Understanding Exposure
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Transcript of Understanding Exposure
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GETTING THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF LIGHT TO MAKE THE PICTURE
Understanding Exposure
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The Photographic Triangle
Aperture
Film SpeedShutter Speed
Photography’s creative tools include:
Photographer must decide which one takes priority.
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Aperturemost important for depth of field Shutter Speedmost important for action – show motion or
stop action Film Speedspeed used allows for different aperture/speed
combinations to provide a variety of creative effects
The Photographic Triangle
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Which element you choose as a priority will be the most important decision you make before taking a photograph.
The Photographic Triangle
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aperture takes priority over shutter speed when depth of field is most important to the composition
depth of field is the area of sharpness within a picturelarge shallow
f stop is the diameter of the aperture expressed as a ratio of the focal length (ex)f/4 is one-fourth of the focal lengthex: f/4 for a 100 mm lens, 100/4 = 25each stop is ½ of the previous
Aperture next
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Wide sweeping views back
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Isolated views back
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Aperture back
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aperture larger #(smaller hole), greater DoF smaller #(larger hole), shallower DoF
focal length short lens, greater DoF long lens, shallower DoF
distance to subject farther, greater DoF closer, shallower DoF
3 Factors That Influence Depth of Field
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Story tellinghas a beginning, middle and endlarge DoFuse small aperture – f/16, f/22, f/32use normal (50 MM) or
wide angle lens (16 mm, 28 mm)(examples)
3 Basic Categories of Composition and How to Achieve
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Story Telling – large Depth of Field
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Story Telling – large Depth of Field
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Story Telling – large Depth of Field back
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Isolationa single theme or subjectshallow DoFuse large aperture (f/1.4 to f/4)shoot closer to subject use longer lens (100 mm or more) or
macro lens(examples)
3 Basic Categories of Composition and How to Achieve
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Isolation- Shallow Depth of Field
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Isolation- Shallow Depth of Field back
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Who Caresall items are the same distance from
camera- no distant background or noticeable foreground
use medium DoF – f/8 most recommended
use about 50 - 100 mm lens(examples)
3 Basic Categories of Composition and How to Achieve
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Who Cares
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End of Aperture and Depth of Field
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set as priority when want to “freeze action” or “imply motion” or hand holding camerafast speed to freeze action (ex)slow speed to imply motion (creates motion blur) (
ex)when hand holding camera for sharp image
shutter speeds are seconds or fraction of second2, 1, ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250,
1/500, 1/1000
each speed is ½ of the previous
Shutter Speed
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Stop Action (back)
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Imply Motion (back)
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Fast Speed to Freeze ActionWhich speed depends on:distance to subject
farther away – slower speed OKcloser – faster speed needed
direction subject is movingrule of thumb
1/125 moving to/away1/500 – 1/1000 moving across
focal length of lens long lens, faster speed neededshort lens, slower speed can be used
Shutter Speed
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Ways to Imply Motion with Slow Speed Intentional blur – subject moves, camera
stationary (ex) Camera movements – subject stationary or
moving and camera moves (ex) Zoom – camera stationary while zooming
in/out (ex) Long exposure – camera stationary while
subject moving (ex) Panning – camera moves to follow moving
subject (ex)
Shutter Speed
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Intentional blur back
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Camera movements back
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Zoom - stationary subject
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Zoom – moving subject back
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Long exposure back
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Panning
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Panning and Implied Motion back
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Handholding camera – shutter speed takes priority over aperture when holding camera and you want extremely sharp composition
If want to use a slower speed than is safe, use a tripod
Shutter Speed
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Safe hand holding speed – nearest speed to inverse of the lens focal length
Shutter Speed
Lens Speed(not slower than)
300 250
100 125
50 60 (slowest recommended speed)
28 60
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End of Shutter Speed Section
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Choice of film speed affects the ability to achieve creative effects with aperture and shutter speed Commonly measured using ISO number
25, 50, 64, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600each is twice as sensitive to light as the previous
Film Speed
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Speed of film determines its sensitivity to light Slow speed
less sensitive to lightgood for daylightrequires longer exposure times/larger
apertures
Fast speedmore sensitive to lightgood for night, indoors/low lightcan use shorter exposure times/smaller
apertures
Film Speed
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Speeds
Slow Medium Fast
ISO 25, 50, 64 100, 200 400, 800, 1600
Exposure time long medium short
Graininess lacks grain some grain grainy
Quality rich color, sharp vivid images
rich color, acceptable sharpness
colors less vivid, lacks good detail
For close-ups, landscapes
people, landscapes hand held action, lowlight
Tripod required sometimes seldom
Film Speed