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STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL BIOSPHERE RESERVES

Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reservein Ho Chi Minh City

& Proposed Biosphere Reserve of Coastal Wetlands

in Red River Delta

UNESCO-MAB-ASPACOVietnam Case Study

Nguyen Hoang Tri, Center for Environmental Research and Education (CERE)

Vietnam MAB National Committee

• Dr. Nguyen Hoang Tri, Human Ecology

• Dr. Pham Van Cu, Applied GIS/RE

• Dr. Han Giang, Gender Issues

• Dr. Tran Tuan Anh, Political analysis

• Ms. An Chau, Secretary

Research team

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• Biosphere reserves in Vietnam

• Stakeholder analysis and socio-economic indicators for integrated management

• Conclusion & Recommendation

Content

Biosphere reserves in Vietnam

C¸t Tiªn

Can GioMangroves

Red River Delta/RamsarSite

Ben En

Kien Giang

Ca Mau Mangroves

Cat BaArchipelagos

2000: Can Gio Biosphere Reserve

2001: Cat Tien Biosphere Reserve

2003: Proposed 2 Biosphere Reserves: Cat Ba Archipelagos, Coastal Wetlands in Red River Delta

2004-2005: Proposing 3 more biosphere reserves: Ca Mau Mangroves; Ben En tropical rain forests and freshwater lakes; KienGiang BRs.

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Biosphere reserves in Vietnam

C¸t Tiªn

Can Gio Mangroves

Red River Delta/Ramsar Site

Ben En

Kien Giang

Ca Mau Mangroves

Cat Ba Archipelagos

Can Gio Mangroves BR

•Coordination at all levels

•Over-tourism

•Stakeholder responsibility

4

Cat Tien BRTropical Humid Forests & Swamps

•Community participation

•Building capacity for leaders and public

•Alternative generation of incomes

Proposed Cat Ba BRArchipelagos, mangroves, seagrasses, tropical forests

•Comprehensive understanding the BR purposes

•Tourism & conservation

•Long-terms planning

5

Proposed Red River Delta BR/Ramsar Site

•Zoning and agreed responsibility

•Stakeholder involvement

•Economic valuation

Proposed Ben En BRTropical Humid Forests, Freshwater Lakes

•Building capacity at all levels•Coordination in practice•Education and public awareness

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Proposed Kien Giang BRArchipelagos, mangroves, seagrasses, sea turtle and Dugong

•Public awareness

•Stakeholder involvement

•Over-exploitation

Potential Proposed Trans-boundary Biosphere Reserve

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Proposed Ca Mau BRMangroves

GDP Growth & Conservation (Government)

Zonation: Design Acceptance & Implementation (Local)

Improvement of knowledge & awareness of leadership & local people (Both)

MAB Vietnam: Opportunities & Challenges

C¸t Tiªn

Can GioMangroves

ReD River Delta/RamsarSite Ben En

Kien Giang

Ca Mau Mangroves

Cat BaArchipelagos

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Major issues in management of Biosphere Reserves

Poor households and conservation effortsCommunity participation in decision making processLong-term planning, property right and inequityAwareness, education and enforcement

Methodology & Approach

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Root causes analysis:Pressures-Changes-Responses

Pressures

Environmental and social changes

Responses

Response

Role of Stakeholder Analysis

The decision making process is the most appropriate when considering the engagement of different types of stakeholder groups in which who to include and who to exclude from the deliberation

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Social-Ecological Monitoring

As a tool for showing the present state and further scenarios in use of natural resources related socio-economic conditions as well as stakeholders with their benefits, voluntary levels of involvement and practices

LogFrame/Problem tree Analysis

Stakeholders-based discussion on field problemsProblem analysis: major problems grouped into a problem tree with cause and effect, followed by an objectives analysis with a restatement of the problems into realistically achievable goals.Synthesis structure for identification, planning and management of natural resourcesFinal outputs: a planning matrix-logical structure of main elements and highlights logical linkages between intended inputs, planned activities and expected results.

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RRD Workshops/Discussion

‘Initiation of Social-ecological

Monitoring in the Nominated Biosphere Reserve of

Coastal Wetlands in Red River Delta.

Can Gio Workshop/Discussion

‘Improvement of Legal and

Institutional Framework for

Integrated Management of

Can GioMangrove Biosphere Reserve’

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Stakeholder groups described by socio-economic classification

income leveloccupational groupemployment statusdegree of formal involvement

(group cohesion, formal or informal structures)

Stakeholders characterized into priority groups

level of influence (control or access to power and resources)

&important to the decision makers (power, legitimacy, urgency)

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Three sets of stakeholders considered in making the classification

•Definitive stakeholders•Expectant stakeholders•Latent stakeholders

The preference of the stakeholder groups stakeholder conflicts and trade-off analysis

•Participating dialogues of stakeholders to deliberate and discuss resource management issues in order to develop or refine their preferences.

•weighting up the advantages and disadvantages of any management options and assess how the net benefits can be maximized.

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Scio-economic indicators

Principle: Quantifiable, Simple andFeasible Consideration

Stakeholder-based selection, prioritization and implementation

Integration by testing models as a support system for decision makers

Initial Results

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Table 1: Stakeholders and their interests in Proposal Red River Delta BR

-Stable regulations-Extraction of products from BR-Access to product-landing site-Enjoying their visits to BR

-Allocated land-owners-Legal extraction-Illegal extraction-Tourist guiders

On-site communities

-Resident adjunction BR-Waste run-off into the water-Selling products-Trading land-Number of visiters

-Hoteliers-Restaurateurs-Informal venders-Local land-owners not resident on their land-Tourism agencies

Off-site communities

-Implementation-PC of communeCommunal level

-Proponent and implementation-Conflic management

-PC of districtDistrict level

-Planning and decision making-Land-use and lands related

PC of province, DOSTE, DARDProvincial level

-Granting planning-Funding projects-Developing management strategy

PM office, MPI, MOSTE, MARD, MoFand others

-Adoption of regulations and planningNational assemblyNational

-Funding infrastructure development-Loan to compliance with international treaties-Development and conservation projects

UNESCOWorld bankInt’ agenciesNGOs

Global and international society

Interests in BRStakeholder groupsContinuum level

Table 2: Stakeholder analysis for resource management in Can Gio Biosphere Reserve in Southern Vietnam`

Pond promotionCredit regulations***Nat. banks and credits

Direct collectionLocal relation & confidence

***Private trades

Pond promotionExtension and investment***Trading companies

Pond promotionExtension and investment***Feeding Companies

and extensionCollection network***

market guidesMarket guides***

ProductProduct quality***MoF/PFs

Hatchery control***

Product quality***

Technical guidesDisease control***MoF/DoF

Direct control & MonitorProtection and Extension ***MARD/DARD

Direct controlAdministrative management

***

Contracts**Administration

Direct managementRed Books*District/Commune

Implementation GuidanceOrdinances and Decisions

******PM Bureau/Provincial Administration

Approved Law of Land-use******National Assembly

FunctionsLaunching RegulationsClam beds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.

Ponds managed by owned-HHs

Ponds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.

Forests New-planted by Districts/communes

State owned Forests

Forests in Protected Areas

Important and influenceShrimp Ponds and Clam BedsMangrove ForestsInstitutional arrangement

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Hatchery control

***

Product quality***

Technical guides

Disease control

***MoF/DoF

Direct control & Monitor

Protection and Extension

***MARD/DARD

Direct controlAdministrative management

***

Contracts**Administration

Direct management

Red Books*District/Commune

Implementation Guidance

Ordinances and Decisions

******PM Bureau/Provincial Administration

Approved Law of Land-use

******National Assembly

FunctionsLaunching Regulations

Clam beds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.

Ponds managed by owned-HHs

Ponds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.

Forests New-planted by Districts/communes

State owned Forests

Forests in Protected Areas

Important and influenceShrimp Ponds and Clam BedsMangrove ForestsInstitutional arrangement

Pond promotion

Credit regulations

***Nat. banks and credits

Direct collection

Local relation & confidence

***Private trades

Pond promotion

Extension and investment

***Trading companies

Pond promotion

Extension and investment

***Feeding Companies

and extension

Collection network

***

market guides

Market guides***

ProductProduct quality***MoF/PFs

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Table 3a: BR management stakeholders in decision making process

ImportantInfluenceUrgencyLegitimacyPowerStakeholders

Relative important and influence to DMP

Degree of stakeholders’ possession

LowHighAlways high

-Farmers

MediumHighIncreasing-Scientists

highVery highIncreasing-Aquaculture processors

Very highVery highAlways high

-District planners

Extreme highExtreme highStill high-National and Provincial leaders

Definitive

Table 3b: BR management stakeholders in decision making process

ImportantInfluenceUrgencyLegitimacyPowerStakeholders

Relative important and influence to DMP

Degree of stakeholders’ possession

Expectant

MediumMediumIncreasing-Local communities

MediumHighIncreasing-Environment groups

MediumHighIncreasingMedium-Local associations

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Table 3c: BR management stakeholders in decision making process

ImportantInfluenceUrgencyLegitimacyPowerStakeholders

Relative important and influence to DMP

Degree of stakeholders’ possession

Latent

HighHighIncreasing-Tourism

LowMediumIncreasing-Equipment supply

HighLowIncreasing-Consumers

HighHighAlways high

-Bank

LowLowIncreasing-Future generation

Very highVery highAlways high

-Media

HighMediumIncreasing-citizen

Indicators for social monitoring in BRs

Basic demographics and well-being of peopleEcosystem useSocio-economic dynamismManagement, participation and governanceValues and attitudesInformation, education and researchFuture

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xx8. Clean water supplyxxx7. Industry and servicesxxx6. Tourism

x5. Aquaculturex4. Fishing

xx3. Forestryxx2. Income sourcesxx1. Household income ResponseChangesPressuresMajor Indicators

16 Major indicators prioritized from 72 indicators selected

Cont.

xx16. Telephone, mobi & internet

xx15. New roads & bridges

xx14. Divorce rate

xx13. Hospital and services

xx12. Junior secondary level

xx11. Un-employment rate

xx10. Migration/Immigration

x9. Growth rate of population

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Socio-economic indicators and Pressures-Changes-Responses (P-C-R) framework analysis

Model Tested

Cultural values and conservation

Protected Excoecariaagalocha in Hue by local mystical legend

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Conclusion & Recommendation

• Integrated management in biosphere reserves is less effective when key stakeholders are excluded from decision making and management.

• Social monitoring as an effective tool for both decision making process and decision-makers to integrate measures in use and management of biosphere reserves in present as well as in the future.

Thank youThank youThank you

Can Gio: A new bridge linking economic development & conservation

Can Can GioGio: A new bridge linking economic : A new bridge linking economic development & conservationdevelopment & conservation

http://mabvn.vn

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Biosphere reserves and sustainable development in the transition economy

GDP Growth rate 1980-2003 and projection for 2005-2010 (%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2010

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Ca Mau 1980

Ca Mau 1990

Ca Mau 1995

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Mangrove Loss and plan expected (‘000 ha)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Investment for conservation efforts (‘000 USD)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Total investment

International donors

Domestic investment

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Evolution of Protected Area System (‘000 ha)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Total Areas of Forests and Reforestation (‘000 ha)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1943 1975 1980 1983 1985 1990 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999

Total areas

Planted areas

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The Xuan Thuy Ramsar Site & Wetland National Park

Egg & Chicken and Development Idea

Embryo Albumin

Environment/Temperature

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–– BR ExpectationsBR Expectations1.1. ConservationConservation2.2. Development modelsDevelopment models3.3. Education & TrainingEducation & Training

SeaBRnet

Ecotone

MAB/

Ecosystem Approach

ASPACO

Others (International & Domestic Investments)