Understanding Higher Education System in India

May 7, 2021

Senthil KumarSr. Director – International Sales & Business

Development

Ancient Education & University System

• 2600 Years of History

• Indian Prominent in Higher Education from (6th Cen B.C to 12th

Cen A.D)

• 700 yrs When Europe was Prominent (12th Cen to 19th Cen).

• 100 yrs when the US has been prominent.

Role of University

a) Select

b) Support

- Access

- Connect

- Facilitate

c) Transform

- Knowledge

- People

Post Independence

1948 – 1949 UEC

NEP – 1968 (Free & Compulsory Education, 3 Lang Formula, Education Structure (10+2+3)

NEP – 1986 (National Curricular Framework with a Common Core, Technical and Management Education, Education for Equality, Open University & Adult education, Teacher & Trainer Education )

SSA – UEE (National Goal)

Butterflies (NFE)

Total No. of Universities in the Country as on 31.03.2021

State Universities 425

Deemed to be Universities 125

Central Universities 54

Private Universities 375

Total 979

HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA – A glance

• There are 548 General, 142 Technical, 63 Agriculture & Allied, 58 Medical, 23 Law, 13 Sanskrit and 9 Language Universities and rest 106 Universities are of other Categories.

• The top 8 States in terms of highest number of colleges in India are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh

• Total enrolment in higher education has been estimated to be 37.4 million with 19.2 million male and 18.2 million female. Female constitute 48.6% of the total enrolment. (2018-2019)

• Maximum numbers of Students are enrolled in B.A. programme followed by B.Sc. and B.Com. programmes. 10 Programmes out of approximately 187 cover 80.3% of the total students enrolled in higher education.

• At Undergraduate level the highest number (35.9%) of students are enrolled in Arts/ Humanities/Social Sciences courses followed by Science (16.5%), Engineering and Technology (13.5%) and Commerce (14.1%)

• There are 979 Universities, Over 39931 Colleges and 10725 Stand Alone Institutions.

• 385 Universities are privately managed. 394 Universities are in rural area.

• At Ph.D. level, maximum number of students are enrolled in Science stream followed by Engineering and Technology. On the other hand, at Post Graduate level maximum students are enrolled in Social Science stream and Management comes at number two.

• The foreign students come from 164 different countries from across the globe. The top 10 countries constitute 63.7% of the total foreign students enrolled.

• Highest share of foreign students come from the neighbouring countries of which Nepal is 26.88% of the total, followed by, Afghanistan (9.8%), Bangladesh (4.38%), Sudan (4.02%), Bhutan constitutes (3.82%) and Nigeria (3.4%).

• There are more than 78.0% colleges running in Private sector; aided and unaided taken together, but it caters to only 66.4% of the total enrolment.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA – A glance

STATUTORY/REGULATORY COUNCILS

• MHRD - Department of Higher Education. Department of Higher Education is responsible for the overall development of the basic infrastructure of higher education sector, both in terms of policy and planning. Under a planned development process, the Department looks after expansion of access and qualitative improvement in the higher education, through world class universities, Colleges, and other institutions.

STATUTORY/REGULATORY COUNCILS

• University Grants Commission (UGC)

• All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

• Distance Education Council (DEC)

• Indian Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR)

• Medical Council of India Replaced by National Medical Commission (NMC)

• Dental Council of India (DCI)

• Indian Nursing Council (INC)

• Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)

STATUTORY/REGULATORY COUNCILS

• Central Council of Indian Medicines (CCIM)

• Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)

• Veterinary Council of India (VCI)

• Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)

• National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)

• Bar Council of India (BCI)

• Council of Architecture (CoA)

• National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)

• State Councils of Higher Education (SCHEs)

STATUTORY/REGULATORY COUNCILS

• Directorate General of Shipping (DGS)

• The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)

• The Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI)

• The Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICAI)

• Department of Electronics

NEP – 2020 (Game Changer)

• 50 % Gross Enrolment Ratio by 2035

• Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education -Flexibility of Subjects

• Multiple Entry / Exit

• UG Program - 3 or 4 year

• PG Program – 1 or 2 year

• Integrated 5 year Bachelor’s / Master’s

• M Phil to be discontinued

• Credit Transfer and Academic Bank of Credits

• HEIs : Research Intensive/Teaching Intensive Universities and Autonomous Degree Granting Colleges

• Model Multidisciplinary Education and Research University (MERU)

(in or near every District)

NEP – 2020 (Game Changer)

• Graded Autonomy : Academic, Administrative & Financial

• Phasing out Affiliation System in 15 years

• National Mission on Mentoring

• Independent Board of Governors (BoG)

• Single Regulator for Higher Education (excluding Legal and Medical)

• On-line Self Disclosure based Transparent System for Approvals in place of ‘Inspections’

• Common Norms for Public and Private HEIs

• Private Philanthropic Partnership

• Fee fixation within Broad Regulatory Framework

• Public Investment in Education Sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest

NEP – 2020 (Game Changer)

• National Research Foundation (NRF)

• Internationalisation of Education

• Integration of Vocational, Teacher and Professional Education

• Setting up of New Quality HEIs has been made Easier

• Standalone HEIs and Professional Education Institutions will evolve into Multidisciplinary

• Special Education Zone for Disadvantaged Regions

• National Institute for Pali, Persian and Prakrit

• National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)

• MHRD to be renamed as M/o Education

Transition From School Education to Higher Education

1) Lack of career Planning

2) Usage of technology – Course Delivery

3) Connect with industry/academia

4) Pedagogy

5) Less Academic Freedom

6) Value of Co-curricular & extra curricular activities

7) Life skills

8) Inquisitiveness and questioning ability

9) Lack of collaborative learning.

Thanks