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SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

UNDERWATER WIRELESS

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

GUIDED BY:

Prof. G.M.DahaneSUBMITTED BY :

S.M.Shinde

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OUTLINE

• Introduction• History• Underwater Wireless Communication Tech.• Attacks and counter measures• Necessity of Underwater Wireless

Communication• Conclusion• References

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INTRODUCTION

• Underwater wireless communication is the wireless communication in which acoustic signals (waves) carry digital information through an underwater channel.

• The signal that are used to carry digital information through an underwater channel are acoustic channel.

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The science of underwater acoustics began in 1490, when Leonardo Da Vinci, stated.

In 1687 Isaac Newton wrote his Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy which included the first mathematical treatment of sound in water.

HISTORY

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Underwater Wireless Communication Technology

• Radio waves do not propagate well underwater due to the high energy absorption of water.

• Therefore, underwater communication are based on acoustic links characterized by large propagation delays.

• Acoustic channels have low bandwidth.

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Underwater Wireless Communication Technology

• The signal that are used to carry digital information through an underwater channel are acoustic channel.

• The propagation speed of acoustic signals in water is typically 1500 m/s.

• It cannot rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS).

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WAVE PROPAGATION

•This is an multipath propagation in water.

•In shallow water, multipath occurs due to signal reflection from the surface and bottom.

•In deep water, it occurs due to ray bending.

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satellite

onshore sinks

AutonomousUnderwaterVehicle

Surface sink

Surface Station

Acoustically connected SensorsSensors

Senso

rs

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ATTACKS AND COUNTER MEASURES…….

Jamming

Wormhole attacks

Sybil attack

SelectiveForwarding

Acknowledgment

Spoofing

ATTACKSHello Flood

attack

SinkholeAttacks

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Jamming

Method of Attack

Countermeasures

•The transmission of data packets continuously so that the wireless channel get completely blocked.

•Spread spectrum techniques.

•Sensors can switch to sleep mode

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Wormhole Attack

Method of attack

•False neighborhood relationship are created..

Countermeasures•Estimating the direction of arrival…

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SECURITY REQUIREMENTAuthentication

•Proof that data was sent by a legitimate user

Integrity

•Information is not altered.

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SECURITY REQUIREMENT

Confidentiality

•Information is not accessible to unauthorized parties.

Availability

•Data should be available when needed by an authorized user.

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HARDWARE PLATFORM INTERFACES

Sensor Interface:

Wide (constantly changing) variety of sensors, sampling strategies.

Hardware: Software Defined Acoustic Modem (SDAM)

Communication Interface: Amplifiers, Transducer Signal modulation

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ARCHITECTURE OF ACOUSTIC MODEM

• It improves the signal to noise ratio.• which reduces bit error rate to less than 10.

Parts of an acoustic modem:• DSP Board • AFE(Analog Front End) Board

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DATA TRANSMISSION IN MODEM

• When no data is being transmitted, the modem stays in sleep mode.

• The modem receives data from its link in sleep mode and

then switches to transmit mode and transmit the data.

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NECESSITY OF UNDERWATER WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Wired underwater is not feasible in all situations as shown below-:

• Temporary experiments• Breaking of wires• Significant cost of deployment• Experiment over long distances. To cope up with above situations, we require

underwater wireless communication.

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ADVANTAGES

•Can be used to provide early warnings of tsunamis generated by undersea earthquakes.

•It avoids data spoofing.

•It avoids privacy leakage.

•Pollution monitoring.

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APPLICATION:

Search and rescue mission

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• Battery power is limited and usually batteries cannot be recharged also because solar energy cannot be exploited . •The available bandwidth is severely limited.

• Channel characteristics including long and variable propagation delays.

•Multipath and fading problems.• High bit error rate.

DISADVANTAGES

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• The aim of this is to build a acoustic communication.

• This is not only the way for underwater communication.

• By using optical waves which offers higher throughput (Mbps) over short distances (up to about 100 m) .

CONCLUSION

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THANK YOU