategies to match the supply of workers, and the
availability of jobs at organizational, regional or national level.”
Objectives
After studying this unit you will be able to:
Describe the need for manpower planning
State the steps in manpower planning
Summarize the obstacles of manpower planning
Recognize a consolidated demand forecast for manpower
1.2 Effective Manpower Planning
Effective manpower planning is hiring the right number of people and the
right kind of people at the right place and at the right time for doing the right
things. Effective manpower planning helps in achieving the goals and
objectives of the organization.
The concept of manpower implies that employees are resources for
employers. Employees can also be called as „human capital‟. In other words
they add economic value to an organization.
Whether an organization is manufacturing aeronautical equipment, or selling
automobiles, textiles, cosmetics, footwear, computers, or the latest electrical
gadgets, it needs manpower to be successful at whatever it is doing.
Organizations need employees with a certain level of confidence,
competence, training and expertise. Manpower cannot be easily replaced or
substituted in any form or manner.
Let me just pause here for a minute and ask a question. What is it that
makes a human being unique? The answer is quite simple. It is because
each person is an individual and no two people are the same, yes not even
identical twins. They are also different. They are different in their outlook,
their behavior, their thinking, creativity, motivation, enthusiasm,
assertiveness, judgment, intelligence etc. Human beings alone have the
ability to think, grow, feel, show pleasure at achievements, show displeasure
or dissatisfaction etc. All other resources are passive and have no reactions.
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Therefore, effective manpower planning is hiring the right number of people
and the right kind of people at the right place and at the right time for doing
the right things.
1.3 Need for Manpower Planning
Every business requires investments of funds. The art of maximizing returns
from such investments within the framework of law and ethics requires the
right numbers of people are available for the open positions at the right time,
at the right place with the right competencies, attitude and values for doing
the right things.
Imagine your business need 1000 people, and your business always has
300 less resources than required in most months. Will your organization be
able to achieve the goals and objectives it set out at the beginning of the
year? If it does not achieve the goals and objectives planned, it will not be
able to generate the returns the management of the company has made to
its shareholders or directors or investors. If the business is not able to build
and maintain its credibility with various stakeholders, the business starts to
fail.
Similarly if your business needs 1000 people and your business is always
overstaffed by 300 resources then the cost of the additional manpower, the
infrastructure cost for the additional manpower and management costs for
the additional manpower eats away into the profitability of the business,
hence the need for manpower planning.
Manpower planning is done to ensure the health of the business, credibility
of the business and growth of the business. Manpower Planning is thus
helpful to organization in the following manner:
Shortages and surpluses can be identified so that quick action can be
taken wherever required.
All the recruitment and selection programs are based on manpower
planning.
It helps to reduce the labor cost too as excess staff can be identified and
thereby overstaffing can be avoided.
It also helps to identify the available talent in an organization and
accordingly training programs can be drawn out to develop the talent
required.
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It helps in the growth and diversification of a firm or an organization.
Through manpower planning, human re-sources/man/employees can be
readily available and they can be utilized in the best manner.
It helps the organization to realize the importance of manpower
management which ultimately helps in the stability of an organization.
Self Assessment Questions
1. Manpower planning may be defined as a ____________ for the
procurement, development, allocation and utilization of an enterprise‟s
human resources.
2. Effective manpower planning is hiring the right __________ of people
and the right kind of people at the right place and at the right time for
doing the right things.
1.4 Five Steps in Manpower Planning
Manpower planning requires that an estimate of the present and future
needs of the organization should be compared with the available manpower
and future predicted manpower. Appropriate steps are then taken to bring
demand and supply into balance. The outcome of this planning is a well
'thought out' and logical manpower demand plan for varying dates in the
future which can then be compared with the crude manpower supply
schedules. The comparisons will then indicate what steps should be taken
to achieve a balance. The 5 steps in the manpower planning process are:
Evaluate present manpower inventory
Manpower forecasting
Develop a manpower sourcing plan or retrenchment plan
Manpower allocation
Building requisite competencies
1.4.1 Evaluate Present Manpower Inventory
It is very important to evaluate the present manpower status before making
a forecast for future manpower planning. To evaluate the present manpower
status a department by department analysis and a job-role by job-role
analysis is conducted to arrive at the required manpower versus the
available manpower. This is accumulated across the organization at
different levels and departments. The final report will consolidate and state
the required manpower versus the available manpower in terms of the
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quantitative analysis. Another analysis on the qualitative side conducted
similarly shows the competencies required versus competencies available
for each of the job roles. This provides the present manpower inventory.
There may be excess or deficit or in extremely few cases just the right
number quantitatively. The report on the qualitative front may rarely have a
100% match between required competencies versus available
competencies.
1.4.2 Manpower Forecasting
Manpower planning is done based on the manpower forecasts. The
common manpower forecasting techniques are:
(i) Expert Forecasts: This includes formal expert surveys, informal
decisions and the Delphi technique.
(ii) Trend Analysis: Manpower needs can be seen through the past
practice of the firm or organization keeping the principle year as a basis
and a central tendency of measure
(iii) Work Load Evaluation: This depends on the nature of the work load in
a branch, department, or a division in a firm or organization.
(iv) Work Force Evaluation: As production and the time duration are to be
kept in mind, allotments have to be made for getting the total
manpower requirements.
(v) Other Methods: A few mathematical models with the help of computers
are also used to forecast manpower needs.
You will learn more about forecasting in unit 2.
1.4.3 Develop a Manpower Sourcing Plan or Retrenchment Plan
Once the current inventory is compared with the future manpower forecasts
then the manpower sourcing or retrenchment plan is drawn.
The sourcing plan includes recruitment, selection, placement, hiring
temporary staff and outsourcing. You will learn more about the sourcing plan
in unit 6.
The retrenchment plan involves sending show-cause notices to bottom
performers called bottom scraping, asking people to leave the organization
by providing the requisite severance allowance, allowing employees to go
on a sabbatical and finally out-placing employees in other organizations to
reduce the manpower. It is harder to retrench manpower. The need for
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retrenchment could also be minimized by very objectively approving any
additional manpower.
1.4.4 Manpower Allocation & Retention
Manpower allocation helps in managing the impact of deficits and excess in
manpower supply through promotions, transfers and job-rotations.
Enhancing manpower utilization requires managing the dynamics of
leadership and motivation.
Manpower retention would mean taking necessary steps to ensure that the
organization provides a conducive-atmosphere to the employees to perform
and keeps each employee engaged.
1.4.5 Building Requisite Competencies
Once the future manpower forecasts are compared to the current inventory,
there may be some gaps in competencies amongst the available internal
resources for them to qualify for the future manpower forecasts. In such
cases organizations may choose to develop resources through training
programs. A training calendar is designed to ensure competencies of
existing staff are enhanced to meet the future manpower forecasts.
Additional training programs may be designed when organizations are
diversifying or expanding. Training programs may be designed to train
existing resources on the latest improvements and advancements in
technology or the related business subject. Training is provided to improve
the knowledge, skill and capability of the employee.
Self Assessment Questions
3. Manpower allocation is a step in the __________ planning process.
4. Expert forecasts and trend analysis are two types of _____________
techniques.
5. ________ and ________ can be identified and quick action can be
taken in planning.
6. Manpower planning reduces ______ costs as excess staff can be
identified thereby avoid _______.
1.5 Importance of Manpower Planning
The main purpose of manpower planning is to increase the productivity of
the organization and the total value created by the organization in a given
unit of time. It could be a month, quarter, half year or the year. This enables
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the business to become profitable and increases the profit margin. All the
business plans can be achieved only by manpower planning. Else business
plans will never turn into a reality. Manpower planning is done for:
Successful execution of plans
Efficient utilization of resources
Motivating employees
Better human relations
Higher productivity
1.6 Obstacles in Manpower Planning
The major obstacles in manpower planning are as follows:
Non Optimal Utilization of Manpower
The biggest obstacle for manpower planning is the fact that organizations
cannot optimally use their manpower once manpower planning begins.
During manpower planning, the number of resources required for a job is
decided based on the total work load, the process to be followed and the
criticality of the job. Once the analysis is done, it is decided that one person
can only handle a certain portion of the workload and hence for any
additional workload, additional resources need to be hired proportionately.
Over a period of time, the total workload may change, the processes may
change, the criticality of the job may change and new technological
innovations may make the job far easier to accomplish. However when the
same employees are asked to step up the productivity, they resist accepting
any additional workload and resist even deployment of new technology,
hence making it hard for the management to maximize the use of their
manpower. This makes the organizational processes ineffective or inefficient
and hence the organization as a whole becomes ineffective or inefficient
and loses out to competition which may be able to remain lean in terms of
number of resources and highly effective and efficient.
Absenteeism
Every organization has witnessed an increase in absenteeism. This has
lead to errors creeping in the manpower planning exercise. If the plan stated
that 4 employees are required to manage the total workload, increased
degree of absenteeism leads to the partial failure of the manpower planning
exercise.
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Lack of Employable Labor
People are not employable. The slow pace of acquiring business required
competencies by people at large also result in low employee productivity. All
manpower planning is done basis a certain productivity level considered as
a benchmark. And low productivity has negative implications for manpower
planning.
Modern Manpower Control and Review Processes
Any increase in manpower is to be approved by the top most levels of
the management today.
Manpower budgets created on the basis of manpower planning act as
control mechanisms to keep the manpower cost and headcount under
certain defined limits.
Usually the productivity of any organization is calculated using the
formula: Productivity = Output / Input.
Example: 5 products are sold during the day/ 8 hours of effort put in
during the day. i.e., the sales productivity of the employee is
5 products per day.
But a rough guide of employee productivity used today is: Employee
Productivity = Total Production / Total no. of employees
Example: 50 products are sold during the day/12 employees were
responsible for selling 50 products during the day. i.e., the sales
productivity of each employee is 4.17 products per day.
The rate of manpower turnover, exit interviews and absenteeism are
sources of measuring dissatisfaction level of manpower. To eliminate
employee dissatisfaction and to ensure better utilization of resources a
study of the reasons causing the dissatisfaction level is required.
Overtime is paid to employees due to real shortage of manpower,
inefficient management or improper utilization of manpower. Manpower
planning requires a study of the overtime statistics.
The current pace at which business is done today is very fast. Many
organizations either do not have data or are overwhelmed with data. Non
availability and non utilization of the data are also reasons for complicating
the situation. In some organization even the existing technologies available
for manpower planning are not optimally used. This also creates obstacles
in manpower planning.
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Example: Business Scenario for Obstacles in Manpower Planning
(Lack of employable labor)
The entire BPO industry is suffering with this scenario of lack of employable
labor.
In a dynamic business scenario, manpower planning is critical to
organizational growth and stability. It is integral to recruiting, retaining,
retraining and redeployment of talent. Linked to business needs of the
organization, the process of manpower planning is much more complicated
than it seems. Manpower planning involves developing skills and
competencies of existing employees to meet market demands which can
change with time. Manpower planning also requires having a contingent
plan in place in case of any eventuality (talent shortage).
Out of every 100 candidates interviewed only 10 of them are employable.
Majority of them are unemployable by the BPO industry. It‟s a known fact in
the BPO industry. The manpower planning exercise requires BPO
companies to budget for travel to the interiors of the state, travel to other
states. It also needs to budget for providing new joiners with relocation
allowance. It has to make provision for some joining bonuses as well when
the hiring by all companies was at its peak. It decided to lower the level of
hiring and spend additional time on training candidates. It needed to engage
external organizations to evaluate the voice and accent capability or the
potential of the candidate in order to validate its own findings with that of an
independent agency, so that no potential candidate was rejected and no
candidate who was not trainable was hired.
The manpower planning required inclusion of non standard practices to
ensure that the hiring targets were met so as to ensure that migration of
client business processes from other countries to India was as per
committed timelines.
In fact some of the BPO‟s in India also have operations in countries like
Philippines. Due to the inability of the India BPOs to hire in some cases,
work is split up between India and Philippines.
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1.7 Advantages of Manpower Planning
Manpower planning ensures maximum utilization of available resources. It
foresees not only the required number and type of employees, but it also
determines a plan of action.
The major advantages of manpower planning are:
Optimum use of human resources currently employed.
Reduced manpower costs.
Drives optimal productivity of employees which is beneficial both for the
organization and the nation at large.
Keeps the business profitable and afloat.
Provide controls to ensure necessary resources are available as and
when required.
Brings about fast economic developments.
Ensures smooth organizational functioning post major expansion or
retrenchment.
Avoid build up of unnecessary employees and back up employees as
there is a cost attached to manpower.
Avoid unnecessary dismissals of employees.
Helps in estimating salary costs and providing better benefits.
Creates a healthy atmosphere of encouragement and motivation in the
organization.
Facilitates building competencies in the organization through training and
development programs.
Training activities becomes sharply focused.
Enables employees to move to jobs for which their competencies are
best suited.
Creates a career path for employees to get promotions.
Activity 1:
Meet 2-3 employees of 3 BPOs. Ask these employees how many times,
they have been asked to work overtime. What kinds of incentives are
offered to work over time? Do employees really like to work over time or
would they prefer their weekends or holidays instead?
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1.8 Successful Manpower Planning
Successful manpower planning involves only two critical steps.
1. Estimating the demand forecast for manpower accurately
2. Ensuring the supply forecast for manpower meets the demand forecast
Implementation of the five steps in manpower planning described in unit 1.4
in letter and spirit makes the manpower planning successful.
Sometimes department managers or leaders wish to increase their span of
control and hence they project a higher requirement for resources than
required. They also undertake one time assignments that would require a
higher requirement for resources. But on completion of the one-time
assignment they do not let go of these additional resources. The personal
benefit to the leader in the short term is that their CV becomes impressive
due to the huge span of control but over the long term the organization
needs to bear the consequences of living beyond its means. That means,
the organization has a manpower bill which may be as high as 82% of its
overall revenue. This is acceptable in any business because there are other
costs apart from manpower costs and this would mean the business is
making losses as the expenditure far exceeds revenues.
Successful manpower planning is when the manpower costs are closely
following industry benchmarks if not beating them. The outcome of
successful manpower planning is all positions are filled as per the
requirement plan.
Self Assessment Questions
7. The main purpose of manpower planning is to increase the _________
of the organization and the total value created by the organization in a
given unit of time.
8. Non Optimal Utilization of Manpower is one of the ______________ in
manpower planning.
9. Optimum use of human resources currently employed is one of the
major ______________ of manpower planning.
1.9 Consolidated Demand Forecast Development
The manpower planning function conducts an orientation program for the
representatives of all the departments including the HR department. As per
the guidelines issued, the representatives of the different departments
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develop the manpower demand forecast. This demand forecast is then sent
by the representatives of each of the departments to the department head
for approval. The department ahead approves the demand forecast based
on the business needs and the budgets available. The department head
may consult the compensation and benefits team to understand the salaries
or the cost to the company for employees at different levels. Once the
department head approves the demand forecast which can be met from a
budgetary perspective, then the demand forecasts are forwarded to the
manpower planning function. The manpower planning functions
consolidates the demand forecast for manpower received from different
departments. Figure 1.1 illustrates the consolidated demand forecast
development.
Fig. 1.1: Consolidated Demand Forecast Development
1.10 Effective Decision Making
The manpower planning exercise facilitates effective decision making to
take place. All decision making becomes relatively easy when the relevant
data is available. Analysis of the data itself provides inferences and guides
the decision making process. The historical demand forecast and the supply
forecast is reviewed apart from the forecast for the current period and the
future. Learning from the previous manpower demand forecasting exercises
are incorporated in generating the demand forecast for the current period
and the future.
Department representatives are sometimes asked to come back with a
revised manpower demand forecast which needs to be about 20% lower
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than the provided demand forecast. This forces the representatives to think
out of the box to cut down the demand forecast. Usually this happens by
departments identifying the non value-added tasks that were being
performed by different people in the department. The processes are
redrafted to eliminate non value-added tasks; this reduces the total workload
across the department and hence allows for reduction of manpower demand
forecast.
Additionally some companies insist that the demand forecast should be
provided month wise. Should the manpower not be recruited within that
month or the quarter even when additional workload has been created, then
those manpower requirements lapse. This is because the department has
possibly found a way to work without the resource requirement forecasted
earlier. In this manner, organizations ensure the actual manpower level
remains lesser than the demand forecast levels if there is no negative
impact to the business.
We all would have heard that work stretches itself to fit into the available
time frame. If a person is provided 20 minutes to send an email with some
information, it is usually sent within 20 minutes. If a person is provided 1 day
to send an email with some information, it usually is sent just 20 minutes
before the 1 day ends.
Therefore manpower planning exercises engage employees in some
effective decision making for generating demand forecasts.
1.11 Gaining Senior Management Support
Sometimes the department representatives generate a demand forecast but
do not have the underlying assumptions ready for discussion or have not
generated the demand forecast by calculating the workload and hence the
estimated time and resources required. When they seek an approval from
the senior management to forward such a demand forecast to the
manpower planning function, the department heads ask many questions.
If the questions of the department head are not answered satisfactorily then
the department head does not approve the demand forecast. In some other
cases, the number of questions asked is so many and so fundamental that
the representative along with the department managers may withdraw a part
of the demand made initially.
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Hence when generating a demand forecast each manpower requirement
must be generated after due consideration to all possible questions that
maybe asked. Proper justification can be kept ready for gaining the senior
management support. Once the representatives undergo this exercise two
or three times then it becomes easy to gain the support of the senior
management because they understand the preparation required for
generating the demand forecast for manpower.
1.12 Meeting the Organization’s Goals and Objectives
All the checks and balances are built into the manpower planning process
such that it enables the organization to meet its goals and objectives. The
biggest enemy of a business is cost. However, every business needs to
convert this enemy „cost‟ into their friend by being frugal, intelligent in
designing processes with only value added activities, carefully in accepting
responsibilities that fall outside the scope of their defined work. This does
not mean that no will take responsibility for undertaking the out of scope
task. It just means the clients will be approached and told that as per the
contract signed with the organization; these tasks expected by them from
the service provider are out of scope. They could be considered to be
included in the scope for a consideration which will be treated as a new
business opportunity and a fresh presentation will be made and quote
provided for undertaking the activity. This ensures the clients do not receive
any free services and the client is charged only for what they want. It‟s a
win-win for both the client and the service providing organization. Both
organizations are able to meet their respective goals and objectives.
Activity 2:
Read the article on manpower planning in railways written by
Mr. M. K. Durgamani dated 26th April 2009, posted on the
website www.articlesbase.com.
Link http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/manpower-
planning-in-indian-railways-886371.html.
Self Assessment Questions
10. __________ generate the demand forecast based on the business
need and the guidelines provided.
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1.13 Summary
Manpower planning is a very vital process where the management
determines how the organization should move from its present manpower
position to a desired manpower position. Manpower planning may be
defined as a strategy for the procurement, development, allocation and
utilization of an enterprise‟s human resources. Human beings alone have
the ability to think, grow, feel, show pleasure at achievements, show
displeasure or dissatisfaction etc.
There are five steps in the manpower planning process. They are:
Evaluate present manpower inventory
Manpower forecasting
Develop a manpower sourcing plan or retrenchment plan
Manpower allocation
Building requisite competencies
The main purpose of the manpower planning is to increase the productivity
of the organization and the total value created by the organization in a given
unit of time.
The major obstacles in manpower planning are non optimal utilization of
manpower; absenteeism; lack of employable labor; and modern manpower
control and review processes.
Successful manpower planning involves only two critical steps. Estimating
the demand forecast for manpower accurately and ensuring that the supply
forecast for manpower meets the demand forecast.
1.14 Glossary
Term Description
Attrite Employees leaving the organization are said to be attritions. Employees attrite from an organization.
Competency Competencies are the measurable or observable knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviours (KSABs) critical to successfully perform a job.
Demand Forecast
Estimate of expected demand for a product, service or resource over a specified future period.
Forecasting Forecasting is estimating the value of a variable/s at some future point in time.
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Manpower Inventory
The term inventory is often used in relation to counting of physical objects like raw materials, work in progress, finished products etc. It may also include the qualities and the abilities of persons working a company and is then called as manpower inventory.
Procurement The process of acquisition of goods or services required for a company or a person is called procurement.
Retrenchment A cutting down or cutting back of manpower in this context. Reduction of manpower in this context.
1.15 Terminal Questions
1. Explain effective manpower planning.
2. Describe the 5 steps in manpower planning.
3. List the obstacles in manpower planning.
4. Highlight 4-5 key advantages of manpower planning
1.16 Answers
Answers to Self Assessment Questions
1. Strategy
2. Number
3. Manpower
4. Forecasting
5. Shortages, Surpluses
6. Labor, Overstaffing
7. Productivity
8. Obstacles
9. Advantages
10. Department representatives
Answers to Terminal Questions
1. Refer section 1.2
2. Refer section 1.4
3. Refer section 1.6
4. Refer section 1.7
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Mini Case - Keeping Good People: Staffing
Given the current labor market, the costs of recruiting and hiring are
becoming more apparent than ever to organizations. After going through the
difficulty of attracting and hiring talented people, businesses do not want to
lose them to competitions. Difficulty is staffing has created an emphasis on
retaining human resources.
Applied Industries Technologies, a Cleveland-based business, has taken
steps to reduce turnover. Specifically, they have made self-fulfillment - the
process of helping each person reach their full potential - a central value in
the organization. According to CEO John Dannemiller, the company views
its self-fulfillment mission as important as salary and benefits in motivating
talented employees. He attributes a doubling in revenues over the past eight
years and a turnover rate below the industry average to self-fulfillment
programs. Here is a summary of Applied Industrial‟s self-fulfillment strategy:
The company commits to 40 hours of training each year-a significant
amount.
Applied Industrial conducts regular leadership and personality testing.
The test results are used to identify areas of personal improvement and
to measure growth.
The company offers reading lists of management books.
Employees are reimbursed for education expenses.
(Source: Dannemiller, J. C. (1998). How we keep good people. Across the
Board, 35, 21.)
Case Study Questions
1. Assume that you are Applied Industrial Technologies manager working
to orient and hire new employees.
a) How would you orient an employee who accepts a position at
Applied but does not care about the self improvement program? So
far, the employee has met job requirements but does not exceed
higher than the job requirements.
b) What steps could you take in selection to assess whether prospects
would respond effectively to the self-fulfillment program? (Hint: As a
start, consider individual characteristics that might affect a
prospect‟s response to this type of program).
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2. Applied Industrial views its self-fulfillment programs as a retention effort.
It is also a recruitment tool? What, if any, do you think are the differences
between tactics designed to improve retention versus those designed to
improve attraction and recruitment?
Hint:
1. a) By genuinely questioning how much am I interested in my personal
and professional growth in terms of competencies, position and most
of all the respect I get from all stakeholders.
b) Hire people who are keen to learn. Their goal for learning should
supersede their other goals.
2. Retention is attracting at an internal level, recruitment is attracting at an
external level.
Recommended Reading
Prakash A. V. (2000). Manpower Planning and Development. India: ABD
Publishers.
Details of these books are available at www.sapnaonline.com and
www.infibeam.com.
References
Books
Rao S. P. (2010). Personnel and Human Resource Management.
Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House
Tripathi P. C. (2009). Human Resource Development. New Delhi:
Sultan Chand and Sons
Mahapatro B. B. (2010). Human Resource Management. New Delhi:
New Age International Publishers
Aggarwala D. V., (2008) Manpower: Planning, Selection, Training and
Development. India: Deep and Deep.
E-references
http://www.managementstudyguide.com/manpower-planning.htm
(Retrieved on 13 May 2010)
http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/9-12-2004-59200.asp
(Retrieved on 13 May 2010)
http://www.chrmglobal.com/Replies/1680/1/Manpower-planning.html
(Retrieved on 13 May 2010)