UNESCO Teacher Training Initiative for Sub-Saharan Africa (TTISSA) Ramya Vivekanandan Universities...
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Transcript of UNESCO Teacher Training Initiative for Sub-Saharan Africa (TTISSA) Ramya Vivekanandan Universities...
UNESCO Teacher Training Initiative for UNESCO Teacher Training Initiative for Sub-Saharan Africa (TTISSA)Sub-Saharan Africa (TTISSA)
Ramya VivekanandanUniversities Council for the Education
of Teachers (UCET) Seminar, 1 October 2008
UNESCO Teacher Training Initiative for UNESCO Teacher Training Initiative for Sub-Saharan Africa (TTISSA)Sub-Saharan Africa (TTISSA)
Ramya VivekanandanUniversities Council for the Education
of Teachers (UCET) Seminar, 1 October 2008
UNESCO – Its Mandate in Education
A laboratory of ideas anticipates and responds to emerging trends and needs in education
and develops education policy recommendations based on research evidence
A clearing house promotes development and implementation of successful education
practice, and documents and disseminates successful practices A standard-setter
develops standards, norms and guidelines for key education areas and actions
A capacity-builder in Member States provides a platform for intellectual thought leadership for education
innovation and reform A catalyst for international cooperation
initiates and promotes dialogue and exchange of information among education leaders and stakeholders, e.g. Global Action Plan for EFA
Teachers as catalysts for change
“Teachers are essential players in promoting
quality education, whether in schools or in
more flexible community-based programmes;
they are advocates for, and catalysts of,
change. No education reform is likely to
succeed without the active participation and
ownership of teachers.”
- Dakar Framework for Action, 2000 -
Section for Teacher Education
Promotes the ILO/UNESCO Recommendations concerning the Status of Teachers and other international norms/standards regarding teachers
Raises public awareness of the fundamental contribution teachers make to development and civil society, including through the annual international observance of World Teachers’ Day (5 October)
Assists Member States to establish and/or strengthen national policies regarding the education, recruitment, retention, status and working conditions of teachers
Facilitates the exchange of knowledge, good practices and lessons learned regarding teacher issues
Promotes awareness among decision-making groups to provide for the status of teachers as a fundamental policy issue nationally and internationally (G-8; donor organizations, national ministries).
The Recommendations concerning the Status of Teaching Personnel
1966 ILO/UNESCO Recommendation concerning
the Status of Teaching Personnel
1997 UNESCO Recommendation concerning the
Status of Higher-Education Teaching Personnel
The scope of the Recommendations
Initial and continuing training Recruitment Advancement and promotion Security of tenure Disciplinary procedures Part time service Professional freedom Supervision and assessment Responsibilities and rights Participation in educational decision making Negotiation Conditions for effective teaching and learning Social security
Monitoring of the Recommendations
The Committee of Experts on the Application of the Recommendations concerning Teachers (CEART)
• Triennial Meetings• Report• Working Group on
Allegations• Follow up of CEART Recommendations
The challenge: The acute shortage of qualified teachers has been identified as one of the biggest challenges to the realisation of the EFA goals by 2015.
Up to 4 million additional teachers needed for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) if UPE is to be achieved.
The challenge…
Concerns about the attractiveness of teaching as a career make recruitment a major issue, with the relative social value of the profession in long-term decli
Benchmark indicators (e.g. 3.5% advocated by FTI) for teachers salaries, do not reflect PPP and context of country and impact on attractiveness of teaching as a career
Even in countries with an adequate supply of teachers, there are often shortages in remote areas and in certain subject areas (e.g. science, maths)
Globalization has led to an unprecedented level of migration of teachers (at all levels) to other professions and countries (a “brain drain” effect)
Some countries experience high rates of teacher attrition, especially among new teachers (teachers use qualification to gain other employment).
High human resource costs related to sick teachers and HIV-related absences Inability of current teacher education models to cope with the demand for
increased numbers Disjuncture between teacher training and the realities of school and insufficient
evaluation of teacher training and its impact on classroom practice. Teacher educators inadequately trained and supported Certain cadres (higher education teachers, technical and vocational teachers)
may have no pedagogical training Absence of coherent policies and coordination of in-service training The recruitment of unqualified or under-qualified teachers, initially adopted as a
temporary/emergency measure, is now a more persistent and widespread practice
And the complexities of the challenge…
TTISSA
TTISSA: Teacher Training Initiative for Sub-Saharan Africa
One of UNESCO’s 3 high-level initiatives in education (others are EDUCAIDS and LIFE)
2006-2015
17 “first phase” countries: Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Zambia…but will eventually be “rolled out” to all 46 SSA countries
Implemented by UNESCO HQ (Section for Teacher Education) in close cooperation with UNESCO’s Regional Bureau for Education in Africa (Dakar) and the UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (Addis Ababa) along with UNESCO Field Offices
TTISSA Log Frame
GOAL
To improve access, quality and equity of education towards the achievement of EFA
PURPOSETo increase the quantity and improve the quality of the teacher workforce in SSA
OUTPUTS1. Status and working conditions of teachers improved
2. Coherent teacher management and administrative structures established
3. Appropriate teacher policies developed
4. Quality and coherence of teacher professional development enhanced
Types of Activities
Regional/national frameworksPolicy briefs/guidelinesResearch/Evaluations/StudiesTool kitsSouth-South sharingCapacity developmentMaterial review/developmentAdvocacy
Priority Activities
Raising the debate – internal and external advocacy, promotion of the Recommendations
Researching the issues – PASEC, SACMEQ, GMR Improving teacher data - UIS Teacher Education Policies – gathering data, Policy Forums, Policy
Briefs, IIEP distance education course ICTs – Competency Standards, Open Resources in Ghana, Kenya
and DRC, DETA conference Quality Assurance – Global Forum & and International Conference Provision and facilitation of specific technical support as required Sourcing of extra-budgetary resources
Focus on TTISSA Support to Teacher Policy
• Gathering of teacher policies from various SSA countries (e.g Angola, Cape Verde, Congo, DRC, Guinea, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zambia) and review/ analysis of those policies
• Teacher Education Policy Forum for Sub-Saharan Africa held at UNESCO HQ on 6-9 November 2007 with Directors of Teacher Education from first-phase TTISSA countries
• Policy briefs being developed on various areas (e.g costing, data, emerging issues, quality assurance)
• Second Policy Forum to be held, hosted by Ministry of Education of first-phase TTISSA county
• Provision of technical assistance to countries on policy development (e.g. Angola, Niger, DRC)
TTISSA in Angola
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2004
• Large, resource-rich country marked by a brutal 27-year civil war, which ended in 2002. Economy now one of the fastest growing in the world.
• Large-scale reconstruction of the education system, including school construction and recruitment of teachers. As a result, the number of children enrolling in primary school doubled between 2002 and 2003
• Government recruited 29,150 teachers for the 2003 school year, of which 70% had no academic or pedagogical teaching qualification. Many different categories of teachers in the system, most with no or little training.
• MoE identified need for a National Qualifications Framework for Teachers for an accurate picture of the various types of teachers in the system and develop a plan for upgrading those who never received training. This is a priority in other SADC countries as well.
• Huge challenge in terms of information. Very little data available on the education system and on teachers in particular
Population Gross enrollment rate
(primary)
Pupil-teacher
ratio
(primary)
Percentage of trained teachers
(primary)
Percentage of female
teachers
(primary)
15.5 million 74.5 (2002) 31.9 n/a 41.9
TTISSA’s Support to Angola
Through the EFA Capacity Building Programme…. Development of a National Qualifications Framework for
Teachers (NQFT) Production of ODL modules for teacher education
curriculum in Portuguese, math and computer literacy Mainstreaming of cross-cutting themes (e.g HIV and
AIDS, peace and human rights, culture, world heritage) into the teacher education curriculum
Strengthening of two Community Learning Resource Centres (CLRCs) and establishment of a third one
Thank you!!!
For more information…
TTISSA Website:http://www.unesco.org/education/TTISSA
(English)
http://www.unesco.org/education/fr/TTISSA (French)
E-mail address:
[email protected]@unesco.org