Understanding ‘brain flows’ as different problems in regions. Frans Coenen University of Twente...
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Transcript of Understanding ‘brain flows’ as different problems in regions. Frans Coenen University of Twente...
Understanding ‘brain flows’ as different problems in regions.
Frans Coenen University of TwenteArnoud Lagendijk Radboud University NijmegenAlexandra David Institute for Work and Technology, Gelsenkirchen
Introduction
• Material is taken from INTERREG IVC Brain flow mini program subproject Button
• Thematic of the project and whole mini-program.
• Flows of brains are natural phenomenon with positive and negative consequences depending on the perspective
• Defining a problem is not solving it.
Regions
Detmold (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)Hedmark (Norway)Navarra (Spain)Twente (Overijssel, Netherlands) Arnhem-Nijmegen (Gelderland Netherlands)Nordwestschweiz/ Basel (Switzerland).
How and why can we categorize ‘brain flow’ as a problem in a specific region?’
- What are the flows?
- What are the brains that flows?
- What area the consequences?
- What are the causes?
What are the flows?
• Brain drain • (Brain drain retention)• Brain attraction• Brain circulation• Brain gain
What are the ‘brains’ that flow?
Three perspectives:
•Finished education level
•Skills needed in the region
•Contribution to economic welfare
Problem perception: social, economic and environmental consequences of
brain flow1. As a demographic problem; brain drain leads to depopulation or
disturbance of demographic structure (because the young educated go),
2. As a labour market demand problem of job fulfilment, a negative balance of graduates; people leave that are needed in the region;
3. As a shortage of human capital problem, operationalized as the percentage of high educated persons in the population. which has consequences for the social and economic development of a region
4. As a fiscal problem, as invested government money in education is lost
Causes of brain flows; push and pull factors
• Clustering of economic activities
• Employment and career possibilities• Settlement factors • Relative independent occurrences
Demographic perspective
Labour market
Human capital
Human capital needed
Ideal-typical categories
• Classical brain drain region• Shortage region• Brain attraction region• Commuter region
Use and problems
• No ‘one size fit all solutions’ (f.i. founding an university)
• Potential measures are linked with causes and consequences
• Not all factors are manipulable• We are not sure about mechanisms (for instance
jobs follow people)• Time dimension