Understanding US academic expectations
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Transcript of Understanding US academic expectations
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Cultural Expectations
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What are your experiences?
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U.S. Academic Culture & Expectations
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Values & Priorities*• Interaction, discussion• Original thought• Individual ownership of ideas and knowledge• Analysis, synthesis of information• Directness in oral and written communication (stylistic, vocabulary
differences by discipline)• Freedom and choice• Academic misconduct is very serious
* Adapted from U.S. Culture Series: U.S. Classroom Culture January 01, 2004. Michael Smithee, Sidney L. Greenblatt, and Alisa Eland
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Cultural Differences in Academic Context
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Continuum of Educational & Cultural Differences
Thinking Critically……………………….........…... Rote Memorization
Interactive Classroom…………...……………….........…. Lecture Style
Self-selected classes…………...……………….. Pre-established classes
Competition………………………...............................…... Cooperation
Direct Communication…………...………….. Indirect Communication
Focus on Originality………….........……………….. Focus on Tradition
Focus on Individual………….............………….. Focus on Community
Citing………………………...............................................…... Copying
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Additional Difficulties & Cultural Differences
“Common knowledge” vs. individual knowledgeCollaboration vs. competitionGroup focus of society vs. individual society focusReporting misconduct = betrayal vs. Reporting misconduct = honorEqual access to resources vs. competition for resourcesAcademic/Cultural differences between UCB & prior educationDisciplinary/Course-specific differences in expectationsNo one definition of Academic Honesty or IntegrityChanging rules, expectationsFinancial, family pressureImposter Syndrome
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Academic Honesty & Common Mistakes
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What is an Academic Honor Code?
• Rules (usually ethical or moral) which guide a community or society
• Community or institutional expectations• By being a member of the community-
you agree to abide
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“As a member of the UC Berkeley community, I act with honesty, integrity, and respect for others.”
http://asuc.org/honorcode/
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Why is Academic Honesty important?• Self-respect• Making ethical choices• Benefits to society• Beliefs and values• Trust, fairness, honesty, responsibility • Integrity is fundamental to academics• Genuine learning- that’s what learning is all about • The “Real World” outside of academics- How would you feel if you knew
your doctor or attorney had been academically dishonest in their studies? Had cheated or plagiarized in school? In a professional environment?
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Academic MisconductAcademic misconduct is any action or attempted action that may
result in creating an unfair academic advantage for oneself or an unfair academic advantage or disadvantage for any other member or members of the academic community.
This includes a wide variety of behaviors such as cheating, plagiarism, altering academic documents or transcripts, gaining access to materials before they are intended to be available, and helping a friend to gain an unfair academic advantage.
The Center for Student Conducthttp://sa.berkeley.edu/conduct/integrity/definition
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Types of Academic Dishonesty
Cheating
Plagiarism Course Materials
Theft or Damage of Intellectual Property
Alteration of University
Documents
Disturbances in the
Classroom or Lab
False Information or Alteration
of Information
Unauthorized
Collaboration
The Center for Student Conduct http://sa.berkeley.edu/conduct/integrity/definition
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Respect for authority 25.6 %
Language problem 20.9 %
Previous educational experience on referencing
27.9 %
Cultural misconception (Plagiarism does not matter)
20.9 %
Individual values (Personality trait)
4.7 %
Source: Overcoming the cultural issues associated with plagiarism for International students
Cultural factors that can impact understanding of plagiarism?
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/why-do-international-students-cheat/article593033/
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Common Mistakes• Unauthorized collaboration- i.e. sharing test answers, notes, problem sets,
essays; Working together to complete an assignment without permission• Using other’s ideas, phrasing, metaphors, without acknowledgement• Citation problems- assuming something is common knowledge, failing to
cite sources properly, online content, poor selection of sources• Using old exams to prepare for a test• Paraphrasing problems• Self-plagiarism- multiple submission, submitting old papers• Time Management issues• Study skills• Not reading the syllabus or understanding course expectations
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Academic Consequences• Not knowing is not an acceptable excuse• Consequences range from getting an F on a paper, to an F in the
class, to suspension, expulsion, dismissal• Official conduct procedures & process• Suspension, expulsion, dismissal all have consequences to visa
status• Long term consequences- Grad School, employment,
recommendations, lacking necessary skills for success, failing to achieve subject mastery
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Resources
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UC Libraries Guides & Research Help
Library Research Help: http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/Help/research_help.html Citation Guides, Style Guides, & Avoiding Plagiarism: http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/citations.html http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/Help/guides.html