Unilateralism in Unilateralism in Foreign Policy and Foreign Policy and

Terrorism Terrorism

Domestic Terrorism: Domestic Terrorism: Oklahoma City BombingOklahoma City Bombing

On 19 April 1995, the 2nd On 19 April 1995, the 2nd anniversary of the Waco raid, anniversary of the Waco raid, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols bombed the Murrah Nichols bombed the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma Federal Building in Oklahoma City. City.

McVeigh and Nichols were McVeigh and Nichols were members of rightist fringe members of rightist fringe and white supremacy and white supremacy movements.movements.

168 were killed. 168 were killed. The bomb targeted ATF The bomb targeted ATF

offices inside the building, offices inside the building, but exploded near the but exploded near the facility’s day care, killing 19 facility’s day care, killing 19 children.children.

From President Clinton’s From President Clinton’s “American Security in a “American Security in a

Changing World” (1996) Changing World” (1996) “… America must act and lead. Nowhere is that responsibility more clear or more urgent than in the struggle against terrorism.”

“We cannot reduce the threats to our people without reducing threats to the world beyond our borders.”

“We have pursued a concerted national and international strategy against terrorism on three fronts: First, … by working more closely than ever with our friends and allies; Second… by giving law enforcement the most powerful counterterrorism tools available…, Third, … by increasing aviation security.”

“America will remain a target because we are uniquely present in the world, because we act to advance peace and democracy, because we have taken a tougher stand against terrorism, and because we are the most open society on earth.”

International Terrorism: International Terrorism: September 11, 2001 Attacks September 11, 2001 Attacks

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack was the most The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack was the most devastating in US history. devastating in US history.

3,000 people were killed in coordinated attacks. 3,000 people were killed in coordinated attacks. Hijacked passenger planes were crashed into World Trade Center Hijacked passenger planes were crashed into World Trade Center

towers and the Pentagon.towers and the Pentagon. Another plane, presumably headed for the White House, crashed Another plane, presumably headed for the White House, crashed

into field in Pennsylvania after passengers intervened.into field in Pennsylvania after passengers intervened.

From Congressional From Congressional Testimony of Executive Testimony of Executive

Assistant Director of the Assistant Director of the FBI (2002)FBI (2002)

“Domestic terrorism is the unlawful use, or threatened use, of violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States…to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population… in furtherance of political or social objectives….”

“International terrorism involves violent acts or acts dangerous to human life …intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population, influence the policy of a government, or affect the conduct of a government. These acts transcend national boundaries…”

Post-Sept. 11 Domestic Post-Sept. 11 Domestic Changes Changes

Lack of cooperation among Lack of cooperation among government agencies was a government agencies was a contributor to the contributor to the vulnerability of the US to vulnerability of the US to attacks. attacks.

Changes were made to Changes were made to combat this problem. combat this problem. PATRIOT ActPATRIOT Act Department of Homeland Department of Homeland

Security. Security.

Approaches to International Approaches to International Terrorism in the Post-Terrorism in the Post-

Sept.11 World Sept.11 World

Reeling from 9/11, the US began a systematic campaign to Reeling from 9/11, the US began a systematic campaign to combat international terrorism. combat international terrorism.

A new type of approach has the US often taking the lead in the A new type of approach has the US often taking the lead in the new war on terrorism. new war on terrorism.

Post- 9/11 American policy finds the US acting regardless of UN Post- 9/11 American policy finds the US acting regardless of UN blessings. blessings.

CitationsSlide 2: http://www.swri.edu/4org/d18/engdyn/exhaz/images/d005117a.jpgSlide 3: http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/briefing/dispatch/1996/html/Dispatch7no32.htmlSlide 4: http://www.time/com/time/photoessays/papersSlide 5: http://www.fbi.giv/congress/congress02/watson020602.htmSlide 6: http://www.homelandsecurity.state.pa.us/homelandsecurity/lib/homelandsecurity/300-HSAS-Chart.jpgSlide 7: http://www.state.gov/cms_images/030205_UNSC_2.jpgSlide 8: http://www.design.caltech.edu/erik/Misc/firemen_flag.jpg