Unexpected planets beyond Pluto their discovery, physical properties, and implications for solar...
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Unexpected planets beyond Pluto their discovery, physical properties, and implications for solar system history David Rabinowitz Yale University, Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics Yale: Charles Baltay, Nancy Ellman, Will Emmet, Tom Hurteau, Rochelle Lauer, Suzanne Tourtellote Indiana University: Jim Musser, Brice Adams, Mark Gebhard Caltech: Michael E. Brown, Kristina Barkume, Henry Roe, A.H. Bouchez, R. Sari, M. van Dam, R. Campbell, J. Chin, S. Hartman, E. Johansson, R. Lafon,
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Transcript of Unexpected planets beyond Pluto their discovery, physical properties, and implications for solar...
Unexpected planets beyond Pluto
their discovery, physical properties, and implications for solar system history
David Rabinowitz Yale University, Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Yale: Charles Baltay, Nancy Ellman, Will Emmet, Tom Hurteau, Rochelle Lauer, Suzanne Tourtellote
Indiana University: Jim Musser, Brice Adams, Mark Gebhard
Caltech: Michael E. Brown, Kristina Barkume, Henry Roe, A.H. Bouchez, R. Sari, M. van Dam, R. Campbell, J. Chin, S. Hartman, E. Johansson, R. Lafon, D. LeMignant, P. Stomski, D. Summers, P. Wizinowich
Gemini Observatory : Chad Trujillo
Sedna
Quaoar
Orcus
Pluto (2200 km)
2003 EL61 “Santa”
2005 FY9 “Easter Bunny”
2003 UB313 “Xena”
-120
-80
-40
0
40
80
120
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120
x (AU)
y (AU)
Sedna
Xena
Santa
Bunny
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
-120
-80
-40
0
40
80
120
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120
x (AU)
z (AU)
Sedna Xena
Santa
Bunnyecliptic plane
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
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NeptuneLe Verrier, Galle
1846, 9”
UranusHerschel, 1781, 6”
PlutoTombaugh,
1930, 13”
“Xena”2005, 48”
Kuiper BeltJewitt, Luu 1992, 86”
Sedna2004, 48”
Beta Pictoris
M. Liu, Science 303, 2004
AU MicH-band imaging with Keck Adaptive Optics (0.04” seeing)
(0.1 earth mass)
Where did the mass go ?
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Clyde Tombaugh - 1938
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The reflectance spectrum of 2003 UB313
Type of Surface
Albedo Diameter Pluto Diameters
Fresh snow 90% 2330 km 1.0
Pluto 60% 2860 km 1.3
Charon
(Pluto’s moon)
38% 3550 km 1.5
Most Kuiper Belt Objects
15% 5700 km 2.4
Possible Sizes for “Xena”
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Keck discovery of Xena’s moon, “Gabrielle”
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Easter Bunny
Charon
Rudolph
Santa
Xena
Gabrielle
Keck Laser Guide Star Observations
Xena-Gabrielle to Earth-moon
Earth
Moon
Xena Gabrielle
Xena Gabrielle
Santa (2003 EL61) a squashed planet
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Satellite Discovered around 2003 EL61 (“Santa”)
“Santa”
“Rudolph”
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Radius: 49,000 kmPeriod: 49 days
Rudolph’s orbit
v2/r = MG/r2
M = 4.21x1021 kg
