Understanding Populations. How Populations Change in Size Objectives 1.Describe the three main...
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![Page 1: Understanding Populations. How Populations Change in Size Objectives 1.Describe the three main properties of a population. 2.Describe exponential population.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032414/56649ee65503460f94bf61b4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Understanding PopulationsUnderstanding Populations
![Page 2: Understanding Populations. How Populations Change in Size Objectives 1.Describe the three main properties of a population. 2.Describe exponential population.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032414/56649ee65503460f94bf61b4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How Populations Change in SizeHow Populations Change in Size
Objectives1.Describe the three main properties of a
population.2.Describe exponential population growth.3.Describe how the reproductive behavior of
individuals can affect the growth rate of their population.
4.Explain how population sizes in nature are regulated.
![Page 3: Understanding Populations. How Populations Change in Size Objectives 1.Describe the three main properties of a population. 2.Describe exponential population.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032414/56649ee65503460f94bf61b4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• What is a population?
• All members of a species living in the same place at the same time
• Properties of Populations
• Density – the number of individuals per unit area or volume
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•Dispersion – the relative distribution or arrangement of its individuals within a given amount of space
•Size – actual number of individuals
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• How does a population grow
•More births than deaths
• Growth rate – change in pop. Over time
Change in pop. Size = births - deaths
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• How fast can a population grow
• Reproductive potential – the max number of offspring that each member of a population can produce
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• Most organisms have a high reproductive potential because few offspring actually survive
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• Potential increases when individuals produce more offspring at a time, more often, and reproduction early (shortens generation time – ave. time it takes to reach reproductive age)
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• Small animals usually have a shorter generation time than larger animals
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• Exponential Growth• As a population grows, it grows faster
• Occurs in nature when populations have plenty of food and space and no competition
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• What limits population growth
• Carrying capacity - max pop. That the ecosystem can support indefinitely
• Amount of resources – limited resources determines carrying capacity
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• Competition within a population• Territory• Food• mates
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• Types of population regulation
• Density dependent – density, of individuals affects growth’ all individuals are affected• diseases
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• Density independent – certain portions of the pop. May die regardless of the pop. Density• Severe weather, natural disasters
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How Species InteractHow Species Interact
Objectives1.Explain the difference between niche and
habitat.2.Give examples of parts of a niche.3.Describe the five major types of interactions
between species.4.Explain the difference between parasitism
and predation.5.Explain how symbiotic relationships may
evolve.
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• Organism’s niche• Unique role of a species within an ecosystem or a pattern of use of its habitat or it’s “job”
• Includes physical home, environmental factors necessary for survival, and all interactions
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• Ways species interact
• Competition – both harmful• Relationship in which different individuals or population attempt to use the same limited resource
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• Within and between species
•Between different species it’s called overlap
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• Indirect competition – when species do not come into contact with each other
• Competition is reduced by•Evolution – better adaptations
•Divide niche in time and space
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• Predation – 1 benefits and the other is harmed• Populations of predators depend on populations of prey
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• Adaptations to avoid predators•Camouflage used to lie and wait or hide
•Warning coloration•Mimicry•Protective covering
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• Parasitism – 1 benefits, other is harmed or killed• Parasite (flees, ticks, tape and heartworms, leaches, mistletoe
• Host
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• Mutualism – both benefit• Bees and flowers
• Commensalism – 1 benefits, the other is unaffected• “hitchhikers”, birds and trees
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• Symbiosis – close relationship
• coevolution