UNEQUAL ACCESS BASED ON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS Joi Moses

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

• An individual's or group's position within a hierarchical social structure

• depends on a combination of variables, including occupation, education, income, wealth, and place of residence.

• Usually described in two ways , low SES and high SES

• Also described as urban and suburban

HISTORY

• Researchers have only recently begun to address the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), sport involvement, and physical activity during childhood and youth

• In 1992 The Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development…found that boys and girls from lower social status communities were seriously underserved in all forms of childhood youth services, including sport opportunities

THE PRESENT

• The Center for the Study of Sport in Society at Northeastern University estimates that 15 percent of urban children and youths participate in youth sport programs , as compared with 85 to 90 percent of their suburban counterparts.

• There is a strikingly high prevalence of adolescent obesity among underprivileged groups, including racial/ethnic minorities and those living in households affected by poverty and low levels of education

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

• Besides the obvious reasons of better health and creating healthy lifestyles at a young age.

• Participation in … extracurricular activities is associated with increased educational achievement and attainment, reduced problem behavior, improved attitudes toward educational and occupational goals, positively influenced psychosocial adjustment, and decreased likelihood of dropping out

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE P.A. IN LOW-SES CHILDREN

Intrapersonal

• Time Barriers : family obligations homework

• Fun: Self- efficacy , actual level of enjoyment

Social

• Friends

• Adult Involvement

Environment

• Proximity

• Cost

• Safety

• facilities

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE P.A. IN HIGH-SES CHILDREN

Intrapersonal• Time barriers: work , homework, other scheduled activities• Fun : self- efficacySocial : Friends , Parental Involvement Environmental : Type of Activity : seasonal programing , diverse choices

VIDEO

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QG1MKeO8FWA

MY OPINION

• In my opinion this is a huge problem. Children should have the same access to physical activity and opportunities to exercise . Every child deserves a healthy lifestyle regardless of if they are rich or poor. There is a strong correlation between physical activity and education success. There are already so many factors hindering low-SES children from reaching educational goals .

REFERENCES

• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/socioeconomic+status•Humbert, M. L., Chad, K. E., Spink, K. S., Muhajarine, N., Anderson, K. D., Bruner, M. W.,

•Girolami,T.M., Odnokon, P. & Gryba, C. R. (2006). Factors that influence physical activity participation among high-and low-SES youth. Qualitative health research, 16(4), 467-483. http://qhr.sagepub.com/content/16/4/467.full.pdf+html

•Mars , H.V.D. & Siedentop D. Unequal Access Based on Socioeconomic Status. Introduction to Physical Education , Fitness and Sport, 8th Edition ,275. Book.

•Lee, H., Harris, K. M., & Lee, J. (2013). Multiple levels of social disadvantage and links to

obesity in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal Of School Health, 83(3), 139-149. doi:10.1111/josh.12009

• Peguero, A. (2011). Immigrant youth involvement in school-based extracurricular activities. Journal Of Educational Research, 104(1), 19-27. http://content.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.gsu.edu/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=55474185&S=R&D=eft&EbscoContent=dGJyMNHr7ESep7c4zdnyOLCmr0yep7NSsq%2B4S7OWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMOXp80m549%2BB7LHjfPEA

• White, P., & McTeer, W. (2012). Socioeconomic status and sport participation at different developmental stages during childhood and youth: Multivariate analyses using Canadian National Survey data. Sociology Of Sport Journal, 29(2), 186-209. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.gsu.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=835d588f-68de-427c-abf7-7723a2801b34%40sessionmgr113&vid=3&hid=123