UNIPP Success Stories - International Labour Organization · This collection of UNIPP Success...
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Introducing UNIPP I UNIPP Success Stories Cooperating to promote & protect indigenous peoples’ rights Empowered lives. Resilient nations. © UN - Robaton © UN - John Isaac © Survival International © Survival International © Survival International © UN - T. McKulka
Transcript of UNIPP Success Stories - International Labour Organization · This collection of UNIPP Success...
Introducing UNIPP I
UNIPP Success Stories
Cooperating to promote & protect indigenous peoples’ rights
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
© UN - Robaton© UN - John Isaac
© Survival International
© Survival International © Survival International© UN - T. McKulka
UNIPP Success Stories
Cooperating to promote & protect indigenous peoples’ rights
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Acknowledgements
This collection of UNIPP Success Stories would have not materialized without the full support and enthusiastic response of many individuals, partner agencies, organizations and institutions.
In particular, UNIPP Technical Secretariat wishes to thank the UNIPP joint country and regional focal persons who contributed the stories, identified contributors and provided valuable inputs and comments: Bolivia: Alejandra Alzerreca, Christian Jetté, Liliam Landeo, Adan Pari, Vilma Romero and Mónica Yaksic; Cameroon: Serge Bouopda Guechou and Nadine Mballa; Central African Republic: Brice Constantin Seresckissy; Republic of Congo: Marius Biyekele, Isidore Dianzinga, Felix Issang, Christine Nare Kabore and Constance Mafoukila; Nepal: Anshu Gurung; Nicaragua: Henry Galan, Berta Rosa Guerra, Maribel Gutiérrez, Fransen Jean, Christel Kristensen, Walter Lacayo, Jorge Navas, Marina Noguera, Darlene Omeir and Fernanda Soto; and South-East Asia Project (Bangkok): Ahjung Lee. In addition, UNIPP technical focal persons and colleagues within the five participating UN Agencies at Headquarters level provided much needed technical guidance and encouragement in various ways. They are: Laurence Klein and Shireen Said (UNDP); Alfonso Barragues (UNFPA); Nicola Brandt and Beatrice Duncan (UNICEF); Antti Korkeakivi and Samia Slimane (OHCHR); and Albert Barume, Jane Hodges, Louise Nolle and Martin Oeltz (ILO).
On the production side, we are grateful to Justine Willis, who painstakingly edited the whole publication, provided valuable inputs and suggestions and made herself available at short notice. Special thanks must also go to Valeria Morra and Yvonne Mourglia of the Multimedia Design and Production Team at the ILO Training Centre in Turin, Italy, responsible for the layout and design of the publication; and to Morse Flores, for overseeing its design and development and for coordinating and liaising with all the contributors.
We would also like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the important contribution made by the first co-Chairs of UNIPP, Marcia VJ Kran (OHCHR) and Raja Devasish Roy (UNPFII), whose critical leadership and strategic direction were invaluable during the Partnership’s start-up phase.
Last but not least, the production of this publication would not have been possible without generous financial contributions from the governments of Denmark, Finland and Ireland.
UNIPP Technical Secretariat
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Foreword
The United Nations-Indigenous Peoples’ Partnership (UNIPP, or the Partnership) works to promote progress as regards indigenous peoples’ rights and development at country level. In this endeavour, UNIPP is guided by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169).
Launched in 2011, in response to a recommendation from the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII), UNIPP combines the individual expertise and networks of five UN agencies: the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the UN Population Fund (UNFPA). Together, they work with indigenous communities, States, human rights mechanisms, civil society and the private sector to improve understanding of and respect for indigenous peoples’ rights.
The first global partnership of its kind, UNIPP is uniquely positioned to bring about lasting improvements in indigenous peoples’ lives, and enjoys high-level backing. The UN General Assembly and UN Human Rights Council have formally welcomed UNIPP and encouraged others to support it.
Two and a half years since its launch, national programmes are being implemented through UNIPP in Bolivia, Cameroon, Central African Republic (CAR), Republic of Congo, Nepal and Nicaragua, and there is one regional project in South-East Asia. Indigenous peoples in Bolivia, Cameroon, CAR, Republic of Congo and Indonesia have been able to submit recommendations on draft legislation through consultative workshops and/or community fora. Baseline studies are under way to assess the situation of indigenous communities in relation to, among other things, maternal and reproductive health, providing the basis for UNIPP-supported programmes tailored to their needs. In South-East Asia, UNIPP has co-hosted the first ever sub-regional meeting on extractive industries and indigenous peoples’ rights to land and natural resources.
Through initiatives such as these, UNIPP has raised the profile of indigenous peoples’ issues, provided space for dialogue among a range of stakeholders with differing interests, and enhanced awareness of and respect for international standards. It has also encouraged the integration of indigenous perspectives in development programme planning within and outside the UN System.
This publication provides an insight into UNIPP’s work, highlighting achievements and challenges and indicating the way forward. It is meant to contribute to the deliberations of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, which will be held for the first time under the auspices of the UN General Assembly in New York in September 2014, and whose main goal is to share best practices in the implementation of indigenous peoples’ rights.
Manuela Tomei Prof. Angela Riley UNIPP Co-Chair UNIPP Co-Chair Director, Conditions of Work and Equality Department Director, American Indian Studies Center International Labour Office University of California at Los Angeles
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Contents
Acknowledgements IV
Foreword V
List of acronyms and abbreviations VIII
INTRODUCING UNIPP
Introducing UNIPP 1UNIPP’s origins 2
UNIPP programmes and principles 3UNIPP guiding principles 3
Strategic areas of activity 4
Implementation structure 5
UNIPP success stories 7
Map of UNIPP activity 8
SUCCESS STORIES: LEGISLATIVE REVIEW & REFORM
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLICOvercoming language barriers to convey indigenous views 10
NEPALUsing ILO C169 as a peacebuilding tool in Nepal 11
INDONESIAFacilitating knowledge exchange and multi-stakeholder consultations for legislative development 12
REPUBLIC OF CONGOSupporting legislative review and the implementation of a landmark law on indigenous peoples 15
SUCCESS STORIES: DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE
BOLIVIAPutting free, prior and informed consent into practice 16
REPUBLIC OF CONGOEncouraging indigenous women to find their political voice 17
BOLIVIAEnabling vulnerable indigenous groups to have a say in their future 18
SUCCESS STORIES: ACCESS TO JUSTICE
NICARAGUAHelping harmonize indigenous and national justice systems 20
NEPALFree, prior and informed consent mechanism is instrumental to conflict resolution 21
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SUCCESS STORIES: ACCESS TO LAND & ANCESTRAL TERRITORIES
CAMEROONWorking to obtain land rights for indigenous peoples 23
SUCCESS STORIES: NATURAL RESOURCES & EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
CAMEROONIncorporating indigenous peoples’ views into Forestry Law 24
SOUTH-EAST ASIAFacilitating multi-stakeholder regional dialogue on indigenous peoples and extractive industries 25
SUCCESS STORIES: ACCESS TO EDUCATION & HEALTH
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLICImproving indigenous women’s access to reproductive health care 26
REPUBLIC OF CONGOImproving access to essential services in Congo’s Lékoumou, Likouala, Pool and Sangha regions 27
SUCCESS STORIES: STRENGTHENING UN SYSTEM COHERENCE
NICARAGUAStrengthening UN System coherence 29
SUPPORTING AND STRENGTHENING UNIPP
Resource mobilization 30Supporting UNIPP 30
Partnership: an open invitation 31
Building on success 32
UNIPP KEY INDICATORS
Key programme-based UNIPP indicators against baseline 34
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List of acronyms and abbreviations
ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
AIPP Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact
ANTUF All Nepal Federation of Trade Unions
Bartolina SISA National Federation of Peasant, Indigenous and Native Women of Bolivia
CAR Central African Republic
CCPIAN UNS Consultative Committee for Indigenous and Afro-descendant Peoples for the United Nations System in Nicaragua
CGIP Consultative Group on Indigenous Peoples
CIDOB Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia
CNMCB National Council of Rural Women of Bolivia
CONAFRO The National Council Afrobolviano
CONAMAQ National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu
CSCIB Syndicalist Confederation of Intercultural Communities of Bolivia
CSUTCB Unified Syndical Confederation of Rural Workers of Bolivia
DSCERP Strategic Paper on Growth, Employment and Poverty Reduction
EMRIP Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
FPIC Free, prior and informed consent
GTZ German Agency for International Cooperation
ICPD International Conference on Population and Development
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
ILO International Labour Organization
ILO C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169)
IOM International Organization for Migration
IPs Indigenous Peoples
IPRA Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MINAS Ministry of Social Affairs
MINFOF Ministry of Forests & Wildlife
MPTF Multi-Partner Trust Fund
NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
NEFIN Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities
NGO Non-governmental organization
NHRC National Human Rights Commission
OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
PRO 169 Programme to Promote ILO Convention No. 169
PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
REPAR Network of Parliamentarians for Sustainable Management of Forests
UN United Nations
UNCT United Nations Country Team
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UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework
UNDG United Nations Development Group
UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNDP RIPP Regional Initiative on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Development
UNDS United Nations Development System
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UNIPP United Nations-Indigenous Peoples, Partnership
UNRC United Nations Resident Coordinator
UNV United Nations Volunteer
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization
© UNIPP Nepal
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© UNIPP Nepal
Introducing UNIPP 1
The organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations system and other intergovernmental organizations shall contribute to the full realization of the provisions of this Declaration through the mobilization, inter alia, of financial cooperation and technical assistance. Ways and means of ensuring participation of indigenous peoples on issues affecting them shall be established.”
Article 41, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
Introducing UNIPP
Launched in May 2011, the United Nations - Indigenous Peoples’ Partnership (UNIPP) aims to promote and protect the rights of indigenous peoples, taking as a cornerstone their right to participate in decision-making, state duty to consult, and the principle of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC). It works primarily at country level, with supporting activities carried out at regional and global level.
UNIPP programmes focus on capacity development, research and documentation, and the exchange of experiences and lessons learned. Founded on the principles of trust and equality, they bring together UN Agencies, indigenous peoples, governments, civil society and the private sector, encouraging dialogue and common understanding through sustainable partnership initiatives aimed at guaranteeing indigenous peoples’ rights.
Funding from donors and participating UN organizations is channelled to a Multi-Partner Trust Fund (MPTF), which is used to pool and disburse resources.
Why UNIPP matters
Numbering over 370 million, indigenous peoples make up five per cent of the world’s population, but 15 per cent of those living in poverty. This disproportionate hardship is inextricably linked to a longstanding lack of understanding of, and respect for, indigenous peoples’ rights. Indigenous peoples around the world commonly face exclusion from decision-making on issues that affect them; non-recognition and/or non-protection of ancestral lands and resources; lack of access to culturally appropriate social services; and inadequate understanding about their way of life and traditional economies. Women, in particular, suffer multiple forms of discrimination, such as lack of access to education and health care, and are subject to violence, including sexual violence and trafficking.
Yet, indigenous peoples are part of the overall contribution of all peoples to the diversity and richness of the world. Against a backdrop of increased global demand for resources and energy, their specialist local knowledge and skills also put them in a unique position to help address global challenges around human development, human rights, peace and environmental sustainability.
Introducing UNIPP2
UNIPP’s origins
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2007. The UNDRIP acknowledges historical processes of discrimination and exclusion and opens a unique window of opportunity for global reconciliation and true partnership between indigenous peoples, governments and civil society at large. Together with the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (No. 169), adopted by the ILO in 1989, it provides a solid framework for the advancement of indigenous peoples’ rights.
Taking advantage of momentum generated by the UNDRIP, the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) issued a recommendation that the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) enhance inter-agency coordination to promote and facilitate implementation of international standards on indigenous peoples. To that end, the three bodies formed UNIPP in 2010, thereby establishing the first UN-led global partnership to promote the rights of indigenous peoples at the country level.
In the spirit of the UN’s Delivering As One approach, UNIPP welcomes the involvement of fellow UN Agencies, seeking to maximize efficiency by serving as a vehicle to coordinate action by UN country teams around the world. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) took up the invitation almost immediately, joining the partnership in 2011.
2010 - Creation
• Founding participating organizations: ILO, OHCHR and UNDP
2011 - Launch
• May 2011: Launch at UNPFII
• Oct 2011: Approval of joint programmes
• Initial funding received from Denmark and Finland
• UNFPA and UNICEF join the Partnership
2012 - Implementation
• Jan–Mar 2012: Rollout of funds by MPTF
• Apr 2012: Implementation of activities begins
• Government of Ireland joins the Partnership
2013 - Initial Results
• May 2013: Launch of Annual Progress Report (Jan–Dec 2012)
• July 2013: Publication of Mid-term Report (Jan–Jun 2013)
UNIPP timeline
Introducing UNIPP 3
UNIPP programmes and principles
UNIPP facilitates partnerships between States, indigenous peoples and UN Country Teams in support of the Partnership’s guiding principles. Programmes focus on capacity development and on promoting and establishing consultative and participatory mechanisms. Activities are centred on:
• Information sharing and awareness-raising: allowing national stakeholders to understand and recognize the rights of indigenous peoples and key issues affecting them.
• Advocacy and consultation: easing the implementation of national laws or standards, aimed at encouraging the ratification of international instruments, the adoption of new laws and policies or the review of existing ones.
• Ensuring effective implementation and monitoring of relevant legal/policy frameworks: ensuring indigenous peoples enjoy their due rights, e.g. appropriate budget allocations, inclusion in development programmes.
Special attention is paid to marginalized groups, including the distinct needs of indigenous women, children and youth.
UNIPP guiding principles
• ownership and coherence with the principles of indigenous peoples’ self-determination, consultation, participation and FPIC
• gender equality and special consideration to indigenous children and youth as appropriate
• partnerships founded on equality, trust, inclusion and mutual accountability of governments, UN agencies and indigenous peoples
• integration of human rights in development processes and promotion of the rights of indigenous peoples
• the “Delivering as One” approach, improving the effectiveness and impact of the United Nations Development System at the country level, and promoting greater coherence of the UNDS activities in support of national priorities
• special attention to indigenous peoples having no access to other capacity development measures and support frameworks
Introducing UNIPP4
Strategic areas of activity
Legislative review & reform
Developing the capacities of State institutions to have indigenous peoples’ rights included and recognized within the national legal system, including through constitutional reforms, development of legislation and incorporation at administrative levels both through indigenous specific legislation such as in areas of non-discrimination
Democratic governance / strengthening indigenous peoples’ institutions
Supporting their institutional and organizational capacity to fully participate in governance and policy processes at local and national levels
Access to justice
Recognition and strengthening of indigenous customary law and justice systems; addressing discrimination within the national legal system and the inclusion of indigenous customary law and justice systems
Access to land & ancestral territories
Developing and strengthening capacities for land titling, demarcation and use of ancestral territories, including local capacity development initiatives and those aimed at securing greater recognition of indigenous lands
Natural resources & extractive industries
Promoting a framework for conflict prevention, consultation, participation, benefit-sharing and dispute resolution. This area has a special focus on conflict prevention initiatives around ancestral land and use of natural resources, in particular the need to develop capacity of indigenous communities in negotiation skills and dispute resolution in line with international legal instruments
Access to education & health
Promoting indigenous peoples’ (including women and children) right to quality, culturally pertinent education that respects indigenous peoples’ histories, languages and traditions, and guarantees their right to pertinent, culturally sensitive and quality health services. This would include reproductive health services in order to reduce the high levels of maternal and infant mortality and morbidities which affect indigenous women and newborns
Strengthening UN System coherence
Encouraging UN agencies to adopt a coordinated and coherent approach to programme design and development
Introducing UNIPP 5
Implementation structure
The Partnership is governed by the UNIPP Policy Board (the Board), which provides overall leadership and sets the strategic direction of UNIPP. The Board articulates and develops the UNIPP Trust Fund policy, decides the allocation of UNIPP funds and reviews the progress of joint country programmes in accordance with the UNIPP Strategic Framework. The current Board comprises five indigenous experts and five representatives from UN organizations. The UN MPTF is an ex-officio member of the Board.
The ILO, OHCHR, UNDP, UNFPA and UNICEF (the Participating UN Organizations), upon entering into a Memorandum of Understanding, assume full programmatic and financial accountability for the implementation of the Partnership in accordance with their expertise and mandates. The MPTF serves as the Administrative Agent for the funds as regards donors and the Participating UN Organizations.
The UNIPP Technical Secretariat, which is currently hosted by the ILO in Geneva, provides support to the Board, the Participating UN Organizations and the Administrative Agent. As a policy requirement, all the UNIPP programmes, both country-level and regional, have been developed within a collaborative framework achieved as a result of coordinated effort and the establishment of National Steering Committees, which include representatives of government, the UN and indigenous peoples. In addition, the UN Resident Coordinators (UNRCs) are entrusted with supporting the overall programme design, with overseeing ongoing UNIPP programme activities, and with playing a coordination role to ensure that UNIPP activities have a direct and lasting impact on the improvement of indigenous peoples’ rights at the local and national level.
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Introducing UNIPP 7
UNIPP success stories
UNIPP is only just beginning. Nevertheless, since its launch it has already stimulated or strengthened over 100 initiatives that will have a real impact on indigenous peoples’ lives and status. Initiatives that will strengthen their legal footing; broaden their access to basic services such as health care and education; and increase their confidence and opportunities to make their voices heard in political and other decision-making fora.
Of course, activities in support of indigenous peoples’ rights existed long before UNIPP. However, with its global network, legal credibility and high-level backing, UNIPP has unprecedented capacity to mobilize long-term funding commitments and powerful partnerships to lasting effect. Many of the projects that pre-date UNIPP would simply have ceased activity without its support, owing to inadequate resources. In developing its joint programmes, UNIPP seeks to use its assets to build on existing mechanisms and activities, drawing on local knowledge and previous experience and lessons learned on the ground. A summary table of key activities initiated or maintained with UNIPP support is included on pp.34-61.
The following pages contain a series of snapshots of UNIPP activity and achievements to date, grouped by strategic area of activity. While far from comprehensive, they illustrate the breadth of initiatives and partnerships with which UNIPP is involved, and the concrete steps it has already taken to ensure indigenous peoples benefit from their due rights.
© UNIPP CAR
© UNIPP Congo
© Survival International
Introducing UNIPP8
Map of UNIPP activity
Introducing UNIPP 9
Legislative review & reform10
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Overcoming language barriers to convey indigenous views
In 2010, CAR became the first country in Africa to ratify ILO C169. The government is now working to incorporate its provisions into national law to ensure lasting benefits for the indigenous population. However, it lacks the resources and capacity to do so, and is drawing on UNIPP support to produce and implement a new draft law on indigenous peoples’ rights in consultation with stakeholders.
In the past, CAR’s Ba’Aka and Mbororos indigenous population have rarely been included in this kind of political process, owing in part to low literacy levels, which made consultation difficult. To overcome this challenge, UNIPP – in discussion with the Italian non-governmental organization (NGO) Cooperazione Internazionale (COOPI), Mbororos leaders, and an organization representing the Ba’Aka – has adopted an innovative approach: Forum Theatre or ‘Theatre of the Oppressed’.
Pioneered by Bolivian theatre director Augusto Boal, Theatre of the Oppressed is a form of drama often used to support political or social change. Led by a neutral facilitator, a scenario relevant to the audience is played out, usually reaching a conclusion undesirable to them. Encouraged by the facilitator, the audience proposes alternative courses of action the actors might take at various points, thereby taking control of and ‘rewriting’ the play. The process allows the audience to reflect on issues raised in relation to their own circumstances, and to identify ways they might turn the situation to their liking.
In this case, 40 indigenous leaders (men and women) and Ba’Aka and Mbororos participated in a week-long residential course led by an internationally renowned drama teacher, specialized in Theatre of the Oppressed. Through practical exercises and group work, the participants reflected on their circumstances in relation to CAR’s political and social development; deepened their grasp of their own rights; and worked collectively to identify solutions.
Then, on 7 July 2013, indigenous and Ba’Aka and Mbororos peoples gathered at a theatre forum for the first time to examine the new draft law, its relation to ILO C169, and its potential effect on their lives. Some 300 people attended, including around 120 indigenous women. A dedicated team was tasked with recording audience input and, subsequently, drafting recommendations on the draft law for submission to the government.
Speaking after the event, Maurice Zegbe, a Ba’Aka leader, commented: “We are very pleased with the initiative [...] which finally allowed us to express our opinions through the theatre, especially with regard to the revision of the legal framework related to the management of resources on our territory.” Creeping deforestation, linked to industrial activity, had emerged as a particular concern, as it was threatening their traditional livelihoods. “Now we have a framework for discussions with the government through the consultation, we hope to contribute to change if the [concerns we have raised] are taken into account by the government.”
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: gender equality I resource management
© UNIPP Nepal
Legislative review & reform 11
NEPAL
Using ILO C169 as a peacebuilding tool in Nepal
Nepal ratified ILO C169 in 2007, the first country in Asia to do so. It was a landmark occasion, at once answering longstanding calls for ratification from the country’s indigenous peoples, while setting an example to fellow Asian countries tackling similar indigenous concerns.
Some six years on, the implementation of ILO C169 continues to face serious challenges, owing partly to misunderstanding and/or misinterpretation among indigenous and non-indigenous peoples alike. UNIPP seeks to address this by identifying which aspects of the instrument are causing confusion and providing clarification through a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document, combined with workshops and awareness-raising activities. The aim is to promote wide understanding of ILO C169 and ensure compliance.
To develop the FAQ, UNIPP appointed two consultants, both experts on indigenous peoples’ issues and relevant national/international law, to gather information from stakeholders. Taking into account factors such as geography (low-land and hill communities); socio-economic status; and challenges faced by indigenous peoples in relation to government/international development programmes, they identified seven target districts for consultation. In April 2013, they led a series of workshops in collaboration with District Coordination Councils of the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN). More than 240 indigenous and non-indigenous participants took part, including district-level officials, human rights activists, and representatives of indigenous peoples’ organizations and the district bar association.
Drawing on findings from the workshops, the consultants drew up a preliminary FAQ addressing the areas of ILO C169 that caused most confusion. In July 2013, they shared this draft at a national-level workshop organized with the National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities (NFDIN). This enabled some 40 representatives of various ministries, UN Country Teams and indigenous and non-indigenous organizations to add their input.
The FAQ has yet to be finalized and formally endorsed by the government. Nevertheless, both the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), are keen to be associated with the exercise. Both have indicated their willingness to have their logos in the published document, with the NHRC acknowledging that “this will make us accountable towards indigenous peoples’ right”.
UNIPP’s initiative is timely. Elections in November 2013 should lead to the formation of a Constituent Assembly mandated to draft Nepal’s new constitution, part of a peacebuilding process that began in 2006. Given the country’s commitment to comply with ILO C169, indigenous peoples’ rights will be a focal topic during the election campaign and Constituent Assembly debates. The FAQ will enable all parties, whether for or against indigenous peoples’ rights, to better understand how these are enshrined in ILO C169. As such, it is expected to represent an important contribution to the peacebuilding process.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I peacebuilding
FAQ will certainly play a big role to make people understand indigenous peoples’ rights enshrined in Convention 169 and of course this will play vital role for peace in Nepal, since indigenous peoples are using more of the C169 and non-indigenous peoples are reluctant to understand C169.” Harish Chandra Dhungana, District Judge and workshop participant
Legislative review & reform12
INDONESIA
Facilitating knowledge exchange and multi-stakeholder consultations for legislative development
Policy makers and experts point to a growing need in Indonesia to address issues concerning the recognition and protection of indigenous peoples. At the time of UNIPP’s launch in 2011, the Indonesian Parliament was developing a new draft law on Masyarakat Hukum Adat (the Indonesian term for indigenous peoples), which aims to provide a single comprehensive law on the recognition and protection of indigenous peoples in the country. In response to the national demand for capacity building and increased dialogue around legislative development, UNIPP helped to identify and increase awareness of critical masyarakat hukum adat issues among various actors with inputs from national and regional experts. It created a forum for multi-stakeholder discussions on those issues that have yet to be reconciled to aid future law- and policy-making.
UNIPP first facilitated a national workshop in 2012 to provide a forum for debate and dialogue on how to better protect the rights of indigenous peoples in Indonesia. This covered a range of issues, including land and conflict; climate change mitigation (REDD+); FPIC; access to justice; protection of indigenous women and children; and the post-2015 development agenda. The workshop involved high-level government officials, parliamentarians and their legal staff, civil society leaders and activists, and indigenous leaders. It also facilitated regional knowledge exchange, with participants from other countries in the region sharing their experiences of working on indigenous peoples’ issues.
In 2013, UNIPP provided more focused support to the development of legislation. In partnership with the Philippines Parliament and networks of indigenous peoples’ and civil society organizations, UNIPP South-East Asia organized a peer-to-peer knowledge-exchange workshop between the Philippines and Indonesia on indigenous legislation and policy-making in the Philippines. The workshop took place in the Philippines with delegates from both countries, among them high-level government officials, Parliamentarians, their expert legal staff, civil society organization leaders and activists, as well as indigenous leaders. The Indonesian delegates were able to learn from the rich experiences the Philippines had acquired in enacting and implementing their laws and policies concerning indigenous peoples over 20 years. After the event, members of the Parliament and indigenous representatives had follow-up consultations. Subsequently, the draft law was formally adopted by Indonesia’s House of Representatives, and in May 2013, a Presidential letter was issued appointing relevant ministers to conduct government consultations on the draft law.
Article 3 of the Draft Law from the Legislative Body of the Parliament (as of June 2013) establishes that the proposed law seeks to:
• protect the rights of the masyarakat hukum adat so that they can live safely, grow and develop as a community group in accordance with human dignity and protected from acts of discrimination;
• provide legal certainty to the masyarakat hukum adat in exercising their rights;
• use the recognition and protection of rights of the masyarakat hukum adat as a basis for government and formulation of development programmes; and
• empower the masyarakat hukum adat.
As such, the Law on the Rights of Masyarakat Hukum Adat, once enacted, is expected to provide a solid legal framework for the resolution of issues related to indigenous peoples in Indonesia.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I empowerment I climate change I women & children
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Legislative review & reform 15
REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Supporting legislative review and the implementation of a landmark law on indigenous peoples
In 2011, the government of the Republic of Congo adopted Law No. 5-2011 on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Indigenous Populations, becoming the first African country to adopt a specific law on indigenous peoples. UNIPP seeks to support the enforcement, dissemination and monitoring of this landmark law.
In response to key provisions of the Law, the Congolese government has prepared eight implementing decrees. These cover:
1. recognition of the citizenship of indigenous peoples;
2. establishment/functions of an Interministerial Committee responsible for monitoring and evaluating the promotion and protection of indigenous peoples’ rights;
3. protection of sites with cultural or spiritual significance for indigenous peoples;
4. sharing of benefits arising from the use and exploitation of traditional knowledge;
5. measures to facilitate indigenous peoples’ access to health and social services and to protect their traditional medicinal practices;
6. procedures to ensure indigenous peoples are consulted on/participate in economic development programmes;
7. measures to facilitate indigenous children’s access to education;
8. conditions for official recognition of indigenous villages.
In July 2012, with UNIPP support, the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights convened an expert meeting in Brazzaville to examine the draft decrees. Drawing on the expertise of OHCHR and UN Country Teams (particularly UNICEF, UNDP and UNFPA), 42 relevant ministerial officials and 24 indigenous representatives from eight Congolese provinces worked to ensure the decrees complied with the principles of the UNDRIP. These have now been submitted for Presidential approval.
Similarly, officials are drawing on UNIPP support to integrate indigenous peoples’ rights into the National Development Plan 2012–2016, the Strategic Paper on Growth, Employment and Poverty Reduction (DSCERP), and UNICEF and UNFPA Country Programme Documents for 2014–2018. All these measures will help ensure indigenous peoples are not overlooked in Congo’s development agenda.
Among efforts to ensure that Law No. 5-2011 is known by at least 30 per cent of Congo’s indigenous population, the text is being translated into the most popular local languages (Kituba and Lingala), with key sections of the Act being transformed into film. More than 3,000 key actors, including indigenous leaders, have received training. In parallel, some 15 indigenous community radio stations have benefited from technical support, while 125 print, national television and radio journalists have been trained on incorporating indigenous perspectives into their work, better equipping them to promote the Law and encourage indigenous participation in the 2012 and 2013 electoral processes. Awareness of the Law has already increased significantly among the general population, including an estimated 20 per cent of the indigenous population.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I citizenship I access to basic services
Democratic governance16
BOLIVIA
Putting FPIC into practice
One of the objectives of UNIPP’s project in Bolivia is to see that indigenous peoples benefit from their right to consultation.
From the start, UNIPP has been working closely with the Bolivian government to build the latter’s capacities in this field. In 2012 and 2013, for example, it organized two international conferences on the right to consultation in coordination with the Ministry of the Interior, bringing together officials from various ministries and representatives of the Legislative Assembly, Ombudsman, Constitutional Court and the Electoral Tribunal, and representatives of indigenous organizations. More recently, Bolivia’s Vice Ministry of Decolonization and UNIPP organized the first plurinational meeting of indigenous and public universities on the right to consultation and the elimination of racism and discrimination. Meanwhile, drawing on UNIPP training and technical assistance, the School of Public Management has incorporated indigenous peoples’ right to consultation into the school curriculum.
Over 2013, UNIPP facilitated a series of regional consultations enabling Bolivia’s indigenous peoples to examine and comment on a proposed new law on prior consultation. More than 45 workshops were organized throughout the country, during which representatives from indigenous peoples’ organizations had the opportunity to become acquainted with, and give their views on, the draft law. This resulted in a revised version taking their input into account. In August 2013, representatives of a large majority of indigenous organizations ratified the revised draft law at a national conference. This new proposal was subsequently submitted to the Legislative Assembly, which was expected to approve it before the end of 2013.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I racism I youth education
© UNIPP Bolivia
© UNIPP Bolivia
Democratic governance 17
REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Encouraging indigenous women to find their political voice
One of UNIPP’s objectives in the Republic of Congo is to increase the participation of indigenous peoples, particularly women, in local and national governance processes. With local elections scheduled for late 2013, UNIPP supported a multimedia campaign during 2012 and 2013 to promote awareness of the elections and to encourage indigenous women to participate in the voting.
Numerous methods were adopted to ensure the message reached the widest possible audience:
• posters along roads leading to polling stations;
• production and distribution of a Guide to the rights of indigenous women and their participation in public life, with key passages in local languages;
• television and radio spots;
• songs;
• drama sketches played out by indigenous actors within their communities;
• lobbying of policy-makers and indigenous leaders;
• community meetings conducted by indigenous leaders.
The campaign was a clear success. Having learned about ways in which they could become politically involved, 18 women opted to run as candidates in the 2013 local elections. On polling day, thousands of indigenous women voted for the first time. In total, 2,773 cast their vote, around four times the number that voted in the last such elections in 2007.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: empowering women
© IWGIA
Democratic governance18
BOLIVIA
Enabling vulnerable indigenous groups to have a say in their future
The Pando Region, in Bolivia’s Amazon region, is home to five indigenous peoples: Yaminahua, Machineri, Esse Ejja, Tacana and Cavineño. Of these, the Yaminahua, Machineri and Esse Ejja are defined as ‘highly vulnerable’ on account of their decreasing population. These are peoples whose livelihoods are at stake, in large part because their needs have long been overlooked by others wishing to develop the region’s resources.
UNIPP partners UNFPA and UNICEF are cooperating with two organizations representing the communities: the Central Indigenous Peoples of the Amazonian Pando (CIPOAP) and the Central Indigenous Women from Amazonian Pando (CIMAP). Together they aim to develop a Comprehensive Development Plan for the indigenous peoples of the Pando that takes indigenous views into account, using participatory diagnostic methodology. This is a free, reflexive and participatory process, based on indigenous peoples’ right to be informed and consulted in advance about situations or projects that affect them. It is used to allow potentially marginalized groups to devise and submit proposals to the body responsible for the given project, who can then consider new opportunities and alternative solutions sensitive to the group’s particular needs.
First, representatives from the five indigenous groups met CIPOAP, CIMAP and UNIPP partners to learn about the process and ensure they understood its significance for them. Next, indigenous men, women, children and youth from each group took part in a participatory diagnostic study to assess their situation and needs.
The findings served to highlight the extent to which existing public policies failed to take adequate account indigenous peoples’ economic, social and cultural rights and practices, especially those relating to territory. A clear need to strengthen indigenous communities’ access to social services, such as education, health, water and shelter, also emerged. The whole process reflected the importance of strengthening indigenous peoples’ advocacy capacities, to guarantee them the full social participation to which they are entitled.
After taking part in the study, each participant developed their own comprehensive development plan, setting out their urgent short- and long-term needs; recommended next steps; and the actions they thought necessary to achieve their proposed goals.
The plans have been submitted to local, regional and national public authorities, so that indigenous demands can be factored into local and national planning. They are expected to contribute to developing solutions to various problems currently faced by the indigenous peoples of the Pando, including the need to strengthen a) their own capacities and those of their representative organizations; b) their fundraising activities; and c) their ability to negotiate with the State at municipal, departmental and national level.
CIPOAP and CIMAP are responsible for bringing these plans to fruition in coordination with local and national authorities, thereby allowing these vulnerable communities to pursue their development in a way that takes into account their rights and their own vision.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I women, youth, children I access to social services
© UNIPP Bolivia
19
© UN - John Isaac
Access to justice20
NICARAGUA
Helping harmonize indigenous and national justice systems
Nicaragua’s Autonomous Region of the Atlantic North is home to the miskitu, a bi-national people who live along the Wangki (Coco) river that divides Nicaragua from Honduras. UNIPP is among several organizations supporting local efforts to coordinate and harmonize traditional and national justice systems with a view to better addressing violence against miskitu women. Spearheading these efforts is Wangki Tangni, one of a network of local women’s organizations.
Traditionally, miskitu communities have solved grievances using tala mana (‘blood money’), whereby the perpetrator compensates the victim’s family in the form of work or money. However, in the case of rape and violence against women, the victim’s own situation is not addressed. Some communal judges have been known to trivialize such incidents, or address them in a way that further undermines the woman’s fundamental rights. On the other hand, national law 779 (the Integral Law on Violence Against Women), passed in 2012, provides for heavier penalties on perpetrators of such violence as well as strategies to support victims. Wangki Tangni seeks to ensure indigenous women benefit from the protection and support due to them.
Each year, Wangki Tangni organizes the Forum of Indigenous Women from the Wangki, attended by local indigenous women as well as representatives of women’s organizations and NGOs, government officials and members of the national judiciary. Miskito communal judges, known as wihta (most of whom are men), also participate. Indigenous women have the opportunity to report violence they face within their communities, share and discuss their concerns, and devise responses in agreement with traditional, governmental and judicial authorities. The event recognizes the value of traditional knowledge and practice in delivering justice, while acknowledging that, sometimes, national judicial norms may be more appropriate.
The forum has convened annually since 2008, each time addressing a different aspect of violence against women. In October 2013, discussions focussed around “Women, violence and health”. Close to 900 people participated, among them women leaders, wihta and midwives from six miskitu territories. When discussing “Security and struggle against violence towards women: course of action in the judicial and communitarian system”, one of two female wihta in attendance declared:
“I believe that in cases of rape and violence against women the offender should be penalized by going to jail, following national laws, however, because most wihta are men they tend to settle problems in traditional ways without recognizing women’s rights, and in some cases even taking the aggressor’s side. Wihta need to know more about women’s rights.”
Through the forum, miskitu women have established an open, mutually respectful dialogue with members of both traditional and national justice systems; together, they can better understand where practices deemed acceptable under a traditional system are incompatible with the national system. It is a united effort through which miskitu women can stand up for their rights; participate in decision-making that affects them; and count on better protection and support at community and national level.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: violence against women I citizenship I non-discrimination
© UNIPP Nicaragua
Access to justice 21
NEPAL
FPIC mechanism is instrumental to conflict resolution
ILO C169 underscores the value of consultation and participation both as objectives in themselves, and as a means of enabling indigenous peoples to participate fully in decision-making that affects them. The UNDRIP similarly emphasizes the importance of obtaining consent. For indigenous peoples in Nepal, where ILO C169 was adopted in 2007, participation in the Constituent Assembly is seen as key to enabling them to ‘own’ the national constitution and address longstanding structural violence and historical injustices against them. Despite being recognized in the country’s interim constitution, this right to participation has been denied to date. There is therefore huge demand among indigenous peoples for a mechanism to make FPIC standard practice locally and nationally.
Against this background, NEFIN has been working to promote FPIC at community level through a series of awareness-raising sessions. FPIC mechanism committees have already been formed in four districts to provide recommendations to donors and government on applying FPIC in practice.
At a time when indigenous peoples’ rights are moving up Nepal’s development agenda, establishing an FPIC mechanism is likely to result in increased support from the international donor community. International development agencies, NGOs and INGOs active in Nepal adhere to a set of Basic Operating Guidelines (BOGs) based on the principles of impartiality, transparency, accountability and inclusion – a system established during the country’s internal armed conflict to enable development work to continue within an insecure environment. However there has been reluctance among donors to contribute; several have seen projects stall owing to inadequate prior consultation with indigenous stakeholders. Many feel an FPIC mechanism would help overcome such setbacks.
In April 2013, Nepal’s Supreme Court ordered the government to amend the Constitutional Assembly Act and Regulations to ensure the participation of indigenous peoples in accordance with relevant instruments, including ILO C169. The same month, ILO representatives and BOGs signatories took part in an ‘interaction programme’, during which donors learned from leading Nepalese indigenous activist Dr Krishna Bhattachan about the importance of FPIC, and from ILO representatives about the ILO’s experience in this field as well as the UNIPP programme.
In September, stakeholders and UN Country Teams took part in a two-day follow-up workshop led by OHCHR in cooperation with the ILO. A further meeting is planned with a view to taking the development of the mechanism to the next level and thereby supporting ongoing development and peacebuilding efforts.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: peacebuilding I resource mobilization
© UNIPP Nepal
22
© UN - T. McKulka
Access to land & ancestral territories 23
CAMEROON
Working to obtain land rights for indigenous peoples
As part of its efforts to support ongoing legislative and policy reform initiated by the Cameroonian government, UNIPP is working to ensure indigenous peoples have a say in decisions on land reform.
According to the prevailing law of 1974, a person can lay claim to land provided they can prove that they were already tending/in possession of that land prior to 1974. The law recognizes the construction of property, or farming, as evidence of possession. It does not, however, apply to Cameroon’s native indigenous peoples, whose claim to land is often based on less tangible, nomadic activities such as hunting, gathering, fishing and stock-rearing.
In recent years, the government has taken control of large tracts of land deemed ‘vacant’ under the 1974 law, to transform them into nature reserves, national parks or forestry concessions. For many of the country’s indigenous peoples, this represents a violation of their common law rights; they feel they have been dispossessed of their ancestral lands. Some complain of displacement or expulsion from these areas without compensation.
With the aim of ensuring indigenous peoples are not overlooked in the land reform process under way, UNIPP organized a caucus for some 30 indigenous and civil society representatives. They shared their experiences and challenges relating to land tenure and access; looked at existing land legislation; and studied ways in which they could have an input into the revised land law. They also familiarized themselves with Cameroon’s obligations to uphold indigenous peoples’ rights in accordance with the international treaties to which it was party.
Equipped with this knowledge, these representatives went on to participate in a wider land reform forum involving government officials and members of international organizations and NGOs. The outcome was a statement, which called for the government of Cameroon to:
• take indigenous peoples’ concerns regarding land use into consideration;
• adhere to applicable international treaties and standards regarding indigenous peoples’ rights;
• invite indigenous peoples to participate in the land reform process.
This work contributed to government-parliamentary dialogue on the issue a few weeks later. Subsequently, an indigenous representative was invited to join representatives from government ministries, international finance institutions, civil society and the private sector at a government-led workshop on land settlement in the framework of developing a national strategy for rural development.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I rural development I resource management
Natural resources & extractive industries24
CAMEROON
Incorporating indigenous peoples’ views into Forestry Law
UNIPP’s project in Cameroon seeks to support ongoing legislative and policy reform initiated by the government in relation to natural resources and social inclusion. These initiatives include a review of existing forestry law; the development of a draft policy on the promotion and protection of marginalized populations; and the implementation of observations/recommendations made by various UN human rights mechanisms.
To help ensure indigenous peoples’ views are taken into account in relation to environmental and forestry management, UNIPP has forged a partnership with the Network of Parliamentarians for Sustainable Management of Forests (REPAR). Together they developed an advocacy paper on indigenous peoples’ rights for use during meetings with members of the government and National Assembly.
Following a series of national capacity building workshops on international standards relating to indigenous peoples’ rights, which were delivered to key ministerial representatives, indigenous peoples’ organizations, the media and the NGO community, UNIPP organized a technical workshop focused on integrating indigenous peoples’ needs into the Forestry Law. This led to the development of a report including recommendations and input from indigenous peoples, civil society and development partners. Many of the recommendations seek to promote a deeper understanding of indigenous peoples’ fundamental dependence on forestry and wildlife: there is a desire, for example, for the State to formally recognize the social, cultural and symbolic value of forests and fauna to indigenous peoples; the role indigenous peoples play in forestry and wildlife conservation and management; and the significance of subsistence and ritual hunting. Other recommendations focus on the need to respect indigenous peoples’ rights in accordance with applicable international treaties, including by ensuring that indigenous peoples and village communities are systematically informed of, and involved in, the management of forests and wildlife. This could include ensuring indigenous peoples receive adequate compensation and relocation support in case of forced displacement from their land or ancestral territories, and that they can access financial or social benefits linked to the exploitation of natural resources.
With support from REPAR, the report was submitted to the Ministry of Forests & Wildlife (MINFOF). In parallel, UNIPP provided comments to the MINFOF clarifying the definition of ‘indigenous peoples’ in accordance with international standards, while recommending that government apply the principle of consultation more systematically.
At the time of writing, a new draft Forestry Bill had been submitted for Prime Ministerial approval. It is hoped that the final bill will reflect many of the recommendations arising from UNIPP’s workshops, thereby paving the way for Cameroon’s indigenous peoples to enjoy better recognition of their rights.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I resource management
© IWGIA
Natural resources & extractive industries 25
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Facilitating multi-stakeholder regional dialogue on indigenous peoples and extractive industries
On 24-25 June 2013, in Bangkok, Thailand, the UNDP Asia-Pacific Regional Center (APRC) and UNIPP co-hosted the South-East Asia Sub-Regional Meeting on Extractive Industries and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights to Land and Natural Resources. This was the first such meeting led by the UN on this politically and socially sensitive topic, and bore testimony to years of trust-building and partnership work by APRC and UNDP country offices. It attracted over 60 participants from six countries (Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and the Philippines), including key representatives of indigenous peoples’, civil society and human rights organizations, leading academics and senior government officials. Moreover, the presence of several UN agencies active in the region, with different programme specialities, facilitated multi-disciplinary understanding and helped lay the groundwork for future collaboration.
Bringing together such a diverse mix of stakeholders, each with their own perspective on a complex issue, promised rich discussion but also potential discord. However, united by a shared objective to improve extractive industry governance and protect indigenous peoples’ rights to land and natural resources, participants examined the situation in specific countries and discussed their personal experiences, highlighting key challenges, lessons learned and opportunities. Discussion topics ranged from land reform, international legal standards, and corruption and accountability, to gender-specific challenges, corporate social responsibility and foreign investment. Over the course of the event, participants:
1. surveyed existing and emerging norms, guidelines, and notable initiatives on extractive industries in relation to indigenous peoples;
2. shared key challenges, experiences and lessons learned in protecting customary lands and natural resources in countries within the sub-region;
3. examined critical factors and practical recommendations to improve extractive industry governance, reduce adverse impact and enhance development outcomes for indigenous peoples; and
4. devised proposals to improve the effective implementation of norms and guidelines for the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights and improvement of their lives where these are affected by extractive industries.
At the end of the conference, participants reported that they came away not only with a greater understanding of other stakeholders’ priorities, but the impetus to take concrete steps to factor these into their thinking and work plans. For example, one participant planned to “start a new initiative on extractive industries and indigenous peoples in relation to [Indonesia’s] Constitutional court decision on Customary Forests”; another commented:
I will be more cautious in ensuring that (i) indigenous peoples’ concerns, especially the minorities, are taken into consideration in decision-making processes for extractive industries; and (ii) coordination and linkage with stakeholders for a more inclusive discussion and agreement/consensus-building, especially in addressing competing priorities of government.
Many felt two days was not enough, and requested that more forums such as this be organized in the future, in order to seek solutions to this critical issue for indigenous peoples in the region. Nevertheless, this was a landmark gathering: an invaluable contribution to building a common knowledge base and a core multi-stakeholder network through which to pursue collaboration on existing regional/international initiatives and forge new partnerships.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: consensus-building I good governance I resource management
© UN - E. Debebe
Access to education & health26
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Improving indigenous women’s access to reproductive health care
One of the key outcomes expected from the UNIPP Project in CAR is the strengthening of indigenous peoples’ sexual health and reproductive rights in accordance with the UNDRIP and ILO C169. This will be achieved through the adoption/implementation of appropriate legislation (see Legislative review and reform, p.10), better provision of health services to indigenous communities, and increased protection against sexual violence within the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country.
As an initial step, UNIPP is supporting several baseline studies among indigenous and surrounding communities to assess their respective situations in relation to gender relations, maternal and reproductive health and risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS. Some questions explore if/how attitudes differ between men and women (e.g. to a woman, “What do you do when you are pregnant?”; and to a man, “What do you do when your wife becomes pregnant?”); others the level of health care support available to women during pregnancy and childbirth. Participants are also asked about their experience of sexual or physical violence.
Findings from these studies (ongoing at the time of writing) will enable UNIPP to design programmes that respond to specific needs identified by indigenous
communities themselves. These will include initiatives to provide indigenous women and girls with better life skills and capacities concerning reproductive health.
In parallel, UNIPP has developed tailored materials in pictorial form so as to raise awareness of indigenous peoples’ rights, particularly their sexual health and reproductive rights, even among those who do not read or write. These visual aids illustrate scenarios in which these rights are challenged, and are used during meetings with indigenous communities both to build understanding and to stimulate reaction and discussion. Community members’ opinions are captured, so that they can be used to inform CAR’s ongoing legal and institutional reforms.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: gender relations I maternal health I HIV/AIDS prevention I legislative review
© UNIPP CAR
© UNIPP CAR
Access to education & health 27
REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Improving access to essential services in Congo’s Lékoumou, Likouala, Pool and Sangha regions
As part of supporting the implementation of Law No. 5-2011 on the promotion and protection of indigenous rights, UNIPP seeks to ensure that at least 10,000 children and 15,000 indigenous women have access to basic social services: health services (including vital immunizations, safe birthing facilities and HIV/AIDS treatment); hygiene and sanitation; birth registration; housing; and education.
In 2012-2013, UNIPP has been working to improve indigenous peoples’ access to social services in the administrative department of Lékoumou, in Congo’s north-east. In cooperation with the County Council and the Director General for Social Affairs, UNIPP organized a workshop attracting over 50 experts, including representatives from the High Court of First Instance, religious groups, indigenous peoples, Bantu peoples and local NGOs. This resulted in the adoption of a decentralized action plan for 2013–2017 aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of Lékoumou’s indigenous peoples. The plan addresses four strategic areas: Education; Health, Hygiene, Water and Sanitation; Economic Development and Human Rights and Citizenship; and Access to Basic Services.
Pilot initiatives are already under way in Lékoumou’s rural Zanaga and urban/semi-urban Sibiti districts. The first phase was launched in October 2013, with a community mapping exercise targeting both Bantu and indigenous households. This will establish the scope of the services currently available, and any differences in the access to, or use of, such services by indigenous and non-indigenous households. The information gathered will also provide a baseline against which to measure the impact of any initiatives UNIPP develops to enhance access to social services in the coming months.
Once the existing situation has been established, a community survey will be carried out aimed at better understanding any factors that inhibit or prevent indigenous communities from accessing basic services to which they are entitled. After developing an action plan based on the findings, relevant local authorities, such as health workers, teachers and social workers, will work with support from local NGOs to respond to identified needs and so improve the quality of life of vulnerable women and children in Sibiti and Zanaga.
More widely, UNIPP plans to address high maternal and infant mortality rates among indigenous communities by mentoring a number of indigenous traditional birth attendants over a three-year period. During this time, the birth attendants will work alongside government-appointed health workers within their communities. Recognizing the role of traditional birth attendants and better coordinating their work with national health services will enhance indigenous women’s experience of pregnancy and reduce their exposure to life-threatening complications.
Participants involved in developing 2013–17 decentralized action plan, Brazzaville, August 2013 © UNICEF
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: non-discrimination I maternal health I access to social services
© UNIPP Congo
28
© UN - John Isaac
Strengthening UN System coherence 29
NICARAGUA
Strengthening UN System coherence
In 2009, Nicaragua’s UN offices supported the creation of the Consultative Committee of Indigenous and Afro-descendant Peoples (known by its Spanish abbreviation, CCPIAN). The CCPIAN is made up of 12 members: six indigenous representatives (three from the autonomous regions and three from the Pacific, Centre and North of the country); three Afro-descendant representatives from the Caribbean Coast; and three eminent individuals known for their experience, knowledge and commitment to indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples’ rights. It offers advice to UN agencies working in Nicaragua to help them:
• better incorporate the rights of indigenous peoples into UN programmes, in accordance with UN Development Group guidelines and international instruments such as the UNDRIP;
• adopt a more intercultural approach to planning, monitoring and evaluating their programmes;
• strengthen UN programmes by drawing on lessons learned and examples of good practice provided to the CCPIAN by State institutions, civil society and community-based organizations on the basis of their own activities related to indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples’ issues.
Today, the concerns of indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples in Nicaragua systematically influence both the design and implementation of UNIPP’s programme there, with programme objectives and activities discussed and agreed jointly by the CCPIAN and UN agencies. CCPIAN members also serve on the programme’s executive and advisory boards, thereby upholding the UN’s commitment to respect indigenous peoples’ right to FPIC.
Moreover, the fact that the CCPIAN plays a consultative role for all UN agencies active in the country has helped bring about a more holistic approach to UN programming: the various activities led by different agencies are better coordinated and more complementary. As such, the CCPIAN is playing a key part in strengthening programme coherence, helping ensure that UN agencies in Nicaragua truly Deliver as One.
CROSS-CUTTING THEMES: democratic governance I development programming
© UNIPP Nicaragua
Supporting and strengthening UNIPP30
Resource mobilization
As well as galvanizing national and regional processes in support of indigenous peoples, UNIPP-supported projects have served as catalysts in mobilizing additional funds for similar initiatives. UNIPP initially invested US$ 1.7 million of seed resources. Since then, a further US$ 3.7 million has been raised for, and invested in, indigenous peoples’ issues.
In Bolivia, for example, UNIPP was instrumental in securing a financial contribution of approximately US$ 1.5 million from the European Union and the Danish Embassy in La Paz. This support enabled UN agencies such as UN Women, the World Health Organization and the World Food Programme to become more actively involved in local initiatives for indigenous peoples, thereby strengthening the notion of partnership upon which UNIPP is founded.
The additional funds will help extend the scope of activities designed to promote and enshrine indigenous peoples’ rights at the country level.
Supporting UNIPP
Word is getting out about UNIPP. Governments, indigenous organizations and UN Country Teams in areas neighbouring existing UNIPP programmes regularly approach UNIPP seeking assistance, indicating that the Partnership is responding to real needs.
UNIPP has been fortunate to enjoy strong support from the governments of Denmark, Finland and Ireland in its start-up phase. Nevertheless, it urgently requires additional funding if it is to broaden its reach and fulfil its objectives, to bring about lasting improvements in the lives of the world’s indigenous peoples.
The UN MPTF Office GATEWAY (http://mptf.undp.org), which provides real-time data on UNIPP’s finances, enables donors to see for themselves that UNIPP funds are being managed in a transparent and accountable manner.
Prospective donors are invited to contact UNIPP’s Technical Secretariat for more information.
Supporting and strengthening UNIPP 31
Partnership: an open invitation
Embodying the spirit of consultation and participation, UNIPP’s strength lies in the combined expertise and experience of its partners. Of the five lead Agencies, the OHCHR and the ILO are normative and expert organizations on the main international instruments on the rights of indigenous peoples, while UNDP is the leading agency on human development and UN reform. The involvement of UNFPA and UNICEF has enhanced UNIPP’s ability to develop tailored initiatives for indigenous women and children, who are among the most vulnerable of all indigenous peoples.
Yet it is cooperation with partners outside the UN System – indigenous peoples; government officials; civil society organizations; corporations; and of course donors – that gives UNIPP the capacity to broaden its reach and develop programmes that have real and lasting impact on indigenous peoples’ lives. In jointly designing UNIPP projects, these groups have forged alliances that will be essential in ensuring States adhere to international standards relating to indigenous peoples.
UNIPP programmes have already brought together more than 100 partners through 110 projects around the world, and new partners are always welcome.
UNIPP partnerships
Central African Republic
Republic of CongoNicaragua
Bolivia Cameroon
South-EastAsia
Nepal
ILOUNDP
OCHCRUNFPAUNICEF
UN Country Team
Governmentof Cameroon
Indigenousorganizations
Supporting and strengthening UNIPP32
Building on success
Some two years since its launch, UNIPP has already succeeded in making indigenous peoples’ issues more visible to a broad cross-section of society, while strengthening consultation mechanisms that encourage the participation of indigenous peoples in national development. It has provided space for dialogue and common understanding among national actors such as governments, human rights and indigenous organizations, and civil society, and has helped improve cooperation within the UN system. Several government development programmes have taken indigenous issues into account for the first time, and UN Country Teams are, increasingly, integrating these issues into their own work plans. Ongoing research on indigenous issues, conducted through consultation and baseline surveys, will help lay the foundations for future work and engagement with new partners.
The UNIPP impact measurement matrix (p.34-61) charts progress made, while providing a framework for future areas of programme focus. It indicates what UNIPP can achieve given adequate support.
Now is the time to build on this early momentum: to consolidate existing programmes and partnerships and apply the knowledge and experience gained individually and collectively to increase UNIPP’s impact and reach around the world.
© UNIPP
33
© UN - Mugabane
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l Ac
tion
Plan
for
impl
emen
tatio
n of
ILO
C16
9
• C
ontin
ued
lack
of c
larit
y on
impl
emen
tatio
n of
UN
DRI
P
• F
requ
ently
Ask
ed Q
uest
ions
doc
umen
t (F
AQ) o
n IL
O
C169
in d
evel
opm
ent
• G
over
nmen
t ab
ility
to
repo
rt o
n IL
O C
169
stre
ngth
ened
• C
onsu
ltatio
n on
Nat
iona
l Act
ion
Plan
for
impl
emen
tatio
n of
ILO
C16
9
Nic
arag
ua•
Rat
ifica
tion
of C
onve
ntio
n on
the
elim
inat
ion
of a
ll fo
rms
of
raci
al d
iscr
imin
atio
n (C
ERD
) (19
69)
• E
ndor
sem
ent
of U
ND
RIP
(200
7)
• R
atifi
catio
n of
ILO
C16
9 (2
010)
– e
xten
ded
to c
over
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
s
• U
NIP
P pr
ojec
t/ac
tiviti
es b
ased
on
impl
emen
tatio
n of
pro
visi
ons
of U
ND
RIP,
ILO
C16
9 an
d sp
ecifi
c re
com
men
datio
ns b
y U
N S
peci
al R
appo
rteu
r on
In
dige
nous
Issu
es
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• N
one
of U
NIP
P’s
mai
n ta
rget
cou
ntrie
s (In
done
sia,
Phi
lippi
nes,
Vi
etna
m) h
ave
ratifi
ed IL
O C
169
• E
ndor
sem
ent
of U
ND
RIP
(Indo
nesi
a, P
hilip
pine
s)
• U
NIP
P pr
ojec
t/ac
tiviti
es d
esig
ned
in li
ne w
ith p
rovi
sion
s of
UN
DRI
P, IL
O C
169
and
spec
ific
reco
mm
enda
tions
by
UN
Spe
cial
Rap
port
eur
on In
dige
nous
Issu
es
UNIPP key indicators 35
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rt2.
R
eco
gn
itio
n o
f IP
s in
th
e n
atio
nal
leg
al
fram
ewo
rk (e
.g. n
atio
nal
co
nst
itu
tio
n)
Boliv
ia•
Rec
ogni
tion
of r
ight
s of
IPs
in c
onst
itutio
n (1
995)
• O
ffici
al re
cogn
ition
of 3
7 in
dige
nous
gro
ups
• D
raft
ing
of la
w o
n rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n (a
ppro
val
expe
cted
Dec
201
3)
Cam
eroo
n•
Lac
k of
cla
rity
arou
nd id
entifi
catio
n of
Cam
eroo
n’s
IPs;
stu
dy
initi
ated
in 2
010
• C
onsu
ltatio
n &
stu
dy u
nder
way
to
iden
tify
IPs
(focu
sing
on
actio
ns in
itiat
ed b
y Af
rican
Com
mis
sion
on
Hum
an a
nd P
eopl
es’ R
ight
s (A
CHPR
) in
acco
rdan
ce
with
UN
DRI
P an
d IL
O C
169)
• S
uppo
rtin
g 7
mun
icip
aliti
es in
the
cou
ntry
’s E
aste
rn
Regi
on in
dev
elop
ing
draf
t lo
cal p
olic
ies
on IP
s
CAR
• M
inis
teria
l dec
ree
on p
rote
ctio
n of
indi
geno
us c
omm
uniti
es’
cultu
ral h
erita
ge a
nd t
heir
repr
esen
tatio
n in
Nat
iona
l Tr
ansi
tiona
l Cou
ncil
(200
3)
• T
he F
ores
t Co
de (2
008)
is th
e fir
st p
iece
of n
atio
nal l
egisl
atio
n to
defi
ne a
nd re
cogn
ize
the
right
s of
indi
geno
us fo
rest
pe
ople
s in
CAR
• G
over
nmen
t st
reng
then
ing
right
s of
IPs
in c
onte
xt o
f w
ider
gov
ernm
ent-
initi
ated
law
refo
rm p
roce
ss
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• L
aw N
o. 5
-201
1
• N
atio
nal A
ctio
n Pl
an o
n Im
prov
emen
t of
Qua
lity
of L
ife o
f In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
(200
9–20
13) -
dev
elop
ed b
y M
inis
try
of H
ealth
, Soc
ial A
ffai
rs a
nd F
amily
, UN
ICEF
and
Nat
iona
l N
etw
ork
of In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
of C
ongo
(REN
APAC
)
• D
raft
ing
and
sign
atur
e of
8 im
plem
entin
g de
cree
s of
th
e La
w N
o.5-
2011
• T
rans
latio
n of
Law
No.
5-2
011
into
the
Kitu
ba a
nd
Ling
ala
lang
uage
s
• A
ppro
val o
f com
mun
icat
ion
plan
aro
und
exte
nsio
n of
Act
on
prom
otio
n an
d pr
otec
tion
of IP
rig
hts
(Aug
20
13)
• L
egal
gap
ana
lysi
s of
exi
stin
g la
ws
conc
erne
d w
ith t
he
reco
gniti
on o
f IP
right
s in
Con
go
• L
egal
and
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
to h
elp
laun
ch a
de
cent
raliz
ed a
ctio
n pl
an fo
r 20
13–2
017
aim
ed a
t im
prov
ing
the
livin
g co
nditi
ons
of IP
s in
Lék
oum
ou
dist
rict
Nep
al•
NFD
IN A
ct (2
002)
• 2
0 po
int
agre
emen
t be
twee
n N
EFIN
, IPs
Join
t St
rugg
le
Com
mitt
ee a
nd t
he g
over
nmen
t on
7 A
ug 2
007
• IP
rig
hts
men
tione
d in
inte
rim c
onst
itutio
n (2
007)
• D
ialo
gue
and
inte
ract
ion
stre
ngth
ened
bet
wee
n IP
s an
d go
vern
men
t; co
llabo
rativ
e ap
proa
ch o
n de
velo
pmen
t pr
ogra
mm
es
UNIPP key indicators36In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
Nic
arag
ua•
Rec
ogni
tion
of IP
rig
hts
in c
onst
itutio
n (1
995)
(Art
. 5);
cons
titut
ion
esta
blis
hes
auto
nom
y in
the
com
mun
ities
on
the
East
Coa
st o
f Nic
arag
ua, k
now
n as
the
’Atla
ntic
Coa
st’.
• A
rts.
89,
90,
91,
180
, 181
, Rig
hts
of A
tlant
ic C
oast
Co
mm
uniti
es (C
onst
itutio
nal R
efor
m 1
987)
• Im
plem
enta
tion
of v
ario
us le
gisl
atio
ns re
leva
nt t
o in
dige
nous
peo
ples
(Law
on
Trad
ition
al M
edic
ine
in
2011
and
Law
799
on
Viol
ence
aga
inst
Wom
en)
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• C
onst
itutio
nal r
ecog
nitio
n in
: Mal
aysi
a (1
957)
; Phi
lippi
nes,
In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
’ Rig
hts
Act
(IPRA
) (19
97);
Cam
bodi
a, L
and
Law
(200
1)
• In
som
e co
untr
ies
(e.g
. Vie
tnam
, Lao
s), I
Ps re
ferr
ed t
o as
et
hnic
min
oriti
es
• In
done
sia:
Dra
ft n
atio
nal l
aw o
n IP
rig
hts
in
deve
lopm
ent
3.
Ava
ilab
ilit
y/
exis
ten
ce o
f sp
ecifi
c
gu
idel
ines
an
d p
oli
cies
re
lati
ng
to
IPs
Boliv
ia•
Ref
eren
ce t
o Ri
ght
to c
onsu
ltatio
n in
Hyd
roca
rbon
s La
w N
o.
3058
(200
5) a
nd E
xecu
tive
Ord
ers
Nos
. 290
33 (2
007)
and
29
574
(200
8)
• N
atio
nal T
echn
ical
Com
mis
sion
man
date
d to
dev
elop
le
gal f
ram
ewor
k go
vern
ing
right
to
cons
ulta
tion
• D
raft
ing
law
to
prot
ect
high
ly v
ulne
rabl
e IP
s (a
ppro
val
expe
cted
Dec
201
3)
Cam
eroo
n•
Sev
eral
law
s un
der
revi
ew (e
.g. f
ores
try,
land
refo
rm, m
inin
g)
• D
raft
pol
icy
on IP
s in
dev
elop
men
t (M
inis
try
of S
ocia
l Aff
airs
w
ith W
orld
Ban
k su
ppor
t)
• D
raft
loca
l pol
icie
s on
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es d
evel
oped
by
7 m
unic
ipal
ities
• D
ialo
gue
with
Min
istr
y of
Soc
ial A
ffai
rs o
n in
clus
ion
of
IPs
in S
trat
egy
pape
r fo
r G
row
th a
nd E
mpl
oym
ent
• D
evel
opm
ent
of s
trat
egy
pape
r on
Incl
usio
n of
Vu
lner
able
Soc
ial G
roup
s in
Maj
or D
evel
opm
ent
Proj
ects
, with
FPI
C fo
cus
(Min
istr
y of
Soc
ial A
ffai
rs)
• M
inis
try
of S
ocia
l Aff
airs
est
ablis
hed
body
in c
harg
e of
pr
omot
ion
and
prot
ectio
n of
IP r
ight
s (2
013)
CAR
• M
inis
teria
l dec
ree
on p
rote
ctio
n of
indi
geno
us c
omm
uniti
es’
cultu
ral h
erita
ge a
nd t
heir
repr
esen
tatio
n in
Nat
iona
l Tr
ansi
tiona
l Cou
ncil
(200
3)
• A
Vol
unta
ry P
artn
ersh
ip A
gree
men
t (V
PA) b
etw
een
the
Euro
pean
Uni
on a
nd C
AR p
rovi
des
a fr
amew
ork
base
d on
pr
inci
ples
tha
t in
clud
e re
spec
t fo
r in
dige
nous
rig
hts
and
for
envi
ronm
enta
l leg
isla
tion
(21
Dec
201
0)
• W
ith H
igh
Com
mis
sion
er fo
r H
uman
Rig
hts,
IPs
and
NG
Os,
dev
elop
men
t/re
visi
on o
f dra
ft B
ill o
f Rig
hts
on
prom
otio
n of
IPs
in C
AR (i
n ci
rcul
atio
n pr
ior
to v
ote
in
tran
sitio
nal p
arlia
men
t)
UNIPP key indicators 37
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rtRe
publ
ic o
f Con
go•
Law
No.
5-2
011
(201
1)•
Lau
nch
of D
ecen
tral
ized
Act
ion
Plan
(201
3–20
17) o
n IP
liv
ing
cond
ition
s in
Lék
oum
ou d
istr
ict
• IP
issu
es in
tegr
ated
into
Nat
iona
l Dev
elop
men
t Pl
an
(201
2–20
16)
• R
evis
ion
and
adop
tion
of N
atio
nal A
ctio
n Pl
an t
o im
prov
e IP
livi
ng c
ondi
tions
201
4–20
17 (A
ug 2
013)
Nep
al•
IPs
incl
uded
in 9
th &
10t
h Fi
ve Y
ear
Plan
; Loc
al S
elf-
Gov
ernm
ent
Act
(199
9); T
hree
Yea
r In
terim
Pla
n (2
007)
; am
endm
ents
of N
epal
Civ
il Se
rvic
e La
ws,
Mili
tary
Act
and
Po
lice
Regu
latio
n (2
007)
; Ord
inan
ce o
n In
clus
ion
in P
ublic
Se
rvic
e (2
009)
• C
ivil
Serv
ice
quot
as fo
r in
dige
nous
repr
esen
tatio
n
• A
lignm
ent
of la
ws
with
ILO
C16
9 in
itiat
ed in
G
over
nmen
t’s 2
nd In
terim
Pla
n
• S
tate
bud
get
allo
cate
d fo
r pr
omot
ion
of IL
O C
169
• D
istr
ict
Coor
dina
tion
Com
mitt
ee fo
rmed
follo
win
g ne
w
polic
y ba
sed
on N
EFIN
/ G
over
nmen
t ag
reem
ent
Nic
arag
ua•
Law
28
– St
atut
e of
aut
onom
y of
Atla
ntic
Coa
st re
gion
s of
N
icar
agua
(198
7)
• L
aw 1
62 –
on
offic
ial u
se o
f lan
guag
e of
Atla
ntic
Coa
st o
f N
icar
agua
com
mun
ities
(199
3)
• L
aw 4
45 –
on
com
mun
al p
rope
rty
regi
me
for
indi
geno
us
and
ethn
ic c
omm
uniti
es o
n At
lant
ic C
oast
and
Boc
ay, C
oco
&
Indi
o M
aíz
Rive
r (2
002)
• L
aw o
n An
cest
ral T
radi
tiona
l Med
icin
e (L
aw 7
57 -
2011
)
• L
aw o
n de
cent
and
fair
trea
tmen
t of
indi
geno
us/A
fro-
desc
enda
nt p
eopl
e (L
aw 7
59 -
2011
)
• T
echn
ical
sup
port
to
adva
nce
the
appr
oval
pro
cess
of
the
“M
unic
ipal
Crim
e Pr
even
tion
Act
on H
uman
Tr
affic
king
”, a
nd t
he in
tegr
atio
n of
IPs
into
the
sec
ond
phas
e of
the
“Ec
onom
ic R
eint
egra
tion
Prog
ram
fo
r Vu
lner
able
Mig
rant
Pop
ulat
ion”
und
er w
ay in
M
unic
ipal
ity o
f San
Luc
as
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• U
ND
P Re
gion
al In
itiat
ive
on In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
’ Rig
hts
and
Dev
elop
men
t (R
IPP)
est
ablis
hed
in S
ept
2004
with
in t
he
fram
ewor
k of
UN
DP’
s Po
licy
of E
ngag
emen
t with
Indi
geno
us
Peop
les
(200
1) &
gui
ded
by p
rinci
ples
of U
ND
RIP
and
furt
her
stre
ngth
ened
by
UN
DG
’s a
dopt
ion
of G
uide
lines
to
mai
nstr
eam
IP is
sues
into
the
wor
k of
UN
Cou
ntry
Tea
ms
(Feb
20
08)
• P
hilip
pine
s: IP
RA (1
997)
• In
done
sia:
Dra
ft n
atio
nal l
aw o
n IP
rig
hts
• L
aos:
Dra
ftin
g of
new
Leg
al S
ecto
r Re
form
Mas
ter
Plan
(in
cl. I
P is
sues
)
• P
hilip
pine
s: fu
rthe
r im
plem
enta
tion
of IP
RA
UNIPP key indicators38In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
4.
Dis
agg
reg
ated
dat
a an
d in
form
atio
n o
n IP
s in
th
e co
un
try
Boliv
ia•
200
1 an
d 20
12 p
opul
atio
n ce
nsus
es a
nd a
nnua
l hou
sing
su
rvey
s sh
owed
num
ber
of p
eopl
e w
ho s
elf-
iden
tified
as
indi
geno
us
• C
ondu
cted
a p
artic
ipat
ory
stud
y on
the
situ
atio
n of
H
ighl
y Vu
lner
able
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es in
the
Am
azon
Cam
eroo
n•
“In
dige
nous
and
Trib
al P
eopl
es a
nd P
over
ty R
educ
tion
Stra
tegi
es in
Cam
eroo
n” (2
005)
- pa
rtic
ipat
ory
stud
y un
dert
aken
by
ILO
with
in c
onte
xt o
f eth
nic
audi
t of
Pov
erty
Re
duct
ion
Stra
tegy
Pap
ers
(PRS
Ps);
350
Baka
and
Bag
yeli
men
an
d w
omen
con
sulte
d in
ove
r 48
com
mun
ities
• E
valu
atio
n of
the
con
form
ity o
f the
Cam
eroo
nian
lega
l fr
amew
ork
with
inte
rnat
iona
l and
regi
onal
sta
ndar
ds o
f pr
otec
tion
and
prom
otio
n of
IPs
unde
r w
ay (2
013)
• C
omm
ents
pro
vide
d to
MIN
FOF,
clar
ifyin
g de
finiti
on o
f “i
ndig
enou
s pe
ople
s” in
acc
orda
nce
with
inte
rnat
iona
l st
anda
rds,
and
reco
mm
endi
ng t
hat
gove
rnm
ent
appl
y th
e pr
inci
ple
of c
onsu
ltatio
n m
ore
syst
emat
ical
ly
CAR
• R
epor
t of
the
Afr
ican
Com
mis
sion
’s W
orki
ng G
roup
on
indi
geno
us p
opul
atio
ns/c
omm
uniti
es b
ased
on
rese
arch
/in
form
atio
n vi
sit
(200
7)
• U
NIP
P st
udie
s on
:
-IP
sex
ual h
ealth
and
repr
oduc
tive
right
s (in
cl. H
IV/
AID
S pr
even
tion)
-w
orki
ng c
ondi
tions
of I
Ps in
nat
ure
cons
erva
tion/
fore
stry
-ge
nder
rela
tions
in in
dige
nous
and
sur
roun
ding
co
mm
uniti
es
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• N
atio
nal s
urve
ys: D
emog
raph
ic a
nd h
ealth
sur
vey
(201
1);
Situ
atio
n of
chi
ldre
n an
d in
dige
nous
wom
en in
the
Con
go
(200
6); I
ndig
enou
s pe
ople
s’ in
stitu
tions
, val
ues
and
prac
tices
: le
sson
s fo
r th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of in
dige
nous
chi
ldre
n’s
and
wom
en’s
rig
hts
(201
2)
• U
NIC
EF: r
epor
t on
soc
ial n
orm
s an
d pr
actic
es o
f IPs
in C
ongo
(2
009)
• S
tudy
on
IPs’
lega
l and
soc
io-c
ultu
ral o
rgan
izat
ions
and
th
eir
impa
ct o
n im
plem
enta
tion
of r
ight
s of
indi
geno
us
wom
en a
nd c
hild
ren
Nep
al•
200
1 ce
nsus
: dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
base
d on
eth
nici
ty
publ
ishe
d•
Not
app
licab
le
Nic
arag
ua•
200
5 ce
nsus
: “m
embe
rshi
p of
an
indi
geno
us o
r Af
ro-
desc
enda
nt c
omm
unity
” an
d “l
angu
age
use”
reco
rded
for
the
first
tim
e
• W
ork
unde
r w
ay t
o in
trod
uce
ques
tions
refle
ctin
g in
dige
nous
and
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
peo
ples
’ situ
atio
n in
na
tiona
l cen
sus
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• R
IPP
publ
icat
ions
: Brid
ging
the
Gap
: Pol
icie
s an
d Pr
actic
es o
n In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
’ Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t in
Asi
a (2
007)
• P
rodu
ced
a fo
rthc
omin
g pu
blic
atio
n on
rig
hts
of IP
s to
th
eir
land
s an
d na
tura
l res
ourc
es, p
artic
ular
ly v
is-à
-vis
ex
trac
tive
indu
strie
s
• R
evie
win
g ov
eral
l situ
atio
n of
“in
dige
nous
peo
ples
” in
So
uth-
East
Asi
a re
gard
ing
prot
ectio
n of
IP r
ight
s to
land
an
d na
tura
l res
ourc
es a
nd a
dvoc
acy
initi
ativ
es
UNIPP key indicators 39
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rt5.
Ex
iste
nce
of
nat
ion
al
inst
itu
tio
n s
pec
ifica
lly
dea
lin
g w
ith
ind
igen
ou
s is
sues
Boliv
ia•
8 IP
Edu
catio
n Co
unci
ls
• N
atio
nal T
echn
ical
Com
mis
sion
est
ablis
hed
with
m
anda
te t
o de
velo
p le
gal f
ram
ewor
k go
vern
ing
right
to
con
sulta
tion
• D
raft
law
s on
rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n an
d pr
otec
tion
of
high
ly v
ulne
rabl
e IP
s pr
opos
e th
at s
peci
fic p
osts
are
cr
eate
d to
man
age
indi
geno
us is
sues
with
in t
he b
ody
man
date
d to
impl
emen
t th
ese
law
s
• U
NIP
P w
orki
ng c
lose
ly w
ith M
inis
try
of t
he In
terio
r an
d Bo
livia
’s P
lurin
atio
nal L
egis
lativ
e As
sem
bly
CAR
• H
igh
Com
mis
sion
er fo
r H
uman
Rig
hts
and
Goo
d G
over
nanc
e (s
peci
aliz
ed p
ublic
inst
itutio
n at
tach
ed t
o Pr
esid
ency
)•
Str
engt
heni
ng c
apac
ity o
f Com
mitt
ee fo
r Dev
elop
men
t of
Nat
iona
l Law
on
Righ
ts o
f Ind
igen
ous
Peop
les
to
impl
emen
t an
d m
onito
r IL
O C
169/
UN
DRI
P
• C
reat
ion
of M
inis
try
of In
dige
nous
and
Rel
igio
us A
ffai
rs
(Apr
il 20
13)
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• R
ENAP
AC•
Str
engt
heni
ng o
f nat
iona
l ins
titut
ions
thr
ough
UN
IPP
trai
ning
act
iviti
es
Nep
al•
NFD
IN
• N
HRC
str
ateg
ic p
lan
cove
rs IP
s
• N
HRC
est
ablis
hed
divi
sion
on
colle
ctiv
e rig
hts,
gen
der
and
soci
al in
clus
ion,
whi
ch c
over
s IP
issu
es
Nic
arag
ua•
Sec
reta
ry fo
r D
evel
opm
ent
of A
tlant
ic C
oast
(200
7)
• S
ecre
tary
for
Indi
geno
us a
nd A
fro-
desc
enda
nt a
ffai
rs (2
008)
• C
lose
coo
rdin
atio
n w
ith S
ecre
tary
of I
ndig
enou
s an
d Af
ro-d
esce
ndan
t Af
fairs
in a
ctiv
ities
pla
nned
by
the
prog
ram
me
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• P
hilip
pine
s: N
atio
nal C
omm
issi
on o
n In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
• P
hilip
pine
s: U
NIP
P w
orki
ng c
lose
ly w
ith H
ouse
of
Repr
esen
tativ
es’ C
omm
ittee
on
Nat
iona
l Cul
tura
l Co
mm
uniti
es, N
atio
nal C
omm
issi
on o
n H
uman
Rig
hts
(HRC
) and
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es
(NCI
P)
UNIPP key indicators40In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
6.
Rec
og
nit
ion
of
ind
igen
ou
s cu
sto
mar
y le
gal
sys
tem
Boliv
ia•
Equ
al re
pres
enta
tion
of ju
dges
from
ord
inar
y co
urts
/in
dige
nous
just
ice
syst
ems
in c
onst
itutio
nal c
ourt
• B
ill o
n ad
min
istr
atio
n of
just
ice
for
IPs
and
peas
ant
com
mun
ities
sub
mitt
ed t
o Co
ngre
ss (2
007)
• R
esea
rch
on c
usto
mar
y de
cisi
on-m
akin
g an
d di
sput
e re
solu
tion
in in
dige
nous
com
mun
ities
CAR
• N
on-r
ecog
nitio
n of
IP c
usto
mar
y rig
hts
to t
radi
tiona
l lan
d•
As
part
of r
evis
ion
of la
w o
n D
ecen
tral
izat
ion,
di
scus
sion
with
Gov
ernm
ent
to le
galiz
e sy
stem
of
adm
inis
trat
ion/
man
agem
ent
of in
dige
nous
terr
itorie
s (c
onsi
derin
g IP
cus
tom
s/tr
aditi
onal
soc
ial h
iera
rchy
)
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• L
aw N
o. 5
-201
1 re
cogn
izes
indi
geno
us c
usto
mar
y la
w•
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
Law
No
5-20
11
Nep
al•
No
dire
ct, s
peci
fic re
cogn
ition
of t
radi
tiona
l leg
al a
nd p
oliti
cal
syst
ems
(pre
serv
atio
n of
tra
ditio
nal c
ourt
s/so
cial
sys
tem
s in
so
me
com
mun
ities
)
• In
line
with
ILO
C16
9, S
upre
me
Cour
t is
sued
dire
ctiv
e to
ens
ure
effe
ctiv
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of IP
s in
Con
stitu
ent
Asse
mbl
y
Nic
arag
ua•
No
refe
renc
e to
app
licat
ion
of in
dige
nous
just
ice
in n
atio
nal
cons
titut
ion
• L
aw 2
8: T
he a
uton
omy
stat
ute
for
the
Regi
ons
of t
he A
tlant
ic
Coas
t of
Nic
arag
ua re
cogn
izes
spe
cial
regu
latio
ns p
erta
inin
g to
adm
inis
trat
ion
of ju
stic
e in
aut
onom
ous
regi
ons
“whi
ch
refle
ct t
he p
artic
ular
ities
of t
he c
ultu
res
of t
he C
omm
uniti
es
of t
he A
tlant
ic C
oast
” (C
onst
itutio
n, A
rt. 1
8)
• P
enal
Cod
e (L
aw 6
41) p
rovi
des
for
cert
ain
crim
es/
mis
dem
eano
urs
com
mitt
ed b
y m
embe
rs o
f ind
igen
ous/
ethn
ic A
tlant
ic C
oast
com
mun
ities
to
be ju
dged
bas
ed o
n cu
stom
ary
right
s, p
rovi
ded
this
doe
s no
t co
ntra
dict
the
na
tiona
l con
stitu
tion
(Art
. 20)
• E
ffor
ts t
o im
prov
e co
ordi
natio
n of
indi
geno
us ju
stic
e sy
stem
s w
ith S
upre
me
Just
ice
Cour
t (in
acc
orda
nce
with
pen
al c
ode
and
Law
28)
:
-co
urse
led
by In
stitu
te o
f Hig
her
Judi
cial
Stu
dies
on
“Hum
an r
ight
s an
d In
dige
nous
and
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
co
mm
unity
rig
hts
in N
icar
agua
” (p
artic
ipan
ts
incl
uded
15
indi
geno
us/A
fro-
desc
enda
nt
repr
esen
tativ
es.)
Two
follo
w-u
p co
urse
s on
terr
itoria
l rig
hts
cond
ucte
d in
Aut
onom
ous
regi
ons
of t
he
Atla
ntic
nor
th a
nd A
tlant
ic s
outh
(for
bot
h na
tiona
l ju
stic
e op
erat
ors
and
com
mun
al/t
errit
oria
l tra
ditio
nal
judg
es);
12 in
dige
nous
and
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
re
pres
enta
tives
par
ticip
ated
in e
ach
activ
ity
-24
just
ice
oper
ator
s w
orki
ng in
indi
geno
us/A
fro-
desc
enda
nt te
rrito
ries
natio
nwid
e (m
ostly
mes
tizos
; so
me
IPs/
Afro
-des
cend
ants
)
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• P
hilip
pine
s: In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
Rig
hts
Act
1997
(IPR
A La
w)
-In
done
sia:
Dra
ft la
w o
n IP
rig
hts
(Mas
yara
kat A
dat
Bill)
focu
ses
on c
usto
mar
y la
w
• In
done
sia: C
onst
itutio
nal C
ourt
has
acc
epte
d Ju
dici
al
Revi
ew o
f Act
No.
41/
1999
on
Fore
stry
(Und
ang-
Und
ang
Kehu
tana
n or
UU
K) s
ubm
itted
by
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es’
Allia
nce
of th
e Ar
chip
elag
o (A
MAN
), U
NIP
P’s
mai
n pa
rtne
r in
Indo
nesia
. Con
stitu
tiona
l Cou
rt h
as d
ecid
ed th
at
“Cus
tom
ary
Fore
st is
fore
st in
the
ance
stra
l dom
ain/
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es te
rrito
ry”.
Thi
s is
to re
plac
e th
e ar
ticle
in
the
Fore
stry
Law
, say
ing
: “cu
stom
ary
fore
st is
Sta
te
Fore
st in
indi
geno
us te
rrito
ry”
UNIPP key indicators 41
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rt7.
In
clu
sio
n o
f IP
ri
gh
ts in
co
un
try
po
lici
es, d
evel
op
men
t p
rog
ram
mes
an
d
stra
teg
ies
Boliv
ia•
IP o
rgan
izat
ions
con
sulte
d du
ring
deve
lopm
ent
of 2
008–
2012
UN
Dev
elop
men
t As
sist
ance
Fra
mew
ork
(UN
DAF
). M
DG
m
onito
ring
resu
lts in
clud
e di
sagg
rega
ted
data
acc
ordi
ng t
o et
hnic
orig
ins
• 2
013–
2017
UN
DAF
incl
udes
pro
mot
ion
of r
ight
to
cons
ulta
tion
as a
key
obj
ectiv
e to
impl
emen
t IP
rig
hts
Cam
eroo
n•
Pro
gram
me
to P
rom
ote
ILO
Con
vent
ion
No.
169
(PRO
169
) ac
tive
in C
amer
oon
sinc
e 20
01, i
n co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith O
HCH
R,
activ
ities
prim
arily
focu
sed
on re
sear
ch in
to le
gal f
ram
ewor
k fo
r th
e pr
otec
tion
of t
he r
ight
s of
IPs,
and
on
the
inte
grat
ion
of IP
nee
ds a
nd p
riorit
ies
into
the
PRS
P pr
oces
s
• U
ND
AF re
fers
to
IPs
in re
latio
n to
gro
wth
, pov
erty
and
vu
lner
abili
ty
• IP
issu
es w
idel
y di
scus
sed
and
incl
uded
in n
atio
nal
agen
da fo
r po
st-2
015
MD
Gs
• In
clus
ion
of IP
vie
ws
in n
atio
nal S
trat
egic
Doc
umen
t fo
r G
row
th a
nd E
mpl
oym
ent,
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
M
inis
try
of S
ocia
l Aff
airs
CAR
• V
PA b
etw
een
Euro
pean
Uni
on a
nd C
AR p
rovi
des
a fr
amew
ork
base
d on
prin
cipl
es th
at in
clud
e re
spec
t fo
r ind
igen
ous
right
s an
d fo
r env
ironm
enta
l leg
islat
ion
(21
Dec
201
0). I
mpr
oved
fo
rest
gov
erna
nce
and
refo
rms
of le
gal f
ram
ewor
k ar
e at
the
hear
t of
this
agre
emen
t
• In
con
text
of P
RSP,
the
them
atic
gro
up “
Gov
erna
nce
and
the
Rule
of L
aw”
(mad
e up
of g
over
nmen
t to
geth
er w
ith th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
and
civ
il so
ciet
y) is
dev
elop
ing
actio
n pl
ans
that
will
take
indi
geno
us p
artic
ipat
ion
into
acc
ount
, inc
ludi
ng
awar
enes
s ra
ising
on
rule
s an
d pr
inci
ples
of i
ndig
enou
s rig
hts
• P
lann
ed a
ctiv
ities
on
hold
pen
ding
impr
oved
pol
itica
l/se
curit
y si
tuat
ion
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• IL
O, i
n co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith O
HCH
R, p
rovi
ded
tech
nica
l ass
istan
ce
to M
inist
ry o
f Jus
tice
in d
raft
ing
Law
on
the
Righ
ts o
f In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
• R
esea
rch
unde
rtak
en b
y PR
O 1
69 o
n be
st p
ract
ices
for
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
prin
cipl
es o
f ILO
C16
9
• In
dige
nous
peo
ples
’ rig
hts
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt in
:
-U
NIC
EF C
ount
ry P
rogr
amm
e D
ocum
ent
2014
–201
8
-U
ND
AF 2
014–
2018
UNIPP key indicators42In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
Nep
al•
UN
DAF
: rel
evan
t ac
tiviti
es in
clud
ed u
nder
Out
puts
9.2
& 3
.2
• D
ecen
t W
ork
Coun
try
Plan
(DW
CP):
incl
uded
und
er P
riorit
y 3:
Pro
moti
on o
f fun
dam
enta
l prin
cipl
es a
nd ri
ghts
at w
ork
(indi
cato
r 3.
1.5)
• W
ith M
inis
try
of F
eder
al A
ffai
rs a
nd L
ocal
D
evel
opm
ent(
MO
FALD
), de
velo
pmen
t of
Nat
iona
l G
uide
lines
on
Cons
ulta
tion
and
FPIC
• K
ey m
essa
ges
and
resp
onse
s to
FAQ
on
ILO
C16
9 id
entifi
ed a
nd d
ocum
ente
d fo
r jo
int
publ
icat
ion
by IL
O,
MO
FALD
, NH
RI
• N
atio
nal/l
ocal
sta
keho
lder
s tr
aine
d in
ILO
C16
9
• C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
to m
onito
r/ im
plem
ent
Inte
rnat
iona
l La
bour
Sta
ndar
ds
Nic
arag
ua•
Con
sulta
tive
Com
mitt
ee fo
r In
dige
nous
and
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
pe
ople
s fo
r U
N s
yste
m in
Nic
arag
ua (C
CPIA
N-U
NS)
form
ed
(200
8)
• E
thni
c pe
rspe
ctiv
e in
clud
ed in
UN
DAF
Mid
-Ter
m re
view
(2
010)
and
CC
A/U
ND
AF p
roce
ss (2
013–
2017
)
• C
ontin
ued
effo
rts
to s
tren
gthe
n CC
PIAN
-UN
S
• S
uppo
rtin
g in
tegr
atio
n of
IPs
into
sec
ond
phas
e of
“E
cono
mic
Rei
nteg
ratio
n Pr
ogra
m fo
r Vu
lner
able
M
igra
nt P
opul
atio
n” u
nder
way
in M
unic
ipal
ity o
f San
Lu
cas
8.
Pro
tect
ion
of
IP
cust
om
ary
lan
d r
igh
ts
(e.g
. lan
d t
itli
ng
, d
emar
cati
on
)
Boliv
ia•
Nat
iona
l Ins
titut
e fo
r Ag
raria
n Re
form
(IN
RA, 1
996)
, Co
mm
unity
-Bas
ed A
grar
ian
Refo
rm R
enew
al (2
006)
• IN
RA g
rant
ed c
olle
ctiv
e tit
les
to 1
90 IP
org
aniz
atio
ns,
cove
ring
tota
l are
a of
20
mill
ion
hect
ares
(20%
of t
otal
titl
ed
land
s)
• T
he d
raft
law
on
prio
r co
nsul
tatio
n re
cogn
ized
in
dige
nous
peo
ples
rig
hts
to t
heir
cust
omar
y la
nd a
nd
trad
ition
al a
utho
ritie
s
Cam
eroo
n•
Ong
oing
land
and
fore
stry
law
refo
rm
• M
appi
ng o
f IP
terr
itorie
s by
sev
eral
NG
Os,
con
trib
utin
g to
be
tter
reco
gniti
on o
f ind
igen
ous
villa
ges
by lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s
• F
ight
aga
inst
land
gra
bbin
g du
e to
min
ing
proj
ects
or
indu
stria
l pla
nts
on IP
s an
cest
ral l
ands
• In
clus
ion
of IP
rig
hts
in n
ew d
raft
fore
stry
law
• C
aucu
s on
IP a
nd la
nd r
ight
s
CAR
• In
form
al a
rran
gem
ents
aro
und
delin
eatio
n of
agr
o-pa
stor
al
area
s se
rved
as
inte
rim s
olut
ion
to c
onfli
cts
betw
een
farm
ers
and
Mbo
roro
s he
rder
s
• S
tren
gthe
ning
reco
gniti
on o
f ind
igen
ous
cust
omar
y la
w in
man
agem
ent
polic
y of
land
and
terr
itorie
s tr
aditi
onal
ly o
ccup
ied
by IP
s
• P
rom
otio
n of
eff
ectiv
e co
nsul
tatio
n w
ith IP
s, in
ac
cord
ance
with
app
licab
le r
ules
UNIPP key indicators 43
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rtRe
publ
ic o
f Con
go•
Rec
ogni
tion
of s
ome
colle
ctiv
e an
d cu
stom
ary
prop
erty
rig
hts
in la
nd la
w, s
ubje
ct t
o co
mpa
tibili
ty w
ith re
gist
ered
tit
le d
eeds
• F
ores
try
Code
pro
vide
s fo
r so
me
form
of c
olle
ctiv
e pr
ivat
e ow
ners
hip
• O
f the
8 e
nabl
ing
decr
ees
of L
aw N
o. 5
-201
1 ar
e fiv
e re
leva
nt to
cus
tom
ary
land
righ
ts o
f IPs
: 1) p
rote
ctio
n of
site
s w
ith c
ultu
ral o
r spi
ritua
l sig
nific
ance
for I
Ps; 2
) sh
arin
g of
ben
efits
aris
ing
from
use
and
exp
loita
tion
of t
radi
tiona
l kno
wle
dge;
3) m
easu
res
to fa
cilit
ate
IP
acce
ss to
hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
vice
s an
d to
pro
tect
th
eir t
radi
tiona
l med
icin
al p
ract
ices
; 4) p
roce
dure
s to
en
sure
IPs
are
cons
ulte
d on
/par
ticip
ate
in e
cono
mic
de
velo
pmen
t pr
ogra
mm
es; a
nd 5
) con
ditio
ns fo
r offi
cial
re
cogn
ition
of i
ndig
enou
s vi
llage
s
Nep
al•
Los
s of
acc
ess
to la
nd/f
ores
t du
e to
land
refo
rm a
nd fo
rest
le
gisl
atio
n an
d na
tiona
lizat
ion
• L
and
Refo
rm C
omm
issi
on fo
rmed
(200
8) w
ith 1
indi
geno
us
repr
esen
tativ
e
• D
evel
opm
ent
of F
AQ (s
ee a
bove
) cov
ers
resp
ect
of
thes
e rig
hts
Nic
arag
ua•
Law
445
and
its
regu
latio
n in
200
2•
2 w
orks
hops
con
duct
ed w
ith in
dige
nous
and
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
lead
ers
and
just
ice
oper
ator
s re
gard
ing
indi
geno
us a
nd A
fro-
desc
enda
nts’
peo
ples
’ ter
ritor
ial
right
s in
Car
ibbe
an C
oast
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• T
haila
nd: r
ecog
nitio
n of
cus
tom
ary
natu
ral r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent
by lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es; f
ailu
re t
o in
clud
e IP
s in
la
nd re
form
pro
cess
es
• C
ambo
dia:
incl
usio
n of
IPs
in la
nd la
w fr
om 2
001
• R
ecog
nitio
n of
IPs’
anc
estr
al d
omai
n th
roug
h th
e is
suin
g of
a
Cert
ifica
te o
f Anc
estr
al D
omai
n Ti
tle (C
ADT)
is p
rovi
ded
for
by t
he IP
RA. S
ince
201
2, 1
41 C
ADTs
hav
e be
en a
ppro
ved,
co
verin
g 3.
5 m
illio
n he
ctar
es o
f ind
igen
ous
ance
stra
l lan
ds
and
over
843
,000
indi
geno
us p
eopl
e
• In
done
sia:
Con
stitu
tiona
l Cou
rt r
ulin
g th
at IP
s ar
e le
gal
subj
ects
and
will
rega
in t
heir
right
s ov
er c
usto
mar
y fo
rest
s pr
evio
usly
sei
zed
by t
he S
tate
(201
3). A
roun
d 40
mill
ion
hect
ares
of I
Ps’ t
errit
orie
s un
der
this
pr
ovis
ion
UNIPP key indicators44In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
9.
Exis
ten
ce o
f sp
ecifi
c p
rog
ram
mes
fo
r in
dig
eno
us
wo
men
, ch
ild
ren
or
you
th
Boliv
ia•
Civ
il Re
gist
ratio
n Se
rvic
e ta
rget
s in
dige
nous
wom
en a
nd
child
ren
• E
mpl
oym
ent
prog
ram
mes
exi
st fo
r in
dige
nous
wom
en in
ru
ral a
reas
• D
evel
opm
ent
plan
s an
d co
oper
atio
n ag
reem
ent
sign
ed b
etw
een
UN
IPP
and
the
five
Hig
hly
Vuln
erab
le
Indi
geno
us G
roup
s in
the
Pan
do re
gion
incl
ude
spec
ific
actio
ns t
arge
ted
tow
ards
indi
geno
us w
omen
, chi
ldre
n an
d yo
uth
• D
raft
law
on
prio
r co
nsul
tatio
n w
ith IP
s is
dev
elop
ed
and
diss
emin
ated
in a
par
ticip
ator
y m
anne
r, w
ith
emph
asis
on
part
icip
atio
n of
indi
geno
us w
omen
Cam
eroo
n•
PRO
169
tar
gete
d in
dige
nous
wom
en a
nd y
outh
in it
s ca
paci
ty b
uild
ing
activ
ities
• U
NIC
EF/G
over
nmen
t co
oper
atio
n pr
ogra
mm
e fo
r 20
13–1
7 de
sign
ed t
o in
clud
e sp
ecifi
c pr
ojec
ts o
n in
dige
nous
wom
en, g
irls
and
yout
h
• O
ther
age
ncie
s en
cour
aged
to
intr
oduc
e si
mila
rly
spec
ific
proj
ects
CAR
• H
igh
rate
of m
ater
nal a
nd c
hild
mor
talit
y an
d H
IV/A
IDS;
w
omen
oft
en v
ictim
s of
sex
ual v
iole
nce;
pro
blem
s w
ith b
irth
regi
stra
tion
• S
tudy
on
gend
er re
latio
ns in
indi
geno
us a
nd
surr
ound
ing
com
mun
ities
• D
evel
opin
g ca
paci
ties/
life
skill
s in
repr
oduc
tive
heal
th
amon
g in
dige
nous
girl
s/w
omen
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• In
the
con
text
of t
he d
raft
ing
of L
aw N
o. 5
-201
1, IL
O a
nd
OH
CHR
prov
ided
tra
inin
g on
IP r
ight
s fo
r go
vern
men
t of
ficia
ls, N
GO
s an
d in
dige
nous
repr
esen
tativ
es, w
ith a
focu
s on
enc
oura
ging
the
par
ticip
atio
n of
indi
geno
us w
omen
and
yo
uth
in c
onsu
ltatio
ns o
n th
e dr
aft
law
• S
teep
ris
e in
num
ber
of in
dige
nous
wom
en v
otin
g in
201
2 le
gisl
ativ
e el
ectio
ns fo
llow
ing
cam
paig
n to
pr
omot
e el
ecto
ral p
artic
ipat
ion
• G
uide
dra
fted
on
indi
geno
us w
omen
and
the
ir pa
rtic
ipat
ion
in p
ublic
life
Nep
al•
Incl
usio
n of
indi
geno
us w
omen
in p
oliti
cs a
nd C
onst
itutio
nal
Asse
mbl
y (n
atio
nwid
e po
licy
appl
ied
to e
nsur
e 33
% o
f re
pres
enta
tives
are
wom
en, h
owev
er, n
o sp
ecia
l pro
visi
on fo
r IP
wom
en)
• B
ased
on
rece
nt in
form
atio
n, n
o su
ch p
rovi
sion
s or
qu
otas
incl
uded
in F
irst
Past
The
Pos
t sy
stem
. Of 6
4 Co
nstit
uent
Ass
embl
y IP
mem
bers
, 5 a
re w
omen
.
UNIPP key indicators 45
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rtN
icar
agua
• N
atio
nal p
rogr
amm
es o
ften
incl
ude
actio
n pl
ans
to a
ddre
ss
indi
geno
us/e
thni
c co
mm
unity
nee
ds, b
ut in
form
atio
n la
ckin
g on
spe
cific
pro
gram
mes
for
indi
geno
us w
omen
, chi
ldre
n an
d yo
uth
• W
ithin
UN
sys
tem
, lac
k of
spe
cific
pro
gram
mes
for
indi
geno
us w
omen
, chi
ldre
n an
d yo
uth,
but
pro
gram
mes
for
indi
geno
us p
opul
atio
ns in
gen
eral
:
-Jo
int
Prog
ram
me
on C
hild
hood
, Nut
ritio
n an
d Fo
od
Secu
rity
(Atla
ntic
Coa
st o
f Nic
arag
ua 2
010-
2012
)
-Jo
int
prog
ram
me
on C
ultu
ral R
evita
lizat
ion,
wor
king
w
ith in
dige
nous
wom
en´s
org
aniz
atio
ns a
nd e
cono
mic
en
terp
rises
(201
0-20
12)
• S
uppo
rt p
rovi
ded
by c
erta
in o
rgan
izat
ions
to
Foru
m o
f in
dige
nous
wom
en in
the
Wan
gki (
sinc
e 20
08),
and
to
erad
icat
e vi
olen
ce a
gain
st in
dige
nous
wom
en, c
hild
ren
and
yout
h in
Wan
gki R
egio
n
• W
orld
Ban
k lo
ans
to s
uppo
rt e
duca
tion,
incl
udin
g in
dige
nous
co
mm
uniti
es, b
enefi
ting
indi
geno
us c
hild
ren
and
yout
h
• G
ende
r in
clud
ed in
regi
onal
soc
ial a
udit
alon
g Ca
ribbe
an C
oast
• M
icro
-ent
erpr
ise
proj
ects
for
indi
geno
us w
omen
in S
an
Luca
s
• S
uppo
rt t
o Af
ro-d
esce
ndan
t or
gani
zatio
ns w
orki
ng
with
wom
en/y
outh
mig
rant
s in
Man
agua
• S
uppo
rt to
indi
geno
us c
ounc
ils fr
om P
acifi
c, C
entr
e an
d N
orth
of N
icar
agua
to ,
e.g.
pro
duce
vid
eo o
n in
dige
nous
wom
en’s
acc
ess
to ju
stic
e; id
entif
y fo
rms
of v
iole
nce
affe
ctin
g in
dige
nous
wom
en; p
ublis
h th
e bo
ok W
e ex
ist:
the
stru
ggle
for s
elf-
dete
rmin
ation
of
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es fr
om th
e pa
cific
, cen
tre
and
nort
h of
N
icar
agua
• M
onito
ring
of A
ctio
n Pl
an fo
r W
omen
in A
lto W
angk
i st
reng
then
ed
• S
uppo
rt to
sev
eral
wor
ksho
ps/e
vent
s (in
clud
ing
Foru
m
of in
dige
nous
wom
en in
the
Wan
gki)
on e
.g. e
radi
catio
n of
vio
lenc
e ag
ains
t ind
igen
ous
wom
en a
nd th
eir f
amilie
s;
impr
ovin
g in
dige
nous
wom
en’s
acce
ss to
just
ice
• Y
outh
initi
ativ
es: e
nabl
ing
part
icip
atio
n of
you
th
lead
ers
in Ib
ero-
amer
ican
mee
ting
of in
dige
nous
and
Af
ro-d
esce
ndan
t yo
uths
in M
onte
vide
o, U
rugu
ay, t
o de
sign
pos
t-20
15 d
evel
opm
ent
and
soci
al in
vest
men
t ag
enda
sup
port
to
ICT
wor
ksho
p fo
r in
dige
nous
/Afr
o-de
scen
dant
you
th
• S
uppo
rt t
o pr
oduc
tion
of te
levi
sion
pro
gram
s on
in
dige
nous
rig
hts,
acc
ess
to ju
stic
e an
d ju
ridic
al
plur
alis
m, f
ocus
ing
on in
dige
nous
wom
en
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• R
IPP
Prog
ram
me
initi
ated
Reg
iona
l Lea
ders
hip
Cour
se fo
r Yo
ung
Lead
ers
in G
over
nanc
e, d
evel
oped
in re
cogn
ition
of
cruc
ial r
ole
of y
outh
in s
hapi
ng o
ur fu
ture
, and
the
nee
d to
pr
ovid
e yo
ung
lead
ers
with
the
tech
nica
l and
sub
stan
tive
know
-how
to
serv
e as
exc
elle
nt le
ader
s in
the
ir fie
ld
• R
IPP
Prog
ram
me
on In
dige
nous
Wom
en in
Dec
isio
n-M
akin
g ha
s be
en id
entifi
ed a
s ‘g
ood
prac
tice’
by
UN
Inte
r-Ag
ency
Ta
sk F
orce
on
Indi
geno
us W
omen
and
is in
clud
ed in
a
com
pila
tion
on “
Indi
geno
us W
omen
and
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Sy
stem
” la
unch
ed a
t 6t
h se
ssio
n of
UN
PFII
in M
ay 2
007
• U
NIP
P ha
s in
corp
orat
ed g
ende
r in
to a
ll ar
eas
of it
s w
ork
and
indi
geno
us w
omen
and
you
th a
re t
arge
ted
in a
ll U
NIP
P ac
tiviti
es a
nd in
itiat
ives
in t
he re
gion
UNIPP key indicators46In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
10. E
xist
ence
of
con
flic
t p
reve
nti
on
init
iati
ves
aro
un
d a
nce
stra
l lan
d
and
use
of
nat
ura
l re
sou
rces
an
d e
xtra
ctiv
e in
du
stri
es
Boliv
ia•
Rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n re
ferr
ed t
o in
Hyd
roca
rbon
s La
w N
o.
3058
(200
5)•
Dra
ftin
g la
w o
n rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n (a
ppro
val
expe
cted
Dec
201
3)
• F
acili
tatin
g Th
ird In
tern
atio
nal C
onfe
renc
e on
the
rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n in
coo
rdin
atio
n w
ith M
inis
try
of
the
Inte
rior,
with
the
par
ticip
atio
n of
offi
cial
s fr
om
vario
us m
inis
trie
s an
d re
pres
enta
tives
of t
he L
egis
lativ
e As
sem
bly,
Om
buds
man
, Con
stitu
tiona
l Cou
rt a
nd t
he
Elec
tora
l Trib
unal
, and
repr
esen
tativ
es o
f ind
igen
ous
orga
niza
tions
• O
rgan
izin
g 21
cou
ntry
wid
e co
nsul
tatio
n w
orks
hops
on
FPIC
• R
esea
rchi
ng t
radi
tiona
l for
ms
of d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
and
disp
ute
reso
lutio
n in
indi
geno
us c
omm
uniti
es
Cam
eroo
n•
Par
ticip
ator
y m
appi
ng p
roje
cts
deve
lope
d by
NG
O C
entr
e fo
r En
viro
nmen
t an
d D
evel
opm
ent
(CED
); m
ap o
f per
mits
pr
oduc
ed fo
r m
inin
g in
fore
st z
one
• C
ED, t
he F
ores
t Pe
ople
s Pr
ogra
mm
e an
d a
netw
ork
of N
GO
s ca
lled
on t
he C
amer
ooni
an g
over
nmen
t to
co
nsid
er t
he im
plic
atio
ns o
f a ra
cial
ly d
iscr
imin
ator
y ne
w F
ores
t La
w o
n Ca
mer
oon’
s Fo
rest
Peo
ples
(Jan
20
13).
CERD
has
sin
ce in
vite
d th
e go
vern
men
t to
tak
e be
tter
acc
ount
of I
Ps in
the
pro
cess
CAR
• In
form
al a
rran
gem
ents
led
by c
omm
unity
lead
ers,
oft
en
resu
lting
in p
aym
ent
of fi
nes
and
delin
eatio
n of
agr
o-pa
stor
al
area
s to
pre
vent
cla
shes
bet
wee
n M
boro
ro p
asto
ralis
ts a
nd
Bant
u fa
rmer
s. H
owev
er, t
his
initi
ativ
e is
stil
l ver
y lim
ited
and
info
rmal
at
com
mun
ity le
vel
• S
igna
tory
to
Extr
activ
e In
dust
ries
Tran
spar
ency
Initi
ativ
e (E
ITI),
whi
ch c
over
s cu
stom
ary
right
s an
d lo
cal a
nd
indi
geno
us c
omm
uniti
es
• D
evel
opm
ent
of c
omm
unity
mec
hani
sms
for
prev
entio
n an
d pe
acef
ul s
ettle
men
t of
agr
o-pa
stor
al
confl
icts
invo
lvin
g in
dige
nous
Mbo
roro
Nep
al•
Lac
k of
info
rmat
ion
on L
and
Refo
rm A
ct B
S 20
27 (N
epal
i ca
lend
ar);
man
y IP
s lo
st t
heir
land
and
terr
itorie
s•
IPs
enco
urag
ed t
o pa
rtic
ipat
e in
land
refo
rm p
olic
y dr
aftin
g
• M
inis
try
of L
and
Refo
rm a
nd M
anag
emen
t ha
s fo
rmed
co
mm
ittee
to
draf
t la
nd re
form
pol
icy
but
ther
e is
a
lack
of I
P re
pres
enta
tion
on t
he c
omm
ittee
UNIPP key indicators 47
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rtN
icar
agua
• N
orm
s fo
r pe
acef
ul c
ohab
itatio
n de
sign
ed b
y so
me
indi
geno
us a
nd A
fro-
desc
enda
nt te
rrito
ries
in A
tlant
ic C
oast
, bu
t no
nat
iona
l pro
posa
ls
• L
ack
of c
onfli
ct p
reve
ntio
n in
itiat
ives
rega
rdin
g ex
trac
tive
indu
strie
s
• E
xist
ence
of c
omm
unity
fore
stry
pla
ns in
som
e in
dige
nous
te
rrito
ries
to e
stab
lish
norm
s of
fore
st u
se a
nd p
reve
nt
confl
ict
• T
hrou
gh a
spe
cial
ized
cou
rse
on in
dige
nous
and
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
hum
an r
ight
s U
NIP
P ha
s st
reng
then
ed
the
know
ledg
e of
just
ice
oper
ator
s an
d in
dige
nous
an
d Af
ro-d
esce
ndan
t le
ader
s re
gard
ing
natio
nal a
nd
inte
rnat
iona
l fra
mew
orks
tha
t pr
otec
t in
dige
nous
and
Af
ro-d
esce
ndan
t te
rrito
rial r
ight
s
• W
ork
unde
r w
ay t
o su
ppor
t dr
aftin
g of
law
on
FPIC
(w
ith li
nks
to e
xtra
ctiv
e in
dust
ries)
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• In
200
7 RI
PP la
unch
ed in
ter-
linke
d m
ulti-
dim
ensi
onal
str
ateg
y to
pro
vide
spa
ce fo
r di
alog
ue b
etw
een
polic
y m
aker
s an
d IP
s’ o
n la
nd, n
atur
al re
sour
ce m
anag
emen
t an
d cu
ltura
l su
stai
nabi
lity
• R
esul
ts a
nd m
omen
tum
of C
omm
unity
Dia
logu
es a
nd
Regi
onal
Dia
logu
e sh
ared
, and
info
rmed
Glo
bal D
ialo
gue
at
7th
sess
ion
of U
NFP
II (2
2 Ap
ril 2
008)
. UN
DP
RIPP
org
aniz
ed
the
inte
ract
ive
Glo
bal D
ialo
gue:
Clim
ate
Chan
ge a
nd
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es’ B
io-C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
• S
outh
Asi
a Su
b-Re
gion
al M
eetin
g on
Ext
ract
ive
Indu
strie
s an
d In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
’ Rig
hts,
hos
ted
by
UN
IPP
(201
3)
• S
tren
gthe
ning
Asi
a In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
’ Net
wor
k on
Ex
trac
tive
Indu
strie
s an
d En
ergy
• S
uppo
rt t
o As
ia R
egio
nal P
repa
rato
ry M
eetin
g fo
r 20
14 W
orld
Con
fere
nce
(lead
ing
to a
dopt
ion
of A
sia
Dec
lara
tion
for
Wor
ld C
onfe
renc
e)
UNIPP key indicators48In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
11. E
xist
ence
of
and
ac
cess
to
cu
ltu
re-
sen
siti
ve h
ealt
h a
nd
ed
uca
tio
n s
ervi
ces
for
IPs,
incl
ud
ing
on
re
pro
du
ctiv
e h
ealt
h
Boliv
ia•
8 E
duca
tion
Coun
cils
pro
mot
e pr
ogra
mm
es s
peci
fical
ly
adap
ted
to IP
s
• H
ealth
Min
istr
y pr
omot
es “
Fam
ily a
nd C
omm
unity
In
terc
ultu
ral H
ealth
” se
rvic
es
• C
ondu
cted
a p
artic
ipat
ory
stud
y on
the
situ
atio
n of
H
ighl
y Vu
lner
able
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es in
the
Am
azon
, re
sulti
ng in
the
dev
elop
men
t of
a C
ompr
ehen
sive
D
evel
opm
ent
Plan
on
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es in
the
regi
on
Cam
eroo
n•
Gov
ernm
ent
‘Nig
ht W
atch
’ pro
gram
me
(impr
egna
ted
mos
quito
net
s)•
Dra
ftin
g po
licie
s on
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es in
7
mun
icip
aliti
es; o
ne o
f the
key
pro
visi
ons
of t
hese
po
licie
s is
acc
ess
to c
ultu
rally
sen
sitiv
e/ed
ucat
ion
serv
ices
CAR
• H
igh
rate
of m
ater
nal a
nd c
hild
mor
talit
y an
d H
IV/A
IDS;
w
omen
oft
en v
ictim
s of
sex
ual v
iole
nce;
pro
blem
s w
ith b
irth
regi
stra
tion
• U
NIP
P ba
selin
e st
udy
cond
ucte
d on
IP s
exua
l hea
lth
and
repr
oduc
tive
right
s, c
over
ing
prev
entio
n of
HIV
/AI
DS
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• L
aw N
o. 5
-201
1 gu
aran
tees
acc
ess
to h
ealth
ser
vice
s w
ithou
t di
scrim
inat
ion,
but
impl
emen
tatio
n is
wea
k: IP
s ha
ve v
ery
poor
acc
ess
to h
ealth
ser
vice
s an
d ed
ucat
ion
• O
RA s
choo
ls/s
ome
chur
ch s
choo
ls o
ffer
edu
catio
n ad
apte
d to
IP n
eeds
, but
thi
s is
rare
• Im
prov
ed a
cces
s to
soc
ial s
ervi
ces
for
IPs
in t
arge
t di
stric
ts
• C
ondu
cted
list
ing
oper
atio
n of
tar
get
popu
latio
ns (O
ct
2013
) in
Léko
umou
are
a
Nic
arag
ua•
Gen
eral
edu
catio
n la
w (2
006)
reco
gniz
es R
egio
nal
Auto
nom
ous
Educ
atio
nal S
yste
m (S
EAR)
, a p
artic
ipat
ory,
de
cent
raliz
ed a
nd a
uton
omou
s ed
ucat
iona
l mod
el
resp
ondi
ng t
o ne
eds/
prio
ritie
s of
peo
ple
in A
tlant
ic C
oast
re
gion
• G
ener
al h
ealth
law
(Law
423
, 200
2) e
stab
lishe
d th
at
auto
nom
ous
regi
ons
can
defin
e a
heal
th m
odel
bas
ed o
n th
eir
trad
ition
s, c
ultu
re a
nd c
usto
ms,
with
in t
he fr
amew
ork
of
natio
nal p
olic
ies,
pla
ns a
nd p
rogr
amm
es
• In
Pac
ific,
Cen
tre
and
Nor
th o
f Nic
arag
ua: i
n lin
e w
ith la
w o
n an
cest
ral t
radi
tiona
l med
icin
e, e
ffor
ts o
ngoi
ng t
o st
reng
then
lin
ks b
etw
een
mid
wiv
es, t
radi
tiona
l hea
lers
and
loca
l med
ical
sy
stem
• R
epro
duct
ive
heal
th o
f ind
igen
ous
yout
h (p
artic
ular
ly
wom
en) i
n th
e Pa
cific
Coa
st, C
entr
e an
d N
orth
of t
he
coun
try
now
incl
uded
as
disc
ussi
on t
opic
in w
orks
hops
ru
n by
one
of t
he o
rgan
izat
ions
sup
port
ed b
y U
NIP
P
UNIPP key indicators 49
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rt12
. Bu
dg
et a
llo
cati
on
to
IP
-fo
cuse
d p
rog
ram
mes
Bo
livia
• In
dige
nous
Dev
elop
men
t Fu
nd fi
nanc
es s
ocia
l/eco
nom
ic
proj
ects
in in
dige
nous
com
mun
ities
• P
RO 1
69 (R
egio
nal P
rogr
amm
e in
Lat
in A
mer
ica)
• U
NIP
P pl
ayed
inst
rum
enta
l rol
e in
mob
ilizi
ng a
dditi
onal
re
sour
ces
in t
he fo
rm o
f a fi
nanc
ial c
ontr
ibut
ion
of U
S$
1.5
mill
ion
(est
.) fr
om t
he E
urop
ean
Uni
on a
nd t
he
Dan
ish
Emba
ssy
in L
a Pa
z; t
his
allo
wed
UN
age
ncie
s su
ch a
s U
N W
omen
, the
Wor
ld H
ealth
Org
aniz
atio
n an
d th
e W
orld
Foo
d Pr
ogra
mm
e to
par
ticip
ate
mor
e ac
tivel
y in
the
par
tner
ship
Cam
eroo
n•
Wor
ld B
ank
fund
s N
atio
nal P
artic
ipat
ory
Dev
elop
men
t Pr
ogra
mm
e (N
PDP)
, whi
ch t
akes
IP r
ight
s in
to a
ccou
nt
• P
RO 1
69 p
roje
ct u
nder
way
sin
ce 2
001
• U
NIP
P pa
rtic
ipat
ed in
wor
ksho
p la
unch
of s
econ
d ph
ase
of d
evel
opm
ent
plan
for
Pygm
ies
and
prov
ided
gu
idan
ce fo
r th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
bus
ines
s pl
an t
o be
impl
emen
ted
durin
g th
is p
hase
Nep
al•
15%
of d
ecen
tral
ized
dev
elop
men
t fu
nd re
ceiv
ed b
y lo
cal
auth
oriti
es in
tend
ed fo
r so
cial
ly e
xclu
ded
grou
ps (n
ot
prop
erly
impl
emen
ted)
• B
udge
t al
loca
ted
for
IPs
in 2
012
(114
mill
ion
Nep
ali
Rupe
es t
o N
FDIN
)
• O
f Dis
tric
t D
evel
opm
ent
Com
mitt
ees’
tot
al b
udge
t, 15
% is
allo
cate
d to
issu
es re
latin
g to
mar
gina
lized
pe
ople
, wom
en, I
Ps a
nd c
hild
ren
• In
trod
uctio
n of
new
loca
l pol
icy
(Aug
201
3) p
rovi
ding
fo
r 4
mem
bers
from
IP o
rgan
izat
ions
and
one
vic
e-ch
airp
erso
n fr
om a
n in
dige
nous
com
mun
ity
Nic
arag
ua•
Bud
get
allo
cate
d to
regi
onal
aut
horit
ies
in t
he A
tlant
ic
Coas
t an
d, s
ince
201
0, t
o in
dige
nous
and
Afr
o-de
scen
dant
te
rrito
ries
(mos
tly t
ax re
turn
s fo
r ex
ploi
tatio
n of
nat
ural
re
sour
ces:
tim
ber,
fishi
ng, e
tc)
• L
ack
of in
form
atio
n re
gard
ing
budg
et fo
r IP
-foc
used
pr
ogra
mm
es
• N
o ac
tion
on t
his
issu
e
UNIPP key indicators50In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
13. N
atio
nal
mec
han
ism
fo
r co
nsu
ltat
ion
, p
arti
cip
atio
n a
nd
o
per
atio
nal
izat
ion
of
FPIC
Boliv
ia•
A n
atio
nal c
onfe
dera
tion
of in
dige
nous
org
aniz
atio
ns
and
trad
ition
al a
utho
ritie
s se
rves
as
mai
n co
ndui
t fo
r na
tiona
l con
sulta
tion
proc
esse
s in
rela
tion
to is
sues
aro
und
part
icip
atio
n an
d op
erat
iona
lizat
ion
of F
PIC
(Con
fede
ratio
n of
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es o
f Bol
ivia
, Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
of R
ural
W
omen
of B
oliv
ia, N
atio
nal C
ounc
il Af
robo
lvia
no a
nd N
atio
nal
Coun
cil o
f Ayl
lus
and
Mar
kas
of Q
ulla
suyu
)
• N
atio
nal T
echn
ical
Com
mis
sion
est
ablis
hed
and
man
date
d to
dev
elop
lega
l fra
mew
ork
gove
rnin
g rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n; t
he la
w p
ropo
sal i
nclu
des
the
inst
alla
tion
of a
Con
sulta
tive
Plur
inat
iona
l Cou
ncil
to
mon
itor
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
law
, and
the
cre
atio
n of
a C
onsu
ltatio
n G
ener
al D
irect
ion
in t
he E
xecu
tive
Body
• F
acili
tate
d cr
eatio
n of
Com
preh
ensi
ve D
evel
opm
ent
Plan
for
five
indi
geno
us c
omm
uniti
es (i
nclu
ding
thr
ee
defin
ed a
s hi
ghly
vul
nera
ble)
thr
ough
an
agre
emen
t w
ith t
he t
wo
orga
niza
tions
repr
esen
ting
them
: CIP
OAP
an
d CI
MAP
• D
evel
oped
a P
artic
ipat
ory
Dia
gnos
tic P
lan,
tog
ethe
r w
ith G
uide
lines
on
a Pa
rtic
ipat
ory
Met
hodo
logy
fo
r Co
nsul
tatio
n ba
sed
on M
inut
es o
f Con
sent
for
Cons
ulta
tion
agre
ed b
y th
e M
achi
neri
and
Yam
inah
ua
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es
Cam
eroo
n•
REP
AR•
Dev
elop
men
t by
Min
istr
y of
Soc
ial A
ffai
rs o
f:
-St
rate
gy p
aper
on
Incl
usio
n of
Vul
nera
ble
Soci
al
Gro
ups
in M
ajor
Dev
elop
men
t Pr
ojec
ts (f
ocus
on
FPIC
)
-D
raft
dec
rees
on
reco
gniti
on o
f rig
hts
of v
ulne
rabl
e in
dige
nous
pop
ulat
ions
in s
truc
tura
l pro
ject
s (y
et t
o be
ena
cted
)
CAR
• N
o in
form
atio
n•
Dev
elop
men
t of
nat
iona
l gui
de o
n co
nsul
tatio
n w
ith/
part
icip
atio
n of
IPs
post
pone
d ow
ing
to c
urre
nt
polit
ical
situ
atio
n
• In
con
text
of c
urre
nt le
gal a
nd in
stitu
tiona
l ref
orm
s,
UN
IPP
wor
king
with
gov
ernm
ent
on c
onsu
ltatio
n w
ith
IPs
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith IL
O C
169
UNIPP key indicators 51
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rt14
. Lev
el o
f u
nd
erst
and
ing
of
IPs
amo
ng
rel
evan
t n
atio
nal
st
akeh
old
ers
Cam
eroo
n•
PRO
169
act
ive
sinc
e 20
01, p
rovi
ding
tra
inin
g an
d ca
paci
ty
build
ing
and
carr
ying
out
rese
arch
into
lega
l fra
mew
ork
for
prot
ectio
n of
rig
hts
of IP
s in
Cam
eroo
n, a
nd o
n th
e in
tegr
atio
n of
IPs’
nee
ds a
nd p
riorit
ies
into
the
PRS
P pr
oces
s.
On
the
basi
s of
the
find
ings
aris
ing
from
thi
s re
sear
ch, a
N
atio
nal S
emin
ar w
as h
eld
in 2
005,
who
se re
com
men
datio
ns
prov
ided
the
bas
is fo
r th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a n
atio
nal p
roje
ct
for
capa
city
bui
ldin
g on
indi
geno
us is
sues
, and
for
the
inte
grat
ion
of in
dige
nous
issu
es in
to t
he P
RSP
proc
ess
• In
Oct
ober
200
6, P
RO 1
69 o
ffici
ally
sta
rted
wor
k,
colla
bora
ting
with
the
Min
istr
y of
Soc
ial A
ffai
rs, M
inis
try
of
Plan
ning
, UN
age
ncie
s, a
nd N
GO
s w
orki
ng o
n in
dige
nous
is
sues
• O
ther
act
iviti
es in
Cam
eroo
n ha
ve in
clud
ed re
sear
ch o
n be
st
prac
tices
for
impl
emen
tatio
n of
ILO
C16
9 in
the
fiel
d of
IPs’
bi
lingu
al a
nd in
terc
ultu
ral e
duca
tion,
and
var
ious
tra
inin
g ac
tiviti
es
• S
uppo
rtin
g 7
mun
icip
aliti
es in
the
cou
ntry
’s E
aste
rn
Regi
on in
dev
elop
ing
draf
t lo
cal p
olic
ies
on IP
s
• T
rain
ing
of m
edia
and
civ
il so
ciet
y on
IP r
ight
s
• O
rgan
izin
g ca
ucus
es o
n IP
and
land
rig
hts
with
a
view
to
inco
rpor
atin
g IP
s’ in
puts
into
the
land
refo
rm
proc
ess
CAR
• IL
O s
emin
ars
on R
ight
s of
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es (2
010)
, ta
rget
ing
repr
esen
tativ
es o
f gov
ernm
ents
, IP
orga
niza
tions
an
d ot
her
stak
ehol
ders
• O
ngoi
ng t
rain
ing
of g
over
nmen
t of
ficia
ls, I
Ps, t
rade
un
ions
and
em
ploy
ers’
org
aniz
atio
ns
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• IL
O, i
n co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith O
HCH
R, p
rovi
ded
tech
nica
l as
sist
ance
to
the
Min
istr
y of
Just
ice
in d
raft
ing
Law
No.
5-20
11.
• A
ssis
tanc
e pr
ovid
ed in
the
form
of t
rain
ing
on IP
rig
hts
for
gove
rnm
ent
offic
ials
, NG
Os
and
indi
geno
us re
pres
enta
tives
, su
ppor
t to
wor
ksho
ps o
rgan
ized
for
the
purp
oses
of
cons
ulta
tions
on
the
draf
t la
w, a
nd te
chni
cal c
omm
ents
on
the
draf
t la
w
• R
esea
rch
unde
rtak
en b
y PR
O 1
69 o
n be
st p
ract
ices
for
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
prin
cipl
es o
f ILO
C16
9
• T
echn
ical
sup
port
in s
tren
gthe
ning
the
cap
aciti
es o
f so
me
200
indi
geno
us c
omm
unity
radi
o st
atio
ns, i
n or
der
to ra
ise
awar
enes
s of
Law
No.
5- 2
011
and
the
2012
and
201
3 el
ecto
ral p
roce
sses
UNIPP key indicators52In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
Nep
al•
Som
e ca
paci
ty b
uild
ing
thro
ugh
PRO
169
: “In
clus
ion
of IP
rig
hts
in t
he C
onst
itutio
nal a
nd S
tate
Ref
orm
Pro
cess
es in
N
epal
” (2
008–
2010
)
• N
atio
nal a
nd re
gion
al le
vel c
onsu
ltativ
e m
eetin
g co
nduc
ted
with
IP o
rgan
izat
ions
, IP
lead
ers,
UN
Co
untr
y Te
ams
and
Gov
ernm
ent
offic
ials
dur
ing
deve
lopm
ent
of F
AQ
• T
rain
ing
cond
ucte
d on
Inte
rnat
iona
l Lab
our
Stan
dard
s re
port
ing
on P
RO 1
69 a
mon
g IP
org
aniz
atio
ns, I
P le
ader
s an
d go
vern
men
t of
ficia
ls
• O
ne-d
ay c
entr
al a
nd re
gion
al le
vel a
war
enes
s tr
aini
ng
on P
RO 1
69 a
nd U
NIP
P W
ork
Plan
for
All N
epal
Fe
dera
tion
of T
rade
Uni
on (A
NTU
F)
Nic
arag
ua•
Cre
atio
n of
aut
onom
ous
Atla
ntic
Coa
st re
gion
(lat
e 19
80s)
ha
s le
d to
gre
ater
reco
gniti
on o
f ind
igen
ous
com
mun
ities
•
Spe
cial
ized
cou
rse
offe
red
by In
stitu
te o
f Hig
her
Judi
cial
Edu
catio
n w
ith U
NIP
P su
ppor
t ai
ms
to in
crea
se
know
ledg
e an
d re
spec
t of
indi
geno
us c
omm
uniti
es
amon
g na
tiona
l jus
tice
oper
ator
s
• S
uppo
rt t
o th
e Co
unci
l of I
Ps o
f the
Pac
ific,
Nor
th,
and
Cent
re o
f Nic
arag
ua w
ith t
he p
ublic
atio
n of
the
bo
ok W
e ex
ist:
the
stru
ggle
for s
elf-
dete
rmin
ation
of
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es fr
om th
e pa
cific
, cen
tre
and
nort
h of
Nic
arag
ua
UNIPP key indicators 53
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rt15
. Exi
sten
ce o
f re
sou
rce
pla
tfo
rm m
ech
anis
ms
for
know
led
ge-
shar
ing
on
IPs
Boliv
ia•
5 in
stitu
tes
of In
dige
nous
Lan
guag
e an
d Cu
lture
• T
ECA
INIA
F (in
dige
nous
kno
wle
dge
in a
gric
ultu
re)
• U
NIP
P/ S
choo
l of P
ublic
Man
agem
ent
agre
emen
t to
in
corp
orat
e IP
issu
es in
to s
choo
l cur
ricul
um
Cam
eroo
n•
Par
liam
ent/
Gov
ernm
ent
Dia
logu
e Fo
rum
org
aniz
ed b
y RE
PAR
(201
1)
• D
evel
opm
ent
of t
he P
asto
ral C
ode
by M
inis
try
of L
ives
tock
, Fi
sher
ies
and
Anim
al In
dust
ries
(201
0)
• L
aunc
h (A
ug 2
013)
of i
nter
-sec
tora
l com
mitt
ee b
y M
inis
try
of S
ocia
l Aff
airs
to:
mon
itor
initi
ativ
es in
volv
ing
vuln
erab
le IP
s to
incr
ease
the
ir ef
fect
iven
ess;
pro
mot
e in
dige
nous
rig
hts
natio
nally
; hel
p sh
are
info
rmat
ion/
best
pra
ctic
e; m
aint
ain
com
preh
ensi
ve o
verv
iew
of
activ
ities
CAR
• N
one
• C
reat
ion
of A
PPAC
A C
AR (c
ompo
sed
of 4
NG
Os
wor
king
on
IP r
ight
s an
d H
igh
Com
mis
sion
er fo
r H
uman
Rig
hts
and
Gov
erna
nce)
to
shar
e in
form
atio
n an
d ex
perie
nces
and
coo
rdin
ate
activ
ities
Nep
al•
Cen
tre
for
Ethn
ic a
nd A
ltern
ativ
e D
evel
opm
ent
Stud
ies
(CEA
DS)
. CEA
DS’
s Ac
adem
ic C
ounc
il ha
s re
gula
rly o
rgan
ized
di
scus
sion
s an
d le
ctur
e se
ries
on c
onte
mpo
rary
issu
es
• N
etw
ork
esta
blis
hed
incl
udin
g N
EFIN
, NFD
IN, N
HRC
, La
wye
rs A
ssoc
iatio
n fo
r H
uman
Rig
hts
of N
epal
ese
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es (L
AHU
RNIP
) and
ILO
(201
2);
the
grou
p ha
s fo
cuse
d on
tra
inin
g st
akeh
olde
rs in
In
tern
atio
nal L
abou
r St
anda
rds
repo
rtin
g
Nic
arag
ua•
198
0s: C
IDC
A (C
entr
o de
inve
stig
ació
n y
docu
men
taci
ón d
e la
cos
ta a
tlánt
ica)
• 1
990:
Fou
ndin
g of
2 u
nive
rsiti
es fr
om A
uton
omou
s Re
gion
s (C
arib
bean
Coa
st):
URA
CCAN
and
BIC
U
• U
nive
rsity
Net
wor
k on
the
Rig
hts
of In
dige
nous
an
d Af
ro-d
esce
ndan
t pe
ople
s es
tabl
ishe
d (2
012)
, co
mpr
isin
g 6
inst
itutio
ns
• S
tren
gthe
ning
of C
CPIA
N-U
NS
and
the
Coun
cil o
f In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
of t
he P
acifi
c, N
orth
, and
Cen
tre
of
Nic
arag
ua
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• U
ND
P RI
PP’s
Indi
geno
us Y
oung
Lea
ders
Net
wor
k &
join
t co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith A
sia
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es P
act
(AIP
P)
Foun
datio
n, t
he la
rges
t ne
twor
k of
indi
geno
us o
rgan
izat
ions
in
Asi
a
• K
now
ledg
e sh
arin
g w
ith IP
s, c
ivil
soci
ety
orga
niza
tions
an
d U
N a
genc
ies
on k
ey s
trat
egic
are
as fo
r U
N s
uppo
rt
in 2
013
UNIPP key indicators54In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
16. M
ob
iliz
atio
n o
f fi
nan
cial
res
ou
rces
on
in
dig
eno
us
issu
es a
mo
ng
U
N C
ou
ntr
y Te
ams
at
cou
ntr
y le
vel
Boliv
ia•
PRO
169
has
bee
n w
orki
ng in
Bol
ivia
for
over
a d
ecad
e an
d ha
s ca
rrie
d ou
t tr
aini
ng o
n th
e rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n
• B
oliv
ia in
clud
ed in
ILO
forc
ed la
bour
and
chi
ld la
bour
er
adic
atio
n pr
ogra
mm
es
• U
S$ 1
.5 m
illio
n m
obili
zed
from
key
don
ors
- ena
blin
g U
N W
omen
, WH
O a
nd W
FP t
o pa
rtic
ipat
e in
UN
IPP
CAR
• N
o in
form
atio
n•
US$
300
,000
(est
.) m
obili
zed
for
UN
-run
indi
geno
us
peop
les’
pro
gram
mes
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• P
RO 1
69 &
OH
CHR
join
t in
itiat
ives
in C
ongo
sin
ce 2
001
• U
S$ 5
00,0
00 m
obili
zed
for
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es’
prog
ram
mes
Nep
al•
PRO
169
act
ive
sinc
e 20
07•
Indi
geno
us p
eopl
es/IL
O C
169
men
tione
d in
Bas
ic
Ope
ratin
g G
uide
lines
(BO
G);
BOG
gro
up m
embe
rs
(incl
udin
g in
tern
atio
nal d
onor
s) h
ave
stre
ngth
ened
th
eir
know
ledg
e on
IPs’
issu
es
Nic
arag
ua•
Sup
port
to
land
man
agem
ent,
titlin
g, c
ultu
ral r
evita
lizat
ion,
ris
k m
anag
emen
t, ge
nder
equ
ity a
nd d
isse
min
atio
n of
in
tern
atio
nal i
nstr
umen
ts o
n in
dige
nous
rig
hts
(focu
sing
on
Carib
bean
Coa
st p
eopl
es)
• In
trod
uctio
n of
CCP
IAN
-UN
S
• E
thni
c pe
rspe
ctiv
e in
corp
orat
ed in
to U
ND
AF M
id-T
erm
revi
ew
(201
0) a
nd C
CA/
UN
DAF
pro
cess
(201
3–20
17)
• S
tren
gthe
ning
of C
CPIA
N-U
NS
• U
S$ 3
00,0
00 (e
st.)
mob
ilize
d fr
om U
N a
genc
ies
for
prog
ram
mes
on
indi
geno
us a
nd A
fro-
desc
enda
nt
peop
les
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• U
ND
P RI
PP e
stab
lishe
d (2
004)
• P
RO16
9 ac
tive
in C
ambo
dia
and
Phili
ppin
es
• U
S$ 1
10,0
00 m
obili
zed
for
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es
prog
ram
mes
thr
ough
UN
DP
Asia
-Pac
ific
Regi
onal
Ce
ntre
UNIPP key indicators 55
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rt17
. Su
pp
ort
ed/f
oll
owed
u
p im
ple
men
tati
on
of
reco
mm
end
atio
ns
of
the
UN
tre
aty
bo
die
s, U
N
spec
ial m
ech
anis
ms
on
IP
s an
d IL
O s
up
ervi
sory
b
od
ies
Boliv
ia•
Vis
it fr
om U
N S
peci
al R
appo
rteu
r on
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es
(200
7)•
UN
rul
es a
nd re
com
men
datio
ns p
rom
oted
by
ILO
/O
CHCR
exp
erts
at
num
erou
s fo
rum
s
Cam
eroo
n•
Rep
orts
sub
mitt
ed b
y Ca
mer
oon
to s
ever
al t
reat
y bo
dies
and
U
nive
rsal
Per
iodi
c Re
view
(UPR
)
• C
ERD
reco
mm
ende
d ad
optio
n of
dra
ft la
w o
n IP
s
• W
orks
hops
with
gov
ernm
ent
and
civi
l soc
iety
on
: im
plem
enta
tion
of t
reat
y m
onito
ring
bodi
es’
obse
rvat
ions
; ow
ners
hip/
impl
emen
tatio
n of
in
tern
atio
nal s
tand
ards
• A
ctio
n pl
an fo
r im
plem
enta
tion
of t
reat
y bo
dy
reco
mm
enda
tions
in p
repa
ratio
n fo
r su
bmis
sion
to
acto
rs in
volv
ed in
impl
emen
tatio
n
• U
NIP
P te
chni
cal s
uppo
rt p
rovi
ded
to N
GO
gro
up t
hat
subm
itted
an
alte
rnat
ive
repo
rt t
o AC
HPR
and
Peo
ples
’ (O
ct 2
013)
in re
latio
n to
the
Gov
ernm
ent’s
sub
mis
sion
• C
amer
oon
wel
com
ed v
isits
from
the
Spe
cial
Ra
ppor
teur
on
the
right
to
food
in 2
012
and
the
inde
pend
ent
expe
rt o
n m
inor
ity is
sues
in 2
013
CAR
• N
atio
nal w
orks
hop
on in
tern
atio
nal i
nstr
umen
ts o
n IP
rig
hts
orga
nize
d by
BO
NU
CA
(UN
Cen
tre
for
Hum
an R
ight
s in
CAR
) w
ith IL
O a
nd g
over
nmen
t (2
010)
• W
orks
hop
in d
evel
opm
ent
for
prep
arat
ion
of fi
rst
repo
rt o
n IL
O C
169
impl
emen
tatio
n in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith M
inis
try
of L
abou
r an
d H
igh
Com
mis
sion
for
Hum
an R
ight
s an
d G
ood
Gov
erna
nce
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• V
isit
from
UN
Spe
cial
Rap
port
eur
(201
0)•
Pro
vide
d te
chni
cal s
uppo
rt t
o th
e co
untr
y’s
host
ing
of t
he P
re-m
eetin
g se
ssio
n of
UN
PFII
(Mar
ch 2
013)
re
sulti
ng in
the
dra
ftin
g of
the
Nat
iona
l Act
ion
Plan
to
impr
ove
the
qual
ity o
f life
of I
Ps
• U
NIP
P ac
tiviti
es b
ased
on
reco
mm
enda
tions
from
Sp
ecia
l Rap
port
eur
• N
atio
nal A
ctio
n Pl
an 2
014–
2017
upd
ated
thr
ough
na
tiona
l con
sulta
tion,
incl
udin
g w
ith IP
cau
cus
(Aug
20
13)
Nep
al•
Vis
it fr
om U
N S
peci
al R
appo
rteu
r (2
008)
• N
atio
nal-l
evel
sem
inar
on
reco
mm
enda
tions
from
UN
Sp
ecia
l Rap
port
eur
and
UPR
pro
cess
• IP
s w
orki
ng w
ith M
OFA
LD a
nd N
HRI
to
prep
are
gove
rnm
ent
repo
rt o
n im
plem
enta
tion
of IL
O C
169
Nic
arag
uaM
ultip
le o
bser
vatio
n m
issi
ons
by t
reat
y bo
dies
and
UPR
Supp
ort
of C
CPIA
N-S
NU
, a s
pace
for
cons
ulta
tion
reco
mm
ende
d b
y U
NPF
II an
d ot
her
bodi
es
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
Regi
onal
vis
it fr
om U
N S
peci
al R
appo
rteu
r (2
007)
Supp
ort
to A
sia
cons
ulta
tion
with
UN
Spe
cial
Rap
port
eur
(Mal
aysi
a, 2
013)
UNIPP key indicators56In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
18. U
N+
nat
ion
al w
ork
ing
g
rou
p o
n IP
sBo
livia
• N
atio
nal C
ounc
il fo
r D
ialo
gue
amon
g In
dige
nous
, Nat
ive,
Pe
asan
t Pe
ople
s an
d U
N S
yste
m m
anda
ted
to c
onsu
lt/m
aint
ain
dial
ogue
with
key
IP o
rgan
izat
ions
• U
N In
terc
ultu
ral T
echn
ical
Gro
up c
oord
inat
ing
impl
emen
tatio
n of
UN
IPP
activ
ities
with
gov
ernm
ent,
IP
orga
niza
tions
and
oth
er p
ublic
inst
itutio
ns
Cam
eroo
n•
Non
e•
UN
IPP
and
REPA
R de
velo
ping
adv
ocac
y pa
per
on IP
s
CAR
• N
one
• D
iscu
ssio
ns t
o cr
eate
UN
Cou
ntry
Tea
m w
orki
ng g
roup
on
IP r
ight
s (in
201
4)
Nic
arag
ua•
Cre
atio
n of
CCP
IAN
-UN
S (2
008)
• S
tren
gthe
ning
of a
nd s
uppo
rt t
o CC
PIAN
-UN
S an
d th
e N
atio
nal C
ounc
il of
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es o
f the
Pac
ific,
N
orth
, and
Cen
tre
of N
icar
agua
Sout
h Ea
st A
sia
• P
hilip
pine
s: U
N In
tera
genc
y Te
chni
cal W
orki
ng G
roup
on
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es•
UN
IPP
activ
ities
in t
he P
hilip
pine
s ar
e be
ing
impl
emen
ted
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
UN
Inte
rage
ncy
Tech
nica
l Wor
king
Gro
up o
n In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
19. P
arti
cip
atio
n/
rep
rese
nta
tio
n o
f IP
s in
p
oli
tica
l in
stit
uti
on
s
Boliv
ia•
Pop
ular
Par
ticip
atio
n Ac
t (1
994)
ena
bled
indi
geno
us
part
icip
atio
n in
loca
l-lev
el p
oliti
cs
• In
dige
nous
pre
side
nt (E
vo M
oral
es, e
lect
ed in
200
5 w
ith
supp
ort
from
the
cou
ntry
’s m
ain
indi
geno
us o
rgan
izat
ions
)
• In
Bol
ivia
, whe
re in
dige
nous
peo
ples
are
the
maj
ority
of t
he
popu
latio
n, o
f the
130
MPs
41
are
indi
geno
us, b
ut o
nly
nine
of
the
m a
re w
omen
• F
acili
tatin
g th
e Th
ird In
tern
atio
nal C
onfe
renc
e on
the
rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n in
coo
rdin
atio
n w
ith M
inis
try
of
the
Inte
rior,
with
the
par
ticip
atio
n of
offi
cial
s fr
om
vario
us m
inis
trie
s an
d re
pres
enta
tives
of t
he L
egis
lativ
e As
sem
bly,
Om
buds
man
, Con
stitu
tiona
l Cou
rt a
nd t
he
Elec
tora
l Trib
unal
, and
repr
esen
tativ
es o
f ind
igen
ous
orga
niza
tions
Cam
eroo
n•
Low
leve
l of i
ndig
enou
s pa
rtic
ipat
ion
• In
dige
nous
Mbo
roro
dep
uty
Sena
tor
elec
ted
in re
cent
se
nato
rial e
lect
ions
• D
urin
g re
cent
legi
slat
ive/
mun
icip
al e
lect
ions
, and
th
roug
h ed
ucat
ion
cond
ucte
d by
NG
O p
artn
ers
in U
NIP
P pr
ojec
t (C
EFAI
D),
15 in
dige
nous
‘pyg
my’
re
pres
enta
tives
(inc
ludi
ng 3
wom
en) e
lect
ed a
s co
unci
llors
in m
unic
ipal
ities
in S
outh
and
Eas
t Ca
mer
oon
CAR
• L
ow le
vel o
f ind
igen
ous
repr
esen
tatio
n•
1 in
dige
nous
repr
esen
tativ
e of
Mbo
roro
s co
mm
unity
se
rvin
g G
ener
al R
appo
rteu
r on
Nat
iona
l Tra
nsiti
onal
Co
unci
l; di
scus
sion
s un
der
way
rega
rdin
g re
pres
enta
tion
in o
ther
loca
l adm
inis
trat
ion
role
s
UNIPP key indicators 57
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rtRe
publ
ic o
f Con
go•
No
indi
geno
us m
embe
rs w
ithin
Nat
iona
l Ass
embl
y or
de
part
men
tal/d
istr
ict-
leve
l adm
inis
trat
ive
bodi
es
• S
teep
ris
e in
num
ber
of in
dige
nous
wom
en v
otin
g in
201
2 le
gisl
ativ
e el
ectio
ns fo
llow
ing
cam
paig
n to
pr
omot
e el
ecto
ral p
artic
ipat
ion
Nep
al•
Of 6
01 C
onst
itutio
nal A
ssem
bly
mem
bers
ele
cted
in 2
008,
21
8 ar
e in
dige
nous
• F
or t
he 2
013
Cons
titut
iona
l Ass
embl
y el
ectio
n, o
ut
of 2
40 C
onst
itutio
nal A
ssem
bly
mem
bers
(firs
t-pa
st-
the-
post
sys
tem
), 64
are
IPs.
Of t
hose
64,
onl
y 5
are
wom
en. T
he fi
nal r
esul
ts a
re y
et t
o co
me.
Nic
arag
ua•
Low
indi
geno
us re
pres
enta
tion
in h
ighe
r de
cisi
on-m
akin
g po
sitio
ns, b
ut:
-2
vice
min
iste
rs (w
ithin
sec
reta
ry o
f ind
igen
ous
and
Afro
-de
scen
dant
aff
airs
and
min
istr
y of
agr
icul
ture
)
-Af
ro-d
esce
ndan
t/in
dige
nous
pro
fess
iona
ls fr
om
the
Carib
bean
coa
st w
orki
ng in
the
Sec
reta
riat
for
deve
lopm
ent
of N
icar
agua
’s a
uton
omou
s re
gion
s
-A
few
judg
es a
nd m
agis
trat
es o
f the
sup
rem
e co
urt
• B
etw
een
2006
and
200
9, o
f the
tot
al 9
2 m
embe
rs o
f the
N
atio
nal A
ssem
bly,
3 w
ere
indi
geno
us a
nd 2
of t
hese
wer
e w
omen
• S
tren
gthe
ning
indi
geno
us t
radi
tiona
l gov
erna
nce,
cu
stom
ary
law
and
the
judi
cial
sys
tem
thr
ough
tra
inin
g of
320
indi
geno
us le
ader
s, t
radi
tiona
l lea
ders
and
co
unci
ls o
f eld
ers
in e
lect
oral
pro
cess
es
• In
201
3, o
f 92
mem
bers
of t
he N
atio
nal A
ssem
bly,
2
wer
e in
dige
nous
and
1 A
fro-
desc
enda
nt (i
nclu
ding
2
wom
en)
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• S
tron
g re
gion
al in
dige
nous
um
brel
la o
rgan
izat
ions
and
NG
Os,
in
clud
ing
AIPP
• L
ow c
apac
ity a
mon
g in
dige
nous
wom
en’s
gro
ups
• P
hilip
pine
s: In
dige
nous
peo
ples
, thr
ough
the
Rep
ublic
Act
No.
79
41 o
r th
e Pa
rty-
List
Sys
tem
Act
hav
e ac
cess
to
prop
ortio
nal
repr
esen
tatio
n in
the
ele
ctio
n of
repr
esen
tativ
es t
o th
e H
ouse
of
Rep
rese
ntat
ives
thr
ough
a p
arty
-list
sys
tem
• P
hilip
pine
s: U
NIP
P ha
s en
tere
d in
to p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith
the
Cons
ulta
tive
Gro
up o
n In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
(CG
IP)
man
date
d to
dev
elop
a c
onso
lidat
ed v
iew
of t
he
issu
es fa
ced
by t
he v
ario
us in
dige
nous
gro
ups
in t
he
coun
try.
CG
IP e
njoy
s st
rong
sup
port
from
the
Hou
se
of R
epre
sent
ativ
es’ C
omm
ittee
on
Nat
iona
l Cul
tura
l Co
mm
uniti
es a
nd t
he N
atio
nal C
omm
issi
on o
n H
uman
Ri
ghts
(HRC
)
UNIPP key indicators58In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
20. C
apac
ity
of
IP
org
aniz
atio
ns
Boliv
ia•
Indi
geno
us o
rgan
izat
ions
act
ive
sinc
e la
te 1
960s
, with
in
crea
sed
activ
ity s
ince
Pop
ular
Par
ticip
atio
n Ac
t (1
994)
• C
onfe
dera
tion
of In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
of B
oliv
ia (C
IDO
B) a
nd
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
and
Mar
kas
of Q
ulla
suyu
Ayl
lus
(CO
NAM
AQ)
succ
eede
d in
put
ting
cons
truc
tion
of ro
ad t
hrou
gh n
atio
nal
park
on
natio
nal p
oliti
cal a
gend
a
• C
oope
ratio
n ag
reem
ents
est
ablis
hed
with
6 m
ajor
IP
orga
niza
tions
to
rein
forc
e th
eir
invo
lvem
ent
in d
raft
ing
of la
w o
n rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n
• O
rgan
ized
a S
outh
–Sou
th e
xcha
nge
visi
t in
volv
ing
gove
rnm
ent
repr
esen
tativ
es o
f Bol
ivia
, Col
ombi
a an
d Pe
ru, t
o al
low
the
m t
o dr
aw u
pon
less
ons
lear
ned
from
th
eir
expe
rienc
e in
dra
ftin
g le
gisl
atio
n in
con
sulta
tion
with
IPs
and
its s
ubse
quen
t im
plem
enta
tion.
The
ex
chan
ge v
isit
led
to c
apac
ity b
uild
ing
activ
ities
(d
ialo
gue
sem
inar
s) t
hat
bene
fited
220
repr
esen
tativ
es
from
gov
ernm
ent
min
istr
ies,
indi
geno
us o
rgan
izat
ions
an
d ci
vil s
ocie
ty a
ctor
s
• E
stab
lishe
d pa
rtne
rshi
p w
ith S
choo
l of P
ublic
M
anag
emen
t, un
der
whi
ch U
NIP
P pr
ovid
es t
rain
ing
and
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
to e
nsur
e IP
s’ r
ight
to
cons
ulta
tion
is in
corp
orat
ed in
to 2
013
scho
ol c
urric
ulum
• In
par
tner
ship
with
Vic
e M
inis
try
of D
ecol
oniz
atio
n,
orga
nize
d fir
st P
lurin
atio
nal m
eetin
g of
indi
geno
us
and
publ
ic u
nive
rsiti
es o
n rig
ht t
o co
nsul
tatio
n an
d el
imin
atio
n of
raci
sm a
nd a
ll fo
rms
of d
iscr
imin
atio
n
Cam
eroo
n•
PRO
169
act
ive
sinc
e 20
01, c
ondu
ctin
g se
min
ar o
n rig
hts
of IP
s w
ith t
he O
HCH
R. F
ollo
win
g th
is, a
ctiv
ities
focu
sed
prim
arily
on
rese
arch
into
the
lega
l fra
mew
ork
for
the
prot
ectio
n of
the
rig
hts
of IP
s in
Cam
eroo
n, a
nd o
n th
e in
tegr
atio
n of
IP n
eeds
and
prio
ritie
s in
to t
he P
RSP
proc
ess
• O
ther
act
iviti
es h
ave
incl
uded
rese
arch
on
best
pra
ctic
es fo
r im
plem
enta
tion
of IL
O C
169
in t
he fi
eld
of IP
s’ b
iling
ual a
nd
inte
rcul
tura
l edu
catio
n, a
nd v
ario
us t
rain
ing
activ
ities
• L
ong-
esta
blis
hed
orga
niza
tions
wor
king
on
indi
geno
us is
sues
ha
ve c
ontr
ibut
ed g
reat
ly t
o bu
ildin
g ca
paci
ty; s
ome
are
indi
geno
us N
GO
s (A
IWO
-CAN
and
MBO
SCU
DA)
, whi
le o
ther
s ha
ve d
evel
oped
str
ateg
ies
that
invo
lve
IPs
at g
roun
d le
vel
• T
hree
NG
Os
have
sen
t sh
adow
repo
rt t
o AC
HPR
bef
ore
the
exam
inat
ion
of C
amer
oon’
s pe
riodi
c re
view
UNIPP key indicators 59
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rtC
AR•
Non
e•
APP
ACA
CAR
pro
ject
link
ed w
ith 2
indi
geno
us p
artn
er
orga
niza
tions
(AD
IBAC
and
Gro
up M
boro
ros)
, whi
ch
part
icip
ate
in p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
and
follo
w-u
p ac
tiviti
es o
nce
appr
opria
te t
rain
ing
give
n
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• IL
O, i
n co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith O
HCH
R, p
rovi
ded
tech
nica
l as
sist
ance
(e.g
. tra
inin
g on
IP r
ight
s fo
r go
vern
men
t of
ficia
ls,
NG
Os
and
indi
geno
us re
pres
enta
tives
; sup
port
to
wor
ksho
ps
orga
nize
d to
ena
ble
cons
ulta
tion
on t
he d
raft
law
; and
te
chni
cal c
omm
ents
on
the
draf
t la
w) t
o M
inis
try
of Ju
stic
e in
dr
aftin
g La
w N
o. 5
-201
1
• R
ENAP
AC e
stab
lishe
d (2
007)
• U
NIP
P im
plem
entin
g se
vera
l act
iviti
es in
coo
pera
tion
with
REN
APAC
Nep
al•
Goo
d ca
paci
ty w
ithin
NEF
IN a
nd L
AHU
RNIP
; inc
reas
ed
part
icip
atio
n in
inte
rnat
iona
l pro
cess
es (U
NPF
II, C
ERD
)
• R
elat
ivel
y w
eak
capa
city
am
ong
indi
geno
us w
omen
’s
orga
niza
tions
• U
N S
peci
al R
appo
rteu
r re
com
men
ded
impr
ovin
g IP
and
go
vern
men
t ca
paci
ty
• C
ontin
ued
capa
city
bui
ldin
g of
IP o
rgan
izat
ions
th
roug
h U
NIP
P
• O
rgan
izat
ions
hav
e ca
paci
ty t
o ta
ckle
exi
stin
g an
d em
ergi
ng is
sues
col
lect
ivel
y, in
clud
ing
in c
ases
of
relig
ious
and
em
ploy
men
t-re
late
d di
scrim
inat
ion
ag
ains
t IP
s
Nic
arag
ua•
Spe
cific
indi
geno
us o
rgan
izat
ions
hav
e ex
iste
d si
nce
the
1970
s. M
ain
issu
es fo
r m
obili
zatio
n w
ere
land
and
lang
uage
rig
hts
• In
dige
nous
/Afr
o-de
scen
dant
org
aniz
atio
ns t
rain
ed in
re
leva
nt le
gisl
atio
n
• N
atio
nal C
ounc
il of
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es o
f the
Pac
ific,
N
orth
, and
Cen
tre
of N
icar
agua
(um
brel
la o
rgan
izat
ion
for
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es in
tha
t pa
rt o
f the
cou
ntry
) re
cent
ly fo
rmed
• O
rgan
izat
iona
l str
engt
heni
ng o
f Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
of
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es o
f the
Pac
ific,
Nor
th, a
nd C
entr
e of
Nic
arag
ua (p
artic
ular
ly in
clus
ion
of in
itiat
ives
for
indi
geno
us w
omen
)
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• S
outh
-Eas
t As
ia: A
IPP
• In
done
sia:
AM
AN
• P
hilip
pine
s: C
GIP
com
pose
d of
sev
eral
indi
geno
us p
eopl
es’
fede
ratio
ns, i
nclu
ding
KAM
P, K
ASAP
I, EC
IP, K
ATRI
BU a
nd F
PP
• S
outh
-Eas
t As
ia: A
IPP
is U
NIP
P’s
key
indi
geno
us p
artn
er
in S
outh
-Eas
t As
ia
• In
done
sia:
AM
AN is
UN
IPP’
s ke
y in
dige
nous
par
tner
in
Indo
nesi
a
• P
hilip
pine
s: C
GIP
is U
NIP
P’s
key
part
ner
in t
he
Phili
ppin
es
• T
hrou
gh U
NIP
P, t
he A
sia
Net
wor
k on
Ext
ract
ive
Indu
strie
s an
d En
ergy
was
est
ablis
hed
in 2
013
UNIPP key indicators60In
dic
ato
rPr
og
ram
me
Prio
r to
UN
IPP
Wit
h U
NIP
P su
pp
ort
21. L
inka
ges
wit
h
reg
ion
al/s
ub
reg
ion
al
rele
van
t m
ech
anis
ms
and
p
roce
sses
Cam
eroo
n•
Rec
omm
enda
tion
of A
CHPR
to
harm
oniz
e na
tiona
l leg
isla
tion
with
regi
onal
/inte
rnat
iona
l sta
ndar
ds o
n IP
rig
hts
• U
NIP
P pa
rtic
ipat
ion
in 5
4th
sess
ion
of A
CHPR
, dur
ing
whi
ch C
amer
oon’
s pe
riodi
c re
port
was
con
side
red
• U
NIP
P su
ppor
ted
the
part
icip
atio
n of
tw
o AC
HPR
m
embe
rs (C
omm
issi
oner
Mai
ga, P
resi
dent
of t
he
Wor
king
Gro
up o
n IP
s, a
nd C
omm
issi
oner
Asu
agbo
r, an
othe
r m
embe
r of
the
Wor
king
Gro
up) i
n a
natio
nal
wor
ksho
p on
eva
luat
ing
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
tre
aty
body
reco
mm
enda
tions
, as
wel
l as
an e
xper
t w
orks
hop
on t
he s
tudy
rela
ting
to t
he id
entifi
catio
n of
IPs
in
Cam
eroo
n
• S
ever
al fo
llow
-up
cons
ulta
tions
initi
ated
with
va
rious
sta
keho
lder
s, t
o co
ntrib
ute
to t
he e
ffec
tive
impl
emen
tatio
n of
obs
erva
tions
and
reco
mm
enda
tions
m
ade
by s
uper
viso
ry b
odie
s of
inte
rnat
iona
l and
re
gion
al t
reat
ies
and
mec
hani
sms
CAR
• F
act-
findi
ng v
isit
by W
orki
ng G
roup
of A
fric
an C
omm
issi
on o
n In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
•
Wor
king
Gro
up o
f Afr
ican
Com
mis
sion
on
Indi
geno
us
Peop
les
invo
lved
in U
NIP
P in
itiat
ives
Repu
blic
of C
ongo
• V
isit
by W
orki
ng G
roup
of A
fric
an C
omm
issi
on o
n In
dige
nous
Pe
ople
s/AC
HPR
(201
1); r
egio
nal w
orks
hop
with
sup
port
from
Af
rican
Uni
on (2
011)
• P
re-m
eetin
g se
ssio
n of
UN
PFII
host
ed in
Bra
zzav
ille
(Mar
201
3)
UNIPP key indicators 61
Ind
icat
or
Pro
gra
mm
ePr
ior
to U
NIP
PW
ith
UN
IPP
sup
po
rtN
epal
• P
artic
ipat
ion
of s
ome
IP o
rgan
izat
ions
in U
NPF
II, E
xper
t M
echa
nism
on
the
Righ
ts o
f Ind
igen
ous
Peop
les
(EM
RIP)
; sh
adow
repo
rt s
ent
to C
ERD
• C
omm
unic
atio
n w
ith: S
peci
al R
appo
rteu
rs o
n In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
/Rel
igio
n; C
ERD
; EM
RIP,
UN
PFII
by
LAH
URN
IP a
nd o
ther
org
aniz
atio
ns
• F
ollo
w-u
p of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Lab
our
Stan
dard
s re
port
ing
Sout
h-Ea
st A
sia
• R
egio
nal c
onsu
ltatio
ns w
ith S
peci
al R
appo
rteu
r (2
007
and
2013
)•
Pro
vidi
ng a
kno
wle
dge-
shar
ing
plat
form
and
faci
litat
ing
a co
nsul
tatio
n w
ith re
pres
enta
tives
of I
Ps, c
ivil
soci
ety
orga
niza
tions
and
UN
age
ncie
s on
key
str
ateg
ic a
reas
fo
r U
N s
uppo
rt fo
r 20
13. C
onsu
ltatio
ns fo
cuse
d on
the
im
port
ance
of I
P rig
hts
in re
latio
n to
min
ing
and
othe
r ex
trac
tive
indu
stry
-rel
ated
con
flict
s an
d hu
man
rig
hts
viol
atio
ns, a
nd t
he re
leva
nce
of im
plem
entin
g th
e ne
w
Gov
ernm
ent
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Ord
er o
n FP
IC
• S
uppo
rt t
o As
ia R
egio
nal P
repa
rato
ry M
eetin
g fo
r 20
14 W
orld
Con
fere
nce
(lead
ing
to a
dopt
ion
of A
sia
Dec
lara
tion
for
Wor
ld C
onfe
renc
e)
• S
uppo
rt t
o th
e As
ia c
onsu
ltatio
n w
ith t
he S
peci
al
Rapp
orte
ur (h
eld
in M
alay
sia)
, in
whi
ch in
dige
nous
re
pres
enta
tives
, NH
RI o
ffici
als
and
CSO
exp
erts
and
ac
tivis
ts fr
om In
done
sia,
Mal
aysi
a an
d th
e Ph
ilipp
ines
pa
rtic
ipat
ed
• C
onso
lidat
ing
and
stre
ngth
enin
g sy
nerg
ies
betw
een
ongo
ing
regi
onal
and
inte
rnat
iona
l dis
cuss
ions
an
d in
itiat
ives
on
extr
activ
e in
dust
ries
and
IPs,
in
conn
ectio
n w
ith E
MRI
P
Learn more about UNIPP
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