Understanding types of sentences and sentence structures.
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Transcript of Understanding types of sentences and sentence structures.
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Sentence TypesUnderstanding types of sentences and
sentence structures
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There are four types of sentencesThe most common type of sentence is the
DECLARATIVE sentence.
A declarative sentence “declares” or states something.
To declare: أعلن•聲明•declarar
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Examples:I am hungry.
Class starts at 6:00 pm.
Summer ends next month.
The days are getting shorter.
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Imperative SentencesImperative sentences give a command – tell
someone to do something.Often times, imperative sentences do not
have a stated subject, but the subject is implied to be “you”.
Imperative: imperativo•迫切إلزامي•
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Examples of Imperative SentencesClose the door.
Get ready for school.
Pass me the pepper.
Each of these examples have “you” for the subject.
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Analyzing the imperative sentence:What is the subject and the verb of the
following sentence?
“Don’t forget to take out the garbage tonight.”
---Remember negatives are adverbs. We are left with “do” and “forget” as the verbs.
---The subject is the implied “you” . . . . . . . so
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Finishing up . .
(You) don’t forget to take out the garbage.
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Interrogatory SentencesInterrogatory sentences is another way of
saying a sentence that asks a question.
They will always be followed by a question mark:
Examples:Did you do the homework?Are you going to make dinner tonight?Did you enjoy the movie?
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Finding the subject and verbTo find the subject and verb of a question, restate the sentence as a declarative sentence:
Did you do the homework? = You did do the homework.
Are you going to make dinner tonight? =You are going to made dinner tonight.
Did you enjoy the movie? = You did enjoy the movie.
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Exclamatory SentencesAn exclamatory sentence adds emphasis or
emotion to either a declaratory or imperative sentence.
It will always be followed by an exclamation point (!)
Examples:Don’t go in the kitchen! I just washed the
floor.Watch out!I got an A on my test!
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Sentence StructureSentence structure is divided into four types:
Simple sentences
Compound sentences
Complex Sentences
Compound/Complex Sentences
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What is a sentence?A sentence will always:
1) Start with a capital letter2) Have a subject3) Have a verb4) Have a complete idea5) End with a period (.), a question
mark (?), or an exclamation point (!)
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Which of these is not a sentence?We are going to get rain on Saturday.
Stop!
Because traffic was heavy.
Why were you so late?
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The answer is . . . “Because traffic was so heavy.”
It starts with a capital letterIt has a subject (traffic)It has a verb (was)It ends in a period
BUT - - - it doesn’t have a complete thought or idea. Because traffic was so heavy . . . What? I was late? I drove a different way? I decided not to go?
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Dependent and Independent ClausesAn INDEPENDENT clause is another word
for a complete sentence. It is independent, or free, of anything else. It has a completed idea.
Clause: جملةCláusula條款
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Dependent ClausesA DEPENDENT clause do not complete an
idea. You can recognize it because it starts with a dependent word.
Examples of Dependent words: Because While During Although Since
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Notice how there is no complete idea or thought:Because I had already taken that class.
Since it was only four o’clock.
While the baby was sleeping.
If I only had more money.
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FragmentsDependent clauses are considered to be
fragments. A fragment is something that is not complete.
Do you understand the difference between dependent and independent clauses?
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Simple sentencesA simple sentence is a single independent
clause. It has one idea.
Examples:1) Mario and Sam drove to New York City.2) I wish it would rain.3) My garden needs to be watered.4) Sarah studied and wrote her paper.5) Mo and Sam sanded and painted the
cabinets.
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Compound SentencesCompound sentences are two (or more)
independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon.
Example:Simple sentences: Mary cooked dinner. Mike
did the dishes.
Compound: Mary cooked dinner, and Mike did the dishes. OR
Mary cooked dinner; Mike did the dishes.
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Comma usageWhen you connect two independent clauses
together with a conjunction, put a comma before the conjunction.
It was raining, and I forgot to close the windows.
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Your turnLet’s practice compound sentences.
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Complex SentencesA COMPLEX sentence contains
One Independent Clause, andAt least one Dependent Clause
EXAMPLES: If I had more money, I would take a vacation.
Because I was running late, I skipped dinner.
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Comma UsageNOTICE:
When a sentence starts with a dependent clause, you use a comma to separate it from the independent clause.
When a sentence starts with an independent clause, you DON’T use a comma to separate .Because it was raining, I arrived late for work.I arrived late for work because it was raining.
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Your turnLet’s practice some complex sentences:
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Compound/Complex SentencesThese will contain at least:
Two independent clausesAt least one dependent clause
Example:
I drove to school because it was raining, and I couldn’t find a parking spot.