Union College and IEEE Schenectady Section present The ... · The Steinmetz Memorial Lecture for...
Transcript of Union College and IEEE Schenectady Section present The ... · The Steinmetz Memorial Lecture for...
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UnionCollegeandIEEESchenectadySectionpresent
TheSteinmetzMemorialLecturefor2015
OurTravelsThroughTime:EnvisioningHistoricalWavesofTechnologicalInnovation
LynnConwayProfessorofEECS,Emerita
UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor
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AlectureinmemoryofCharlesProteusSteinmetzApr9,1865– Oct26,1923
WikiCommons
Legendarypioneerofelectricalengineering,
Onthe150th anniversaryofhisbirth
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I’mespeciallyhonoredtohavebeeninvitedtogivethislectureforSteinmetzhasbeenapowerfulrolemodelforme,becauseofhis:
(i) Pivotalroleinthe“ACrevolution”,(ii) Creativelylivingawonderfullyfulllife,(iii) Anddoingallthisinthefaceofhardships
thatcouldhavecrushedalessersoul.
Backin1978atMIT,asIstruggledtolaunchalaterrevolution,Ikeptahisphotoonmyofficewall(seeatright,justabovethechair)...
Lynn’sofficeatMIT,1978
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Keepthesewordsinmind... “Thefartherbackwardyoucanlook,thefartherforwardyoucansee.”– WinstonChurchill
Link
Aswetravelthroughtime...
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We’llfirststepbackandreflectonsomeearlywavesofinnovation
Thenwe’llzoom-inontheACelectricityrevolutioninvolvingSteinmetz
AndonthelaterVLSImicrochipdesignrevolutionthatIparticipatedin
We’llthenenvisioningthehugeincomingwaveofinnovationasever-smaller,ever-more-empoweringmicrosystemsbecomeembeddedintoalmosteverything.
Note:Thisslide-show(withlinks)willbepostedonline,forlaterreference.
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Link
Tosetthestage,let’svisualizesomepastwavesofdisruptiveinnovation...
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We’llbegininthe1400sduringtheRenaissance,atimeoftransformationalculturaladvances...
PragueAstronomicalClock,c.1410:
ThemechanizationofastronomicalcalculationsduringtheRenaissance:
PhotobyHectorZenil (www.hectorzenil.net)
AstunningconfluenceoftheMathematics,Science,EngineeringArchitectureandArtofthetime...
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Towardstheendofthe1400’sacomminglingclusterofadvancesinshipbuilding,navigationandmap-makingreacheda‘tippingpoint’,triggeringtheonsetoftheAgeofDiscovery ...
PortugueseCarrack
Mariner’sAstrolabe
GimbalCompass
Cantino planisphere (1502)
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ChartingtheEarlyVoyagesduringtheAgeofDiscovery,c.1492-1522...
WikiCommons
Thusitbegins:
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Explorationratesescalatedasmass-communicationbyprinting alsospreadinthelate-1400s,enablingadventurerstoevermorequicklypropagatenewsofwhatthey’dfoundandhowthey’dfoundit...
Link;Attribution:Aodhdubh atEnglishWikipedia
ReplicaGutenbergPressattheFeatherbedAlleyPrintshop Museum:
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Theescalationisevidenced,agenerationlater,inDiogo Ribeiro’s much-more-detailedWorldMapasof1527...
WikiCommons
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Andtwogenerationslater,inMercator’sprojection-mapof1569...
WikiCommons
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Source
Bytheearly1700’s,exponentiation hadgeneratedamassiveglobaltradingsystem...
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Now,what’happeninghere?JustexponentiationofTHINGS?Isthatallitis?
OrexponentiationofkeyclustersofinnovativeIDEASinthemindsofevermorepeople?IDEASonhowtoMAKEandUSEthings...
Mariner’sAstrolabe
GimbalCompass
PortugueseCarrack
Cantino planisphere (1502)Attribution:AodhdubhatEnglishWikipedia
Link
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Bythemid-1700’s,thestagewassetforatremendousdisruptivewaveoftechnologicalinnovation,
Link
andsobegantheindustrialrevolution (~1760-1850)...
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DuringtheIndustrialRevolutiontheminingofcoalandiron-orewasgreatlyamplifiedbysteam-power...
SnipfromGoogleImages
Someoftheresultingironwasusedtomakemoresteamengines,andthepositivefeedbackgeneratedaniterativeexpansion-process...
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Initially,heavyindustrialrawmaterialsandproductsweretransportedusingtheexpandingcanalsystem:
WikiCommonsLoadingcoalontheLehighCanal WikiCommons
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Bythe1830’s,steam-poweredrailroadsbeganinterconnectingminestoiron-worksandrail-makers,enablingmore-rapidexpansionofrailroads...
SnipfromGoogleImages
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ThesechartsrevealtherapidearlyspreadofrailroadingintheUS...
http://www.cprr.org/Museum/RR_Development.html#2
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Theexpansionwasacceleratedbyrapidspreadoftelegraphyinthe1850s,theeffectanalogoustothatofprintingintheageofdiscovery...
(SnipfromGoogleImages)
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http://www.telegraph-history.org/http://www.telegraph-history.org/map2.htm
MapoftelegraphstationsintheUnitedStates,CanadaandNovaScotia,1853
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Zoomingintothemapoftelegraphstationsin1853...
http://www.telegraph-history.org/map2.htm
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Themuchexpandedrailroadsystem,asof1860...
source
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Allthatsetthestageforanotherdisruptivewaveofinnovation,andtheSecondIndustrialRevolution beganinthe1860s/70s...
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The Second Industrial Revolution* was characterized by
(1) the build out of railroads
(2) large scale iron and steel production
(3) widespread use of machinery in manufacturing
(4) greatly increased use of steam power
(5) use of oil
(6) beginning of electricity
(7) electrical communications – Wikipedia
Let’sfirstzoom-inandfollowtheprogress ofthe“buildoutoftherailroads”from1860– 1890...
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1860
source
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1870
source
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1880
source
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1890
source
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Likecompoundinterest,theearlysocial-diffusionrateofsuchclustersoftechnologicalideasisapproximatelyproportionaltowhat’salreadythereatanygivenpointintime...
source
y(t)=y(0)e^rt
(i.e.,exponentialfunction):
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y(t)=ymax/(1+((ymax/y(0))–1))e^-rt)
Butastheopportunity-spacefills,thediffusionrateoftechnologicalideasslowsastheclusternearsitsexpansionlimits...
sourceearlyexponentiation
latersaturation
(i.e.,logisticfunction):
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Let’svisualizetheharnessing“electricity”bythe1890’s:
Electricgenerators,motorsandlightswerebeingembeddedinarapidly-expandingelectrically-empoweredindustrial,commercialandtransportationinfrastructure.
NamessuchasEdison,Westinghouse,Tesla,Steinmetz andSprague werebecomingfamousforrolesincreatingthenewly-spreadingtechnologies.
Andthealternatingvsdirect(ACvsDC)“warofthecurrents”wason...
Thedramaticstoryofthateraisrevealedindetailinthewebsite,displaysandresourcesoftheEdisonTechCenterhereinSchenectady.
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Visualizingthespreadofelectrification,andit’sco-evolution withthespreadofelectrictractionsubwaysandinterurbanlight-railsystems...
Motors
SubwaysInterurbanrail
PlanningtheIRT,1891
Generators
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Nowlet’szoom-inandlookat thespecialroleofSteinmetz intheACrevolution...
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1892:
“Steinmetz’experiments...ledtohisfirstimportantwork,thelawofhysteresis.
...Untilthattimethepowerlossesinmotors,generators,transformers,andotherelectricallypoweredmachinescouldbeknownonlyafter theywerebuilt.
OnceSteinmetzhadfoundthelaw...engineerscouldcalculateandminimizelossesofelectricpower...before startingtheconstructionofsuchmachines ...
Hisworkwasimmediatelyrecognizedasaclassic...Steinmetz’reputationwasassuredattheageof27.”
EncyclopediaBrittanica:
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1893:
“Hissecondcontributionwas...asymbolicmethodofcalculatingalternating-currentphenomenaandinsodoingsimplifiedanextremelycomplicatedandbarelyunderstoodfieldsothattheaverageengineercouldworkwithalternatingcurrent.
Thisaccomplishmentwaslargelyresponsiblefortherapidprogressmadeinthecommercialintroductionofalternating-currentapparatus ...
TheproblemthatSteinmetzfacedwasthatelectricalengineerswerenottaughtenoughmathematicstounderstandhisnewmathematicaltreatmentofproblemsusingcomplexnumbers.
1897-1911:
Toeducatetheelectricalengineeringprofession,hepublishedseveraltextbooks...throughhiswriting,lecturing,andteaching*,hismethodofcalculationwithcomplexnumberswasuniversallyadoptedinworkwithalternatingcurrents.”
*atUnionCollege EncyclopediaBrittanica
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Steinmetz’ssymbolicmathematicalmethodsthatenabledlargenumbersofengineerstoeasily“navigate”theworldofACelectricity:
Indoingthiswork,Steinmetzalsopioneeredintheemergenceof20thcenturymethodsinengineeringscienceandengineeringeducation...
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Healsomasterfullyunfoldedtheabstractmathematicsbehindhissymbolicmethods...
Link
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Withtheresultthatnewly-educatedelectricalengineerscouldmechanizetheresultingmathematicalcalculationsusinginstrumentssuchasthis
K&E4053-3SlideRule,c.1910...
Source
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Leadingtoarapidbuild-outofACgenerationandtransmissioninfrastructurefrom1900’sonwards...
SmithsonianSmithsonian
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Expandingintothevastinfrastructure nowusedforefficientlygeneratingandtransmittingACelectricpowerfromenergy-sourcestoend-users...
SnipfromGoggleimages
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VisualizingtheU.S.high-voltageACtransmissiongrid(asof2008)
WikiCommons
Logisticfunction
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Toenvisionitsdramaticscale,lookattheUSatnight,asseenfromspace...
NASA
ThinkhowmanymindsSteinmetz’sideas passedthrutomakethishappen...
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Link
1929
Link
1992
1924
Link
ReadingswhereyoucanlearnmoreaboutSteinmetz’samazinglife...
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SteinmetzDigitalCollectionofSchenectady
Workinginhishomelaboratories.. andatCampMohawk..enjoyinglifewithhisadoptedfamily
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Let’sgo‘BacktotheFuture’again,andzoom-inonalaterdisruptivewaveofinnovation inelectronicsandcomputing...
OneIparticipatedin:therevolutioninVeryLargeScaleIntegrated(VLSI)microchipdesign,beginningin1976...
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Thestagewassetbyemergenceofintegratedcircuit technology inthe1960’s,enablingnumbersoftransistorsandtheirwiringtobe‘printed’ontochipsofsilicon...
Someearlyintegratedcircuits:
SnipfromGoggleimages
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Andbytheearly70srevolutionincomputerdesign(usingMSIintegratedcircuits):
Innovationoftheinteractive-display,mouse-controlled“personalcomputer”,the“Ethernet”local-areanetwork,andthe“laserprinter”(atXeroxPARC) ...
Wikicommons
XeroxAlto,1973 Metcalfe’s originalEthernet sketch,1973
AndtheDept.ofDefense’s“Arpanet”(theearlyinternet,atDARPA)...
Arpanet map,1971
Laserprinter,1971
SourceSource
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Ongoingadvancesinlithographyenabledever-finerfeaturestobeprinted,rapidlyincreasingthenumberoftransistorsprintableonsinglechips.
Andby1971,awatershedwascrossedwiththeintroductionoftheIntel4004,thefirstsingle-chip“microprocessor”:a“computerprocessoronachip”...
Itcontained2300transistors...
Source
Source
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Here’sa4004’smaskset(overlainlikeastackofphotonegatives),showingpatterns“printed”ineachlayerofthechipthattogetherwillcreatethe2300transistorsandtheirinterconnections.
This“at-the-time”complexdesignhadtobemanuallydrafted,withoutaidofcomputers.
Eachmasklayerwascraftedbyhand-cuttingitsdraftedpatternintoalargesheetof‘rubylith’.
Sheetswerethenoverlaintocheckforinterlayerdesign-ruleviolations.
Theneachphoto-reducedtomakethe4004’smaskset.
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GordonMooreatIntelobservedthatthenumberoftransistorsreliablyprintedonchipswasroughlydoublingeverytwoyears...
N(t)/N(0)=2^(t/2)
Moore’sLaw (asof1976)
Afterall,lookingaheaditappearedconceivableby~1990anentiresuperscalar“supercomputer”couldbeprintedonasinglechip...
Anexponentialfunction,graphedonavertical logscale
.
CarverMead namedthis“Moore’sLaw”anddeterminedthattherewerenophysicallimitstoincreasingthedensityupto~1milliontransistors.
In1976thisset-offapushatXeroxPARCandCaltechtofigureouthowtoenablesuchcomplexthingstobedesigned.
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Formoreinsightintothat,youcanbrowsemy“ReminiscencesoftheVLSIRevolution”intheFall2012IEEESolidStateCircuitsMagazine.
Tonightwe’lljusthitthehighlights,includinghowSteinmetz’sstoryinfluencedtheoutcome...
Thestoryofwhatunfoldedoverthefollowingthree/fouryearsisquiteasaga...
ThatwasthefirsttimeI’dcomeforwardtotellthewholestory ...
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ThebreakoutwastriggeredbyaclusterofabstractinnovationsatXeroxPARCandCaltech...
Link
IncludedwereasetofscalableVLSIchip-layoutdesignrules,intheformofratioed (dimensionless)inequalityequations(Conway,XeroxPARC)...
Theseenabledabstractchipdesignstobedigitallyshrunkdown(andreused)asMoore’slawrapidlyadvanced...
Theyalsoenabledaccruingchipsubsystemdesignstobewidelyshared...
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Thedrivingidea:
Assumingthatchiplithographyscales-downyearbyyear accordingtoMoore’sLaw,Andever-moreever-fastertransistorscanbeprintedonsinglechipsastimegoesby,do:
Step(i):Useacomputerandthenewmethodstodesignthelayoutpatternsforaprocessorofmoreapowerfulcomputer,tobe“printed”inthenextdenserprocess.
Step(i+1):Usethenewchipsandnewsoftwarechip-designtoolstocreatemorepowerful“computer-design”computers,thenrepeatstep(i).
Ifevermoreengineersandprogrammerscoulddothis,andonanexpandingnumberofincreasinglypowerfulcomputers,thentheiterativeexpanding-process couldexplosivelygenerateever-moreandever-more-powerfuldigitalsystems...(i.e.,exponentiate!).
Thebigproblem:
Wherearealltheengineersandprogrammersgoingtocomefrom,andhowaretheygoingtolearnhowtodothis?Aha!RecallhowSteinmetzcopedwiththisproblem ...
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So,wefirstdocumentedthe‘Mead-Conway’systemofsimplified,restructured,design-levelabstractionsandchipdesignmethodsinanevolvingcomputer-editedbook ...
LinkThusweusedourAltocomputerstomechanizenotonlyourcomputations,andourgenerationofchip-designlayouts,butalsotheevolutionofthebookitself...
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Thatcomputer-editedevolvingbook,printedusingthelaserprintersatPARC,becamethedraftofthefamoustextbook:
IntroductiontoVLSISystems
byMeadandConway,publishedin1980...
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WealsousedourAltostogenerate (atXeroxPARC) manyopen-sourcecell-layout-designsforkeydigital-subsystems,easilydisseminatedtostudentsandcolleaguesviatheArpanet…
CIF2.0Cell-Librarycode
PLAcells Clockdrivers
I/OPads Celllocations
URL
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And,followingthe“script”SteinmetzusedtopropagatehisrevolutionaryACmethodsatUnionCollege,IintroducedthenewmethodsinaspecialVLSIdesigncourseatMITin1978.
LinkLinkLink
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Thestudentslearnedtodesignchipsinthe1sthalfofthecourse,thendidproject-chipdesignsinthe2nd half.TheywerefabricatedinPatCastro’slabatHP shortlyafterthecourse.
ThereweremanyamazingresultsincludingacompleteLispmicroprocessordesignbyGuySteele...
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Mapandphotomicrographofthe19studentprojectsontheMIT’78‘MultiProject’Chip
FormoreabouttheMIT’78course,seeLynn’s“MITReminiscences”
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TheMIT’78coursestunnedtopfolksinSiliconValley...Chipdesigntillthenhadbeenamystery,onlygraspedbyafewcomputerarchitectsworkingforchipmanufacturers..whothushadaccesstothe“printingplants”...
Manyothertopresearchuniversitieswantedtooffersuchacourse.Buthow?
Afterintensivepondering,Icameupwiththeanswer:ReruntheMIT’78courseatadozenresearchuniversities,usingmyMITlecturenotestokeepeverythinginsync.
Buthowto“print”thestudentprojectchips?
Isuddenlyenvisionedanewformof“E-commerce”system,enablingstudentdesignfilestoberemotelysubmittedviatheArpanettoa“server”atPARC...
Theserverwouldrunlogistics-softwaretopackthedesignsintomulti-projectchipfiles(likecomposingtheprint-filesforamagazine,usingremotely-submittedarticles)...
We’dthenmakemasks,“print”MPC’satHPLabs(wheremycollaboratorPatCastrohadprototypedthefirst“siliconfoundry”),andquicklyreturnthechipstostudents.
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Inthefallof1979,weorchestratedahuge“happening”(MPC79*) ...Itinvolved129buddingVLSIdesignerstakingMead-Conwaycoursesat12researchuniversities…
*TheMPCAdventures,L.Conway,XeroxPARC,1981
MPC79ArpanetE-commercesystem:
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MPC79 notonlyprovidedalarge-scale“demonstration-operation-validation”ofthedesignmethods,designcourses,designtoolsande-commercedigital-prototypingtechnology…italsotriggered‘cyclicgain’in,andexponentiationof,thebuddingVLSI-design-ecosystem…
TheMPCAdventures,L.ynn Conway,XeroxPARC1981.
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Thusbreakingthe“VLSIcomplexitybarrier”,spawningtheMOSIS*nationalchip-prototypingservice,andbootstrapping the“fabless-design+siliconfoundry”paradigmofchip-making…
*BytransferofMPC79technologyfromXeroxPARCtoUSC-ISI
Lynnandherteampreparepackagedchipstosendtodesigners,Jan4,1980
MPC79:
Wafer.....
Chip.......
PackagedChip ..
Example:
JimClark’s“GeometryEngine”
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Visualizinghowtechno-socialdynamicstriggeredanexponentiationinthespreadoftheinnovativeVLSIdesignideasviatheemerginginternetcommunicationtechnology...
TheMPCAdventures (p.16)
By1982-83,Mead-ConwayVLSIdesigncourseswerebeingofferedat113universitiesallaroundtheworld
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Startingwithseveralthousandin1971,by2011thenumberoftransistorsonachiphadpassedseveralbillion!
Inparallelwithallthat,overthepast40yearsorso,we’veseeMoore’sLawstayontrackalltheway!
N(t)/N(0)=2^(t/2)
N
N(0),t(0)
(exponentialfunctionwithtinyears)
(exponentialfunctiongraphedonlogscale)
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Here’sapartialmapoftheInternet... ZoomingintoseeIPAddresses...
WikiCommons
VisualizingtheInternet’sexpansionby2010...
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GlobalFoundries VLSIsilicon-chipfabricationplant,Malta,NY...
Panoramio,GoogleMapsAgiant“printingplant”forpatterningcomplexmicrosystemsontovastnumbersofsiliconchips...
AndUnderConstruction,June26,2014!
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Andherearethetop“SiliconFoundries,”asof2013:
Thesearewheremanyoftheworld’sVLSIsiliconmicrochipsare“printed”...
Wikipedia
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TakingaglimpseinsidethehugeTSMCfoundryinTaiwan...
GoogleImages
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Themicrochipdesignsarebeingcreatedbyengineersincompaniesallaroundtheworld,thensentviatheinternettosuch“foundries”for“printing”...
Ineffect,turning“Sand”(whichismostlySiO2)into“Gold”...!
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TheresultingVLSIchipsarethenusedbydesignengineerstofunctionallyempowerandcontrolallsortsofthings...thingsthatthey’redeeplyembeddedinto...
Smartphones Wearables
Autos Drones
SnipsfromGoogleImages
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Zoominginononeexample,hereweseeaniPhone5chipwithDualARMCoresandmultipleGPUs
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Link
InteractiveZoom-inInternetMap,2015
Thisalsoincludeschipsthatempowertheinternet...
exponentialfunction
whichcontinuestoexpandexponentially...
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NASA:Earthfromspaceatnight
Withtheinternetconnectingever-more-peopleandchip-empowered-things,justimaginewhat’sgoingonoutthere,rightnow,allaroundtheworld!
Thussettingthestageforwhat’scomingnext...!
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Tolearnmoreaboutthesocial,technologicalandhumandrama surroundingtheremarkablebirthofpersonalcomputingandtheinternet,seethesebooks:
LinkLinkLink
201019991999
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Link
"What'spastisprologue"– WilliamShakespeare
It’snowtimetolookforward,intothefuture...!
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waveofinnovationoutthere,nowjustbeyondthesocial-time-horizon...Asweturn180⁰andlookahead... wecanvisualizeahugeincoming
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Onethingforsure:
Link
Thisoneisthe“BigOne”!...
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Upuntilnowmicrosystemshavebeendeeplyembeddedout-of-sightandout-of-mindinsideof“things”like...Smartphones Wearables
Autos Drones
Butwhyisitstartingnow?...Let’ssetthestage:
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Thusfewfolksvisualize the“manyideasinmotion”thatgeneratetheastonishing‘out-of-body’experiences whenflyingaParrotBebopwithanOculusRift...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZdSMAG90Rs www.youtube.com/watch?v=Io6V0NR7DN0
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That’sallabouttochangeduetotechnologicalmilestonessuchasMotorola's"ProjectAra" tocreatemodularsmartphones...
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Ara’s ‘Phonebloks’willpopularizetheconceptofmicro‘HardwareApps’
Manyfar-tinierthancurrent-day‘bigthings”likecameras,GPSunits,servos,bluetooth links,microphones...
Suchmicrosystemsnowinoursmartphones(butoutofsightandoutofmind)willsuddenlybecomemorevisible.
Andthey’renotjustprocessorchips,they’realsoMicroElectroMechanical(MEMS)Chips,tinymicro-mechanismsalsoprintedlithographicallyin“foundries”...
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MEMS,suchasinertialmeasurementunits(IMUs),microsensors,microcamsandmicro-transducers ...andtheirmicrocontrollers andmicro-interconnects ...
IMUs Microcameras
Sensors Interconnects
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Andthey’reallgettingaLOTtinier!Seeforexample:TheMichiganMicroMote:
“...researchersattheUniversityofMichiganunderthedirectionofProfessorsDavidBlaauw,DennisSylvester,DavidWentzlof andPrabalDuttahaverecentlyannouncedthe...“MichiganMicroMote.”
...amulti-layeredintegratedcircuitwithbuilt-insolarcells,battery,microprocessor,sensors,radioandmemory...come(s)inthreetypes,measuringtemperature,pressureorimages“
ComputerHistoryMuseum
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Toglimpsewherethisisheading,checkouttheZano drone,arecentlylaunched“animatedsystem”…
Extremelytiny,itincludesanHDcam,IMU,GPS,MCU,IRobstacleavoidance,gesturecontrol,autofollowing,swarming andmore…
Therearesomanydimensionstoitscapabilities,it’shardtoevensaywherethe“system”beginsandwhereitends...checkoutthisamazingVIDEO!
Source
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgkbhjXTbOE
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Thesearen’tjustfrivolousrecreationalplay-things,butinsteadhavevastpotentialforhumanempowerment...
Considerthestoryofaheart-patientconfinedbyanlengthyhospitalstay
Hecannowenjoyexploringthebeautifulworldoutsidehiswindow,alaptopcontrollinghisdrone,providingstunningviewsofwhat’soutthere
Itwon’tbelongbeforewecanjoinfriendsongroup“drone-tours”ofremoteplacesaroundtheworld,rightfromownindividualhomes...
Witheachourdrones“carryingoureyes”remotelyintheformoffisheyelensesandmicrocams (asintheBebop)
WhichweseethroughbyusingourOculusRiftsovertheinternet!
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Imaginetheimpactastoday’skidsstartpeekingattheinsidesofZanonanodrones!
URL
Thinkofthepossibilitiesofwhattheymightdonext!
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Someideas/thingsinthecomingwaveofinnovationsarehinted-atbythenewMyo gesturecontrolarmbands fromthemechatronicsengineersatThalmic Labs:
https://www.thalmic.com/en/myo/
VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO!
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So,what’shappeninghere?
Insteadofjustprintingabilliontransistorsontosingle“large”smartphonechips.
Wecanalsoprintamilliontransistorsonto1000verytinybutverypowerfulchips.
I.e.,youcanactuallydoalotwithamilliontransistors!
Sowecannowembedlotsandlotsoftinymicro-processorsandMEMSmicro-mechanismsintoalmosteverything.
Placingthemweretheycangetlocalphysicaldatasuchasposition,acceleration,temperature,pressure,etc.
Thusenablingsmart-distributed-clustersoftinychipstoanimateandinteractivelycontrolmanymacro-scalesystemssuchasrobots,drones,autos...
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Suchchipscanbeselectedandembeddedinmacro-scalesystemsByexploitinginnovationsinselectionmethods,andinnovationsinwoven,printed,near-fieldandwirelessinterconnections...MicroChiplets (XeroxPARC) Low-energyBluetoothbeacons
Smarttextiles(PASTA)
Near-fieldcommunications
Video
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Thisembedded-microsystemsrevolutionisgettingupabigheadofsteaminemerging“SiliconValleys”,“Cambridges”and“MakerValley’s”allaroundtheworld…
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Source
Wecanzoom-inandwatchitunfoldinmappingsofmanyspecificareasofmicro-systemtechnology,suchastheimagesensorsfor“microcameras” ...
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Andinthemovementof“application-idea-clusters”alongGartner’s“HypeCycle”
2014URL
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Onekeyclusterofinnovationsonthatwaveis“3DPrinting”...Enablingmacro-scale3D“things”tobequicklymadefromdigital-specscreatedbydesignersusingpersonalcomputers...
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3Dprintersenablemakingprototypemacrostructuressuchasrobots,drones,medicaldevices,andmore...intowhichmicrosystemscanbeembedded...
Onceprototypesareperfected,design-filescanbesharedormarketedtoother3Dprinterusersanywhere...
Whenthose“things”becomeobsolete,theirpolymermacro-structurescanbe‘melted-down’andreusedtomakenew“things”...
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Innovativenewmicro-hardwareappscanalsobeinsertedintosuchadditivemanufacturingsystems...enablinga3Dprinterthatprint3Dprinters*toprototypeayetmorepowerful3-Dprinter!
*“PrintersforPearce:AnInterviewwith3DPrintersforPeace’sDr.JoshuaPearce”,MichaelMolitch-Hou,3DPrintingIndustry,10/18/13 Seealso:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8Wv3LCJcUE andhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiJDx9dCfEQ
Justaswhensomeoftheironwasfed-backtomakemoresteamenginestofurtherempowertheindustrialrevolution...
Innovatingsuchiterativefeedbackloops yields“gain”inthetechnologicalexplorationsystem...
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‘BlendedLearning’bygiulia.forsythe,Flickr‘WhatisaMOOC?’bygiulia.forsythe,Flickr
But(recallingSteinmetz’sdilemma)howwillalltheyounginnovatorslearntograspthenewwaveofconceptspropellingthisrevolution?
Fortunately,awaveofexploratorychangeissweepingengineeringeducation,justintime...
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Andmore...
Source
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Manyyoungincomingengineeringstudentshavealsogaineddeep-experiencesat...
LEGOCamps MakerFaires
FABLabs RobotCompetitions
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Plus,theycannowgainongoingknowledgeasneeded,usinginternet-basedlifelong-learningresources...
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Some(the“microsystemsdesigners”)willgoontoexploitrapidly-evolvingelectronicdesignautomation(EDA) and“multi-physics”designtoolstocreatenewmicro-hardwareapps...
SnipfromGoogleImages
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Exploitinginnovationssuchas3Dchip-stackingandthrough-siliconvias (TSVs)tocomposeever-tiner chip-modulesand“hardwareApps”(likethe‘MicroMote’)...
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Manyothers(the“mechatronicsdesigners”)willusecollaborativemacro-scaledesigntoolssuchasDessault Systems’‘3DExperiencePlatform’
toinnovativelyembedsmartmodularhardware-appstodramaticallyanimateanewwaveofhuman-scalesystems...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPu28vUcZzI
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Startingwithincars
World-wideautomotivetechnologywillbeahugedriveroftherapidembeddingofmicro-hardwareAppsintohuman-scalesystems...
andonintoMobilitytechnology
andintoSmart Roadways
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Nowwe’veallheardaboutSelf-drivingcars...LATimesInfographic:
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Forexample,justthisweekattheShanghaiMotorShow (April20-29,2015)Mini isshowcasingtheirnewaugmented-realityglassesconcept...
Tovisualizethemanypossibilitiesofthisconcept,watchthisremarkableVIDEO
Butwhataboutexploiting“AugmentedReality”(asin“ParrotBebop+OculusRift”)inconjunctionwithmobilitytechnology...
http://traffictechnologytoday.com/news.php?NewsID=68125
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VIDEO:ApproachingtheMini... Seeingthroughtheside-doors...Decidingwheretogonext...Seeingrealwheelwhenparking...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QARt89_6Jrs#t=19
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http://blogs.jabil.com/2014/08/13/internet-of-things-infographic/
Theinnovativeembeddingofever-tiner micro-hardwareappswillquicklyspread...
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http://blogs.jabil.com/2014/08/13/internet-of-things-infographic/
Andbegintofunctionallyenhancejustabouteverything...
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Alongtheway,themicrosystemsupply-chains intotheelectronics,automotive,medical,clothing,home-applianceandbuildingindustrieswillcross-coupleandcommingle
Source
andenhancementsgainedineachwillquicklycross-fertilizeothers...
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Therewillbemanydisruptivechangesincurrentbusinessmodelssuchas...
Reshorings willreduceclusteredturnaroundtimes...
Order-to-Deliverytimes paceratesofexploration...
Logisticssystemswilltakecenterstage...
SourceSource
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From:TheAgeofOpportunity:HarnessingComplexityToSolveBigWorldProblemsbyFrankSpencer,kedgefutures.com
Buthowwillwecopewiththe‘complexity’oftheemergingtechno-socialecosystem?
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Byexploitingthingslikecollaborativelearning,crowdsourcing,crowdfunding,IPbrokering,agilemethods,rapid-digital-prototyping,andmore ...
Everyone,fromengaged-users tomakers,willbeabletoscaleuptheirparticipationandimpact.
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NASA
Onlynow,insteadofjustexploringhowtomakeeverbiggerthingsthatgoeverfurtherandeverfaster,suchaswhenreachingfor“outerspace”...
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We’veinvertedourperspective180⁰,reachingdownintothe“deepinnerspaces”ofthemicro/nano/pico world...
Andareexploringhowtomakeandexploitvast-quantitiesofever-tinier,ever-more-empowering“micro/nano things”...
GoogleImages
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Forexample,usingScanningElectronMicroscopy(SEM)tostudythedetailsofthetinymicro-machineryprintedonMEMS chips...
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AtomicForceMicroscopy(AFM)
ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy(STM)
Andzooming-inevenfurthertomeasureandmapsthingsdownatthemolecularandatomiclevels...
Soastoguideadventurersonexplorationsatplacesandinfieldssuchas...
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MITNano
HarvardWyssInstitute
DARPAMicrosystems
SyntheticBiology
BiologicallyInspiredEngineeringModel-BasedDesign
STEM+ARTS=STEAM
DraperLab CollaborationTechnology
AugmentedRealitySocialMedia
GeneticAlgorithmsSelfAssemblingSystems
GoogleATAP
MicrosoftResearch
ResearchUniversities
MachineVisionMachineHearing
AugmentedKinesthetics
SocialPhysics
SocialDynamics
SocialMachines
SocialLearning
Multiengineering
Meta^2Mathematics
MetaArchitecture UPS
AmazonExplorationInfrastructure
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Thusitbegins,allaroundtheworld...
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Link
Andit’sonitsway...!
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Beforelong,adventurersaroundtheworldwillbe“surfing”somewhereonthiswave...!
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Ah,buttheescalatingratesoftechno-social-changewillchallenge existingculturalpatterns,becauseofmassivesocialaccumulationsofpasthabits:
What’sthenewgamethistime?
Whogetstoplay?
Whatrulesdoweplayby?
Wherecanweturnforguidance?
Andhowdowedropoldhabits?...URL
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Forinsightintowhat'sabouttohappen,reflectonthisnews:'AppleWatchdesignersoneasingthesmartphonetyrannytheycreated'
http://www.wired.com/2015/04/the-apple-watch/
Itwillhelpyouto"Remember,thisboldstepintothefutureisNOTabout"thethings",
it'saboutthecreative"IDEASandVISIONembodiedinthethings“.– LynnConway
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Butyousay,“howcanweeverkeepup?”Hasn’tthetrainalreadyleftthestation,formanyofus?
Somewordstoremember:"Inaworldofchange,thelearnersshallinherittheearth,whilethelearnedshallfindthemselvesperfectlysuitedforaworldthatnolongerexists" – EricHoffer
Andit’sever-easiertoengageinfun-filled,lifelonglearning...
Besides,
“Astherateoftechno-socialchangeincreases,we’llalllivefarfurtherintotheunfoldingfuturethanweeverdareddream“– LynnConway
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TheMPCAdventures (p.16)XeroxPARC1981.URL
Whenvisualizingtheseswirlingmassesofideasinmotionreflectbackontherapid-evolutionary-process-diagram fromtheVLSIrevolution...Onlynow,vastlymoresuchprocessesruninparallelandcross-fertilize...Whileanewscienceexplores,mapsanddescribeswhat’shappening...
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1976
19781979
’79:LaunchingtheVLSIcoursesviaMPC79!!
1977
’76:HowtocopewithVLSIcomplexity?
’77:InventingscalableVLSIdesignrules.
’78:LaunchingtheVLSImethodsatMIT!
VisualizingtheexponentiatingwaveofVLSIinnovation...
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Somequestionstoponderaswebeginsurfingsuchwaves:Howdowegear-upandlearnthebasicmoves?
Whodoweteam-upwithandwheredowegoexploring?
Whereisthisthingheadedandwhat’sourmission?
unfoldingexponentiation
nearingsaturation
Ofcoursesuch2Dviewsmisslotsofwhat’shappening...Let’splaywithvisualizingwavesin4Dtogainabetterperspective...
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IsthisaTravelingWave?A StandingWave?OrWhat?
Thisstunningvideo*hintsatwaystothinkaboutit...
Letsplayfullyvisualizetheincomingwaveofinnovationasatimeseriesof“GHCprofiles”(2Dslicesthruthe3Dwaveatincrementsintime)...
*"Water,"byMorganMaasenhttp://vimeo.com/90429499
GartnerHypeCycle2014http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2819918
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Finally,someconjecturesaboutpossiblefutures:
Bycooperativelylearningandsharingideasonhowtodomore-and-morewithless-and-less,theincomingwaveofinnovationshasthestunningpotentialof:
(1) Sustainablyprovidingever-increasing infrastructuralfunctionalityandlifeempowermentperperson,
(2) Whileconsumingever-decreasing energyandmaterialresourcesperperson
(3) Thusbeginningthereigning-in ofourunsustainableover-useofplanetearth
(4) Whilesimultaneously opening anunprecedentedcollaborative/competitiveexplorationofthegreatestoffrontiers,thefrontierof“Whatit’spossibletodo”!
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...andapersonalperspectiveon“OurTravelsThroughTime”...
“Ifyouwanttochangethefuture,startlivingasifyou’realreadythere!”– LynnConway
Source
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END
LinktoEpilogue,References,Notes& Afterwords