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6/24/2014
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Unique Water Quality Challenges of the Sheyenne River:Unique Water Quality Challenges of the Sheyenne River: A Comparative Pilot Study of Three MF/UF Systems
Qigang Chang, PhD, PE, AE2STroy Hall, Fargo Water Utility Director
Co-authors: Brian Bergantine Scott Freeman Bo Johnston Mark Peterson and Dave Buchholz
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Brian Bergantine, Scott Freeman, Bo Johnston, Mark Peterson, and Dave Buchholz
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Project Background
• MF/UF Pilot Study– Pilot Study Setup– Pilot Study Findings
K D i P t
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• Key Design Parameter Evaluation
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Fargo Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in operation since 1912
INTRODUCTION TO FARGO WTP
Current WTP completed in 1997 with a capacity of 30 million gallons per day (mgd) Lime softening treatment plant
Built to meet primary drinking water regulations
Utilizes additional treatment technologies to provide aesthetically pleasing water
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Expandable to 45 mgd
Does not remove sulfates
WTP utilizes multiple
Lake AshtabulaFargo’s Appropriation35,880 Acre-Feet
FARGO SOURCEWATER SUPPLIES
WTP utilizes multiple water sources Recommended by
Professional Organizations
Redundancy for water quality variations
Drought and water shortage preparedness
Red RiverFargo’s Appropriation109,500 Acre-Feet
Sheyenne RiverFargo’s Appropriation7,000 Acre-Feet
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Manage treatment operations
Minimize chemical use and cost
Control taste and odor events
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D il L k t h
IMPACT FROM DEVILS LAKE
Devils Lake water has high concentrations of TDS:
Sulfate
Bromide
Hardness
Discharges from
1984
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Devils Lake elevate concentrations of these component in the Sheyenne River
2010
Devils Lake water has high concentrations of total
Devils Lake and Devils Lake and Sheyenne River Water Quality Sheyenne River Water Quality
Devils Lake water has high concentrations of total
dissolved solids (TDS). Components problematic for
drinking water treatment include:
Sulfate
Bromide (Bromate byproduct of ozonation)
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Hardness
Discharges from Devils Lake elevate concentrations of these component in the Sheyenne River
6
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- Negative impact to taste- Laxative effect on consumers - Negative impact to taste- Laxative effect on consumers
SULFATE IN DRINKING WATER
• EPA Secondary Standard for Sulfate = 250 mg/L
• North Dakota Department of Health Recommends < 250 mg/L of Sulfate in Drinking Water
• Sheyenne River Sulfate Expected to be 750 mg/L
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• Sheyenne River Sulfate Expected to be 750 mg/L (sulfate concentration was 894 mg/L on April 1, 2013)
• Fargo current WTP CANNOT provide sulfate treatment without additional treatment technologies
Primary Objective Address Changing Water Quality in
Fargo WTP Facility PlanFargo WTP Facility Plan
Sheyenne River
Secondary Objective Explore Opportunities to Provide
Capacity For Long-Term Growth
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Fargo WTP Facility PlanFargo WTP Facility Plan
• Fargo WTP Facility Plan Completed by AE2S and B&V in 2011
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Recognized as Appropriate Technology for Sulfate Reduction
• Two Preferred Alternatives– Polishing RO after Existing WTP– Integrated Membrane (MF/UF + RO) Parallel to Existing WTP
• Recommended RO Pilot Study
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• Recommended RO Pilot Study
• Fargo WTP Facility Plan Completed by AE2S and B&V in 2011
FARGO WTP FACILITY PLAN
• Facility Plan Objective– Water Quality: Address Changing Water Quality in Sheyenne River– Water Quantity: Expand Capacity For Long-Term Growth
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Recognized as Appropriate Technology for Sulfate Reduction
• Two Preferred Alternatives
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• Two Preferred Alternatives– Polishing RO after Existing WTP– Integrated Membrane (MF/UF + RO) Parallel to Existing WTP
• Recommended RO Pilot Study
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• RO pilot study
RO PILOT STUDY
• RO pilot study performed in 2011 & 2012
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Polishing Scenario
REVERSE OSMOSIS
SOURCEWATER
DISTRIBUTION EXISTING WTP
RO Pilot RO Pilot Study ScenariosStudy Scenarios
Parallel Scenario
OSMOSIS(Sulfate Reduction)
Concentrate
SOURCE
EXISTING WTPDISTRIBUTION
WATER EXISTING WTP
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Residuals
MEMBRANE FILTRATION
SOURCEWATER
Residuals
PLATE SETTLERS(Pretreatment)
REVERSE OSMOSIS
(Sulfate Reduction)
Concentrate
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RO Pilot RO Pilot StudyStudy•Proved the Feasibility of RO Membrane •Tested Individual Performance of RO Elements•Evaluated Key Design Parameters•Provided Fargo WTP Staff with Membrane Experience
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45 d30 d
FARGO MEMBRANE WTP OVERVIEW
Fargo Membrane WTP: 15 mgd
RED RIVER
DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM
RO
15 mgd
PRETREATMENT(9.5 MGD)
MF/UF
T&O CONTROL(3 MGD)
45 mgd
DISINFECTION
FROM EXISTING LIME-SOFTENING WTP30 mgd
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SHEYENNE RIVER
RO(12.0 MGD)
CONCENTRATE DISPOSAL
2.5 mgd
PRETREATMENT(9.5 MGD)
MF/UF(18.2 MGD)
0.9 mgd
RESIDUALS TREATMENT
FACILITY
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• Objectives– Evaluate various membranes treating the Sheyenne River
– Establish key design and operating parameters
MF/UF PILOT STUDY
Establish key design and operating parameters• Membrane flux, recovery, backwash, maintenance wash (MW), and clean-in-
place (CIP) procedures and intervals, as well as verifying turbidity removal, low rate of fiber breakage, and direct integrity test procedures
– Assist Fargo WTP staff in learning about membrane filtration
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Pretreatment
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGYMEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
HOW DO MEMBRANES WORK?MEMBRANES WORK?
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MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGYMEMBRANE TECHNOLOGYTYPES OF MEMBRANES
LOW PRESSUREMF & UF Removes:
Turbidity
Vi
HIGH PRESSURENF & RO Removes:
Turbidity
Microfiltration(MF)
Ultrafiltration(UF)
Nanofiltration(NF)
Reverse Osmosis(RO)
Smallest Pore Size
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Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoa
• Organics
Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoa
Organics
InorganicsRemoval • Partial Removal
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION
CUMULATIVE CAPACITY OF US MUNICIPAL DESALINATION PLANT
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Mike Mickley, U.S. municipal desalination plant statistics and concentrate management practices and issue, 2012
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MF/UF MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTICS
Module Model Number
ZeeWeed 1000 UNA-620A L20N
Type of Membrane Submerged Encased
Material of membrane fiber
PVDF
Surface area per each
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Surface area per each membrane module, ft2
(m2)550 (51) 538 (50) 375 (35)
Nominal pore size, (µm)
0.02 0.1 0.04
Sheyenne River1 Temperature swings widely
PILOT TESTING PILOT TESTING PROGRAM SCENARIOSPROGRAM SCENARIOS
1. Temperature swings widely2. High TOC3. High alkalinity4. High sulfate5. Water quality changing rapidly
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0
5
10
15
20
25
1/1/2005 7/1/2005 1/1/2006 7/1/2006 1/1/2007 7/1/2007 1/1/2008 7/1/2008 1/1/2009 7/1/2009 1/1/2010 7/1/2010
Deg
rees
Cel
siu
s
Date
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONWater Quality
Sh RiSheyenne River1. Temperature swings widely2. High TOC3. High alkalinity4. High sulfate5. Water quality changing rapidly
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONWater Quality
Temperature swings widelyOC
SHEYENNE RIVER RAW WATER
SETTLED WATER
pH 7 8 8 5 7 2 7 8
1. High TOC2. High alkalinity3. High sulfate4. Water quality changing rapidly
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pH 7.8-8.5 7.2-7.8
Temperature (°C) 1.0-28 1.0-28
TOC (mg/L) 7.3-16 5.5-9.4
Turbidity (NTU) 10-700Typical: <3
Maximum: <9
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30
SHEYENNE RIVER WATER TEMPERATURE
10
15
20
25
Deg
rees
Cel
siu
s
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0
5
1/1/2005 7/1/2005 1/1/2006 7/1/2006 1/1/2007 7/1/2007 1/1/2008 7/1/2008 1/1/2009 7/1/2009 1/1/2010 7/1/2010
Date
TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSUREMembrane A
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TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSUREMembrane B
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TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSUREMembrane B
m
0 0.1 0.2
Pore size
∆P
Rm
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TRANASMEMBRANE PRESSUREMembrane C
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TEMPERATURE CORRECTED PERMEABILITY
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TEMPERATURE CORRECTED PERMEABILITY
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MEMBRANE CLEAN-IN-PLACE
• Sodium Hypchlorite: 600-2000 mg/L
Cit i A id 1 2% ( H 2)• Citric Acid: 1-2% (pH 2)
• Temperature: 70-100 degree F
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CIP EFFECTIVENESS
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KEY DESIGN PARAMETER EVALUATION
Design Flux?
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KEY DESIGN PARAMETER EVALUATION
Factors:
Design Flux?
Factors:
• Design Capacity
• Membrane Life Time
• Allowable Annual Permeability Loss
• Lowest Water Temperature
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• Max Allowable TMP
• …
DESIGN FLUX EVALUATION
Minimum Membrane Permeability at 20 °C (gfd/psi)
Design Flux (gfd)
Annual Flux Loss (percent)
Membrane Life Time (year)
Permeabilitymin@20°C:
Flux:
A:
n:
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Maximum Operation Transmembrane Pressure (psi)
Lowest Water Temperature (°C)
TMPm:
T:
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Example
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Example
Flux: 35 gfdA= 0.05TMPm= 21.7 psiT=0.5 °C
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n = 10 (year)
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Design Flux 34 gfd: 4.93 gfd/psi
Example
Design Flux 30 gfd: 4 34 gfd/psi
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4.34 gfd/psi
FACILITY PLAN
RO PILOTSTUDY
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
AND MF/UF
FINALDESIGN
BIDDING
PROJECT STATUS
2010 20122011
PLAN STUDY AND MF/UF PROCUREMENT
DESIGN CONSTRUCTION
2013 2014
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2010 20122011
WHERE WE ARE
2013 2014
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FARGO WTP SITE
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Fargo
FARGO MEMBRANE WTP SITE13th Avenue South
N
Fargo Membrane
WTP
Str
eet
So
uth
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Existing WTP
5th
S
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FARGO MEMBRANE WTP RENDERING
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Qigang Chang, PhD PE Project Engineer
Troy HallFargo Water Utility Director
QUESTIONS?
oject g ee
AE2S3101 Frontage Road SouthMoorhead, MN 56560
V i 218 299 5610
g y
Fargo Water Treatment Plant 435 14 Ave. S.Fargo, ND 58103
V i 701 476 6741
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Voice: 218.299.5610 Fax: 218.299.5611
Voice: 701.476.6741 Fax: 701.241.8110
WWW.AE2S.COMThank You!