UNIT 0 – ANCIENT ROME

   • Where: Rome was located on the banks of the River Tiber, in present-day Italy.    • When: It was in the 8th century B.C. when the city of Rome was founded.Before the foundation there were three important people on the peninsula:    • Etruscans    • Latins    • GreeksTHE LEGEND: Legend says that Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, two twins sons of the god Mars, raised by a wolf.

THE ORIGINS

2. PHASES IN ANCIENT ROME

a. MONARCHY: (753 BC - 509 BC)b. REPUBLIC: (509 BC - 27 BC)c. THE EMPIRE (27 BC - 476 AD)

a. MONARCHY: (753 BC - 509 BC)

Once founded, it was invaded by the Etruscans whose government was a monarchy.Until the last Etruscan king was expelled from the throne in 509 B. C.

LEGEND: What does the legend tell about the foundation of Rome?

2. PHASES IN ANCIENT ROMEb. REPUBLIC: (509 BC - 27 BC)- POLITICS: Without kings, were the citizens who elected their rulers.

Power institutions:1. Popular Assemblies: formed by citizens, voted

laws and elected magistrates2. Magistrates: They held political positions,

were elected for once a year. They were the consuls, praetors and censors.

• Consuls: they ruled over the army and proposed laws.

• Praetors: they administered justice and could govern the provinces.

• Censors: they prepared the census or lists to collect taxes or for the army.3. Senate: Formed by former magistrates

(senators). In practice they were the ones with more power.

2. PHASES IN ANCIENT ROMEb. REPUBLIC: (509 BC - 27 BC) THE ROMAN EXPANSIONDuring the republic, Rome occupied the entire Italian peninsula and began to expand abroad.

Throughout the Mediterranean: Its main rival was Carthage, a Phoenician colony in North Africa. After the two Punic wars, Carthage became another Roman province in 146 BC.

Control of the Iberian Peninsula: Between 218 b. C. and 19 b. C. (almost 200 years) the Peninsula was conquered.

After all the conquest, the Mediterranean was called Mare Nostrum

2. PHASES IN ANCIENT ROMETHE ROMAN EXPANSION

2. PHASES IN ANCIENT ROME

b. REPUBLIC: (509 BC - 27 BC)The end of the republic: The army was gaining prominence and it was one of its generals, Julius Caesar, who seized the government of Rome starting THE EMPIRE.

2. PHASES IN ANCIENT ROMEc. THE EMPIRE (27 BC - 476 AD)The Empire began on 27 a. C. when the Senate gave to Octavio (adopted son of Julio César) all the powers, which was renamed OCTAVIO AUGUSTOHighlights:A The PAX ROMANA (27bc-180ad): ◦ time of peace, social, political and economic stability that lasted until the second century. The powerful Army guaranteed it.B Territorial conquests: ◦ The Empire reached the maximum extent reaching up to:              ▪ By the north: Great Britain, the Rhine and the Black Sea              ▪ To the west: Iberian Peninsula              ▪ By the east: Until the Tigris in Asia              ▪ By the south: Until the SaharaC The crisis of the third century: ◦ crisis motivated by:              ▪ Corruption              ▪ The attacks of the northern barbarian peoples              ▪ The increase in taxes              ▪ The expensive maintenance of communications

2. PHASES IN ANCIENT ROMEc. THE EMPIRE (27 BC - 476 AD) End of the Empire: The year 395 d. C., Emperor Theodosius divided the empire into two parts: ◦Roman Empire of the West: For his son Honorio and with capital in Rome. ◦Roman Empire of the East: For his son Arcadio and with capital in Constantinople.

End of the Roman Empire of the West: year 476 BC when the Germans from the north they reached Rome.

ACTIVITIES!!

1)LEGEND: What does the legend tell about the foundation of Rome?

2)What differences exist between a monarchy and a republic?

3) Indicates the functions of the popular assemblies, each one of the magistrates and the senate.

4)Write in your notebook the name of the Roman provinces that occupied the Iberian Peninsula.

5)In addition to the Roman theater in Zaragoza, do you know any other Roman remains in Spain?

1) Make a time axis with the main landmarks of the history of Rome since its foundation (in common)

2) What was the crisis of the third century?

3) Who divided the Roman Empire in 395? How was it distributed?

4) Look for the map of the maximum Roman expansion. Compare with an atlas which are the current countries that occupied the provinces of Mauritania Tingitana, Dalmatia, Galatia, Aquitaine and Britania.