Understanding Energy Transition –

New and Emerging Technologies

PO Box 60361, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece

Balkan Clean Energy Transition Conference & Fair 2019,19-22 September 2019 – Kozani, Greece

Website: psdi.cperi.certh.gr

Dr. Spyros Voutetakis, paris@cperi.certh.gr

Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece

CERTH/CPERI

SUPPOSITION

“The most important source of atmospheric pollution is theproduction and consumption of energy”

PREDICTION

“The world energy demand will triple by 2050 and the demands for«cleanliness» will be three times those of today”

Thus, the world has to discover the means to solve its energy issues with respect to quality and quantity of energy.

Low carbon footprint:

o Carbon Capture – Utilization

o Hydrogen - Energy Storage

o Renewable energy – biofuels

o Smart Energy (Grids etc.)

Understanding Energy Transition

CERTH/CPERI

ΝΟx, SOx, HC, CO, CH4, PM, CO2

Atmospheric pollutants

Acid Rain

Corrosion

Greenhouse effect

“Local” & “global” pollutants generated by

combustion of fossil fuels

Human Health

CERTH/CPERI

❑ Installation of a pilot CO2 sequestration and reuse unit next to Agios Dimitrios Power Plant (DEI SA).

❑ Appropriate CO2 purity for numerous applications.

❑ CO2 node (CO2-Hub) in Western Macedonia.

❑ Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from power plants – development of a novel value chain.

❑ Demonstration of CO2 utilization through the production of methanol using H2 that will be produced in an electrolyte unit.

CO2 Sequestration and Utilization by Lignite-fired Power Plants

CO2-Hub

Project objectives:1. Demonstration of the CO2 sequestration technology

with cost reduction by <25 €/tone2. Effective (> 90%) CO2 sequestration 3. Sequestration of 5500 tones CO2/year.4. Production of high purity methanol from CO2 and H2.5. Technical-economic and environmental assessment of

the CO2 sequestration and recovery technology

Power Plant

OilExtraction

Green-houses

Dry IceFood

Industry Decaf Coffee

“Clean” Exhaust Gases

Exh

aust

Gas

es

CO2 Separation Unit

Electrolyte

H2O

Production of Chemicals

Methanol

Methanol Production Unit

CERTH/CPERI

Issues & ChallengesThe world is growing like never before, creating opportunity for billions of people.

All this growth requires energy.

But as the world demands more energy it also demands that it be produced anddelivered in new ways, with fewer emissions.

Shift from current energy production and consumption systems, which relyprimarily on non-renewable energy sources such as oil, natural gas and coal, to amore efficient, lower-carbon energy mix.

The energy transition will be facilitated by: • smart technology, • policy frameworks, • market instruments, and • information technology.

Understanding Energy Transition

CERTH/CPERI

Objectives

Energy transition requires technological breakthroughs and radical changes in energy use by consumers and industryA balance needs to be achieved between three seemingly conflicting yet interwoven objectives:• Energy security: The reliability of energy supply must be ensured to meet

current and future demand.• Energy equity: Energy must be accessible around the world, particularly in

emerging markets, at an affordable cost.• Environmental sustainability: Global warming calls for improved energy

efficiency and the development of renewable and low-greenhouse gas (GHG) energy sources.

No single mix would be ideal worldwide. The energy transition will be different in each country.

Understanding Energy Transition

CERTH/CPERI

Main key enablers to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and securing Europe’senergy supply, as well as to reducing costs, stimulating employment andimproving quality of life are (part of the key SETPlan areas)* :

✓ Energy Efficiency and decarbonisation pathways✓ Flexible fossil-based energy production✓ Renewables Integration✓ Smart Grids and Energy Storage

*IEA (2019), "Perspectives for the Clean Energy Transition

Future Opportunities – Enablers

Understanding Energy Transition

CERTH/CPERI

Renewable Energy

Sources & Storage

Post-Fossils Era

Biofuels & Bioenergy

Drivers of the Energy Transition

New and Improved Technologies

CERTH/CPERI

Fuel cell-based H2 energy storage demonstration sites in remote areas

Objective: Demonstrate technical and economic feasibility of fuel cells-based H2 energystorage solutions. Installation of four DEMO sites supplied by renewable electricity will beinstalled in either isolated micro-grids or off-grid remote areas

Achievements❑ Reduce the energy import & use of fossil fuels for electricity generation by 100 % or close to 100 %

❑ Improve the efficiency of the system in the range of 30 – 35 %

❑ Reduction of CO2 emissions from electricity generation by 100 % or close to 100 %

❑ Provide the required knowledge to identify missing gaps in the present regulation for exploitation of H2-based energy storage in the energy market (not only for island or remote areas)

New & Emerging Technologies

RES integration – Hydrogen

Project REMOTE – Remote area Energy supply with Multiple Options for integrated hydrogen-basedTechnologies https://www.remote-euproject.eu

H2 for mobility

Power to Heat

(P2H)

Battery Electrical

Storage

Electrical power to

local community

and industry

Gas

Storage

P2P

System

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020’s research and innovation programme.

CERTH/CPERI

Hydroelectric – PV energy storage in lithium ion batteries

Objective: Analyze, Design and Develop a Battery Monitoring System (BMS) for a Li-ionbattery stack combined with an advanced monitoring and control system for optimizedoperation

Achievements

❑ Maximize lifespan and safe operation of equipment through optimized energy management

❑ Improve the sustainability and autonomy of the charging system through the use of RES

❑ Develop an efficient charging system to minimize long-term costs

New & Emerging Technologies

RES integration – Storage

Project TESTORE – RES electricity storage in lithium ion batteries to achieve optimal charging andoperation for use in tertiary area domains at remote network points http://www.testore.gr

CERTH/CPERI

Smart Distribution system empowered by integration technologies & RES

Objective: Introduction to the energy market solutions to enable flexible demand-response and system integration technologies for stable and secure operation of the electricity grid

Achievements

❑ Optimal and dynamic operation of the Distribution Grid

❑ Grid Stability & coordination of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) &

innovative collaborative Storage schemes

Smart grids – Increase the share of RES – ICT

Project inteGRIDy – integrated Smart GRID Cross-Functional Solutions for OptimizedSynergetic Energy Distribution, Utilization and Storage Technologieshttp://www.integridy.eu

Schematic / figure

New & Emerging Technologies

DistributedGenerator

DistributedStorage

Substation

New DSO-managed services Market

Business Models for Balancing Services

Simulation & Optimization of MV generation

Demand Response & Data Analytics

Power Flow Monitoring & Forecasting

Smart Metering

Operations Market

Customer

TransmissionDistribution

CERTH/CPERI

AGROCHAINS

Objective: Supply chains of green residues for bioenergy exploitation

Achievements❑ Development, implementation and economic evaluation of green residues-based supply chains.

❑ Generation of energy products and energy production, through combustion and gasification tests.

❑ Evaluation of solid biofuels by the local market, through pilot marketing and supply to end-consumers.

❑ Assessment of sustainability and impact, through life cycle, life cost cycle and socio-economic analyses.

Bioenergy Value Chains

Project Agrochains – Avoidance of biomass burning in the field – Reduction of fire hazards, CO2 emissions andloss of organic matter – Avoidance the disposal of solid residues in environmentally sensitive recipients orlandfills – Generation of energy products. http://www.agrochains.gr

New & Emerging Technologies

CERTH/CPERI

DISHEAT

Objective: Mapping of local crops into geographic information systems and accuratedetermination of available biomass in order to achieve (a) optimal supply chain organizationand (b) cost reduction (representing more than 70% of the operational cost) for both largeand decentralized small applications.

Achievements

❑ Implementation of biomass combustion tests to identify the appropriate boiler specifications.

❑ Mobilization of local authorities, organizations and companies to organize the supply chain.

❑ Development of advanced on-line computation tools.

❑ Assessment of the environmental footprint of biomass use in district heating plants.

❑ Dissemination actions of project results.

Bioenergy for District Heating plants

Project DISHEAT – «Development of procedure and technology validation for the creation of locally availablebiomass value chains in W. Macedonia in order to cover the fuel needs of the local district heating systems inorder to replace the use pf heat from lignite power plants that their shutting down in eminent»http://www.disheat.gr

New & Emerging Technologies

CERTH/CPERI

Advanced Bioenergy & Biofuels

❑ Advanced transportation biofuels are renewable fuels produced by 2G/3G biomass or

recycling fossil-based materials

❑ Advanced biofuels include:

✓ Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO) / Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA)

✓ Bioethanol (from agricultural wastes)

✓ BioSynthetic Natural Gas (BioSNG)

✓ FT-liquids

✓ Methanol

✓ BioDME (dimethylether)

✓ Biobutanol

✓ Synthetic paraffinic fuel

✓ Drop-in biofuels via biotechnology/synthetic biology/modified metabolism

✓ Biohydrogen

✓ Algal biofuels

Source: ETIP-Bioenergy

CERTH/CPERI

BRISK2

Objective: BRISK2’s main activity is to fund researchers to access biological and thermal biomassconversion facilities across Europe. Funded by European Horizon 2020, BRISK2 aims to improve thesuccess of biofuels implementation by:

❑ Helping to consolidate bioenergy expertise & knowledge

❑ Providing opportunities for international collaboration

❑ Fostering a culture of co-operation

❑ Leading to new bioenergy research activities across Europe

New & Emerging Technologies

Biofuels Research Infrastructure for Sharing Knowledge

Project BRISK2 – Leading European infrastructurefor biofuels open of Transnational Research Visitshttps://brisk2.eu/

Eligible researchers can apply to utilise the unique facilities and expertise of any BRISK2 research partner outside of their home country. Funding is available for short-term experimental research visits, along with a capped grant for travel, accommodation and subsistence.

The current call closes 15 October 2019

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020’s research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 731101.

CERTH/CPERI

Low Carbon Transportation FuelsDevelopment & Demonstration @CERTH

❑Renewable transportation fuels

✓ Fuels from waste (cyclic economy): waste cooking oils/animal fats,

agricultural/municipal wastes, end-of-life tires / vehicles, plastics,

✓ Micro- and macro-algae based HVOs

✓ Renewable jet, diesel (HEFAs/HVOs)

✓ Synthetic gasoline/diesel (www.clara.eu)

❑Biomass (bio-crude) integration in petroleum refineries

✓ Waste cooking oils (Hellenic Petroleum, www.sustaindiesel.gr)

✓ Pyrolysis bio-oil (Fraunhofer, www.biomates.eu)

❑First demonstration of biodiesel from 100% waste cooking oil in a

garbage truck of Mun. Thessaloniki (www.biofuels2g.gr)

CERTH/CPERI

Low Carbon Transportation Fuels Collaboration – Achievements @ CERTH

❑Industrial collaboration (ExxonMobil, BP, KiOR, Toyota, Hellenic Petroleum, Sunlight,

ELIN Biofuels etc.) via:

✓ R&D projects funded by Horizon 2020, FP7, LIFE etc.

✓ Industrial contracts for targeted R&D activities.

❑Academic collaboration with research centers in/out of EU:

✓ Fraunhofer, ifeu, HyET, Imperial College London, Un. of Ferrara, Un. of Perugia, Wageningen Un., Un. of Florence,

Lehigh Un., Un. of North Carolina, IIT-Rookee, North West Un. etc.).

✓ Innovation award by Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (HFB) & Eurobank (2011).

✓ Best environmental LIFE+ project (2014).

✓ Technical publication in high visibility journals (Fuel, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Applied Energy,

Energy Conversion and Management, Energy, Bioresource Technology, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

etc) as well as in scientific books (Elsevier, RSC Environmental Series, In Tech etc.).

For more information

sbezerg@cperi.certh.gr

CERTH/CPERI

Flexible fossil-based and natural gas fired combined cycle power plants

Objective: Develop innovative solutions to improve the performance of existing power plants and extend the lifetime of subsystems (steam turbine, gas turbine).

Achievements

❑ Reduce operating costs and operating losses

❑ Improve productivity under dynamically changing conditions

❑ Create synergies between production, maintenance procedures & analytical laboratory

New & Emerging Technologies

Information Technology - Real time efficiency improvement

Control & Automation System

Users

InterfacesModel-based Simulation

Machine Learning & Big

Data

Smart Decision Making

Optimization & Prediction

Power Plant

Project CYCLOFLEX – Design & realization of a real time efficiency calculation platform for natural gasfired combined cycle power plants http://www.cycloflex.gr

CERTH/CPERI

Flexible fossil-based industries

Objective: Proof-of-concept of the new control strategies with real gases from an existinggasifier.

Intelligent and integrated upgrade of carbon sources through hydrogen intensified synthesis processes

❑ Provide new flexible reactor concepts for the upgrade of coal-derived gases with varying composition and

gas quality to methane and methanol.

❑ Optimize operation schemes by means of innovative advanced process control technologies.

❑ Enable CO2 savings through the integration of renewable hydrogen from volatile power sources.

http://www.i3upgrade.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020’s research and innovation programme. Grant Agreement Nr. 800659.

New & Emerging Technologies

Global Fuel Mix

Renewable Energies

SolarWindHydroetc.

Biomass

IssuesIntermittentIntermittentLocal/seasonal

CollectionTransformation

Possible solutionsStorageStorage

Liquids or gases

Possible meansHydrogen Hydrogen

Hydrogen

Jeremy Rifkin : The Hydrogen Economy

“The creation of a renewable energy regime, stored in the form of hydrogen, distributed via an energy Internet, and connected to plug-in, zero-emission transport, opens the door to the TIR” (or 4.0)

CERTH/CPERI

Systems Engineering Services for Monitoring & Control

❑ Advanced Data Analytics & Behavior analysis for systems and pilot plants

❑ Diagnostics & Prognostics model-based toolkit for smart-grids, fuel cells & energy storagesystems

Targeted Operation & Results

❑ Excellent integration of the various heterogeneous subsystems

❑ Reliable unattended operation and efficient production

❑ Superior performance based on the synergy of modular experimental systems with innovativesupervisory control techniques

Conclusions

CERTH/CPERI

Νέες Ερευνητικές Κατευθύνσεις - Μεγάλα Έργα (1/3)

• Ολοκληρωμένη διαχείριση σε κατοικίες– Τεχνολογίες διαχείρισης ενέργειας

– Διαχείριση νερού και προστασία περιβάλλοντος

– Έξυπνα συστήματα για κατοικίες (συν. ΙΠΤΗΛ)

CERTH/CPERI

Νέες Ερευνητικές Κατευθύνσεις - Μεγάλα Έργα (2/3)

• Η λεωφόρος του Υδρογόνου– Τεχνολογίες τοπικής παραγωγής/τροφοδοσίας υδρογόνου

– Αξιοποίηση ανανεώσιμων πηγών

– Χρήση στις μεταφορές (συν. ΙΜΕΤ)

CERTH/CPERI

Νέες Ερευνητικές Κατευθύνσεις - Μεγάλα Έργα (3/3)

• Η σημαντικότητα της αποθήκευσης ενέργειας– Το νέο μοντέλο τοπικής παραγωγής ενέργειας

– Χημική αποθήκευση ενέργειας (υλικά)

– Καθαρή ενέργεια και βελτίωση του περιβάλλοντος

Understanding Energy Transition –

New and Emerging Technologies

PO Box 60361, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece

Balkan Clean Energy Transition Conference & Fair 2019,19-22 September 2019 – Kozani, Greece

Website: psdi.cperi.certh.gr

Dr. Spyros Voutetakis, paris@cperi.certh.gr

Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece

Conference theme: “Dramatic changes on the planet….”

What are these “dramatic changes on the planet” ?The most dramatic changes concern the global climatic alteration and its consequences on human and animal life and on the planet itself.

What causes these ‘dramatic changes” ?The accumulation in the atmosphere of the so called green-house gases (CO2, CH4, Nox, etc.) which originate from the combustion of fossil fuels.

Thus: Energy usage and transformation (electricity production, industry, transportation) is the single most important source of the problems the planet is facing.

CERTH/CPERI

PREDICTION

“The most important source of atmospheric pollution is the

production and consumption of energy

“The world energy demand will triple by 2050 and the demands for

“cleanliness” will be three times those of today”.

Thus, the world must discover the means to solve its

energy issues with respect to quality and quantity

of energy.

SUPPOSITION

Variation of “local” atmospheric pollutants with time

Global CO2 emissions, 1970 - 2013

Variation of “greenhouse gas” emissions with time

Alteration of atmospheric CO2 concentration AND global mean temperature

Landfill with gas collection

system and flare

Biogas can be produced via the anaerobic fermentation or digestion of organic

matter due to microbiological action of bacteria. The digester’s feedstock can

be any biodegradable raw material.

Sewage Digester

Digester

What is Biogas?

CERTH/CPERI

Data source: Solagro/EurObserver–Biogas Energy Barometer, August 2004

Biogas production in Europe

• Hydrogen can help the world meet the challenges of the transition to a

renewable energy era in two ways:

1. By being a renewable energy carrier itself. Hydrogen can

be used in fuel cells to produce electricity with very high

efficiency and zero emission of pollutants.

2. By providing a means of cost-effective, long term storage of

renewable energy. Excess renewable energy can be

converted to H2 via electrolysis and stored or transported.

Why Hydrogen ? H2 + ½ O2 H2O + energy

• Hydrogen can help the world meet the challenges of the transition to a

renewable energy system.

• Hydrogen enables large-scale renewables integration through cost-effective

long term storage.

• Hydrogen allows distribution of energy across sectors and regions

• Hydrogen can act as strategic reserve and buffer.

• A range of companies are investing into large-scale hydrogen projects in the

energy sector.

• Adopting hydrogen could help a wide range of industries make progress

toward national and global CO2 reduction targets.

Hydrogen as energy carrier

Fuel Cell & H2: Applications

Telecommunication stations

Marine

Trucks

Trains

Renewable Energies

Solar

Wind

Hydro

etc.

Biomass

Issues

Intermittent

Intermittent

Local/seasonal

Collection

Transformation

Possible solutions

Storage

Storage

Liquids or gases

Possible means

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

Jeremy Rifkin :The hydrogen Economy

“The creation of a renewable energy regime, stored in the form of

hydrogen, distributed via an energy Internet, and connected to plug-

in, zero-emission transport, opens the door to the TIR ” or 4.0

• Hydrogen can help the world meet the challenges of the transition to a

renewable energy era in two ways:

1. By being a renewable energy carrier itself. Hydrogen can

be used in fuel cells to produce electricity with very high

efficiency and zero emission of pollutants.

2. By providing a means of cost-effective, long term storage of

renewable energy. Excess renewable energy can be

converted to H2 via electrolysis and stored or transported.

Why Hydrogen ? H2 + ½ O2 H2O + energy

Extraordinary advantage of hydrogen: Fuel Cells

ADVANTAGES OF FUEL CELLS

No production of atmospheric pollutants (SOx,

NOx, PM) as in combustion of fossil fuels

No CO2 production when renewable hydrogen is

used

Their efficiency is nearly twice that of

conventional engines

Their efficiency is independent of size

Noiseless operation

Highly reliable since they have no moving parts

CERTH/CPERI

Ευφυή Δίκτυα

Αναστρέψιμο σύστημα κελιού καυσίμου/Ηλεκτρολύτη στερέου οξειδίου με ανανεώσιμο υδρογόνο ή LNG

H2

SOEC

SOFC

νερόGGT

Ευφυή Ενεργειακά Συστήματα σε Μικροδίκτυα και σε ΝησιάΈξυπνα Κτίρια

Θερμικά φορτία

Αντλία Θερμότητας

Ηλεκτρικές καταναλώσεις

Φ/Β

Μπαταρία+ -

Ηλιακή Ακτινοβολία

Μικροδίκτυο

Άλλες καταναλώσεις

Δίκτυο

Σύστημα ΔιαχείρισηςΕνέργειας

Σήμα τιμής ηλεκτρικής κιλοβατώρας

Εντολή φόρτισης/Αποφόρτισης

Παραγωγή Φ/Β

Προφίλ καταναλώσεων

Επιλογή αλγορίθμου

Αποφυγή αιχμών

Τιμή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας

Όριο αιχμής

Ισχύς

SoC

Νέες Ενεργειακές Τεχνολογίες σε Νησιά

Διασύνδεση συστήματος Φ/Β-μπαταρίας με αντλίαθερμότητας και έξυπνη διαχείριση αυτού γιαεφαρμογή σε κτηριακές εγκαταστάσεις Δυναμική προσομοίωση ηλεκτρικού δικτύου με 100% ΑΠΕ και διαχείριση περιστατικών απώλειας ισχύος

Συμμετοχή στα Ερευνητικά Έργα:

Yποσταθμός(LV)

Ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο (HV/MV/LV) Τοπικό δίκτυο (MV)

• Σχεδιασμός και διαστασιολόγηση ενεργειακών δικτύων (αποκεντρωμένων ή μη) με συμβίωση τωντριών κύριων ενεργειακών καταναλώσεων (ηλεκτρισμός, θέρμανση, ψύξη).

• Δυναμική προσομοίωση αυτών ποικίλους χρονικής διακριτοποιήσης (~h→sec).• Εναρμονισμένη με τις ανάγκες του κάθε δικτύου αλγορίθμων πρόβλεψης

παραγωγής/κατανάλωσης φορτίου σε περιπτώσεις υψηλής διείσδυσης ΑΠΕ και δυνατότητεςδιερεύνησης της ευστάθειας δικτύου για τη ειδική περίπτωση νησιωτικών συστημάτων.

• Σύζευξη ανωτέρω αλγορίθμων με μεθόδους ελέγχου για τη βέλτιστη διαχείριση της παραγόμενηςκαι αποθηκευμένης ενέργειας