Understanding Basic Concepts in DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction Network Philippines ( DRRNetphils)
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Transcript of Understanding Basic Concepts in DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction Network Philippines ( DRRNetphils)
Understanding Basic Concepts in DRRM
Disaster Risk Reduction Network Philippines ( DRRNetphils)
The Philippines – a disaster risk The Philippines – a disaster risk epicenterepicenter
EARTHQUAKE GENERATORSOF THEPHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO
• Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic hazards
NDCC
PHILIPPINESEISMICITY
Magnitude 4 or greater
1907 - present
DESTRUCTIVEEARTHQUAKESOF THE PHILIPPINES
HAZARDS IN THE Eastern VISAYAS
• Typhoons • Floods / Storm Surges• Landslides• Tsunami • Drought• Earthquakes• Epidemics• Agricultural (Infestations )
• Archipelagic nature of the Philippine coastal areas - increases susceptibility to storm surges, tsunamis and sea level changes.
• Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic hazards
• Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean – monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La Niña
• Floods are common due to rains brought by typhoons and the monsoon.
• Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean – monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La Niña
SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT)
NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN)
L
L L
L
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
TROPICAL CYCLONE
Vulnerability in Southeast Asia
• A January 2009 mapping study done by Dr. Arief Anshory Yusuf and Dr. Herminia Francisco of the Singapore-based Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia shows the vulnerability of Southeast Asia alone shows alarming trends.
Millions of Filipinos are at risk.Millions of Filipinos are at risk.
• The Philippines ranks number one in the whole world in terms of number of reported disaster events within 2009.
• In 2009 the Philippines ranked second in terms of population affected by natural disasters and third in the world in terms of number of people killed. (Source: CRED EM Data, Human Impact of Disasters, 2009).
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Disaster Risk Management
• a range of activities that contribute to increasing capacities and reducing immediate and long-term vulnerabilities to prevent or at least minimize damaging impact in a community
Disaster Risk Management Activities
a) Before the disaster• Prevention• Mitigation• Preparedness
b) During the disaster – emergency reliefs and responses
c) After the disaster• Recovery: rehabilitation and reconstruction• “Building back better
Disaster Risk Reduction• It is a proactive approach to minimize vulnerabilities and
disaster risks to minimize loss of life, livelihood and property.
• DRR incorporates aspects of good governance, sustainable development, risk (natural; human; and climate risks) assessments, knowledge and education, risk management, vulnerability reduction, disaster preparedness and response – guided by principles of human rights and security, gender equity and equality, cultural sensitivity and empowering participation.
• It has been said that every $1 spent on risk reduction saves between $5 and $10 in economic losses from disasters (Eric Schwartz (UN Deputy Secretary General)).
DRRM Framework
Disaster
Medium-Term ResponseTransitional HousingProvisional Social ServicesRoad ClearingIncome GenerationWater System Rehabilitation
Long-Term ResponseRoad reconstructionSocial infrastructure reconstructionResumption of Production
Mitigation, Prevention, and Preparedness
Formation & training of local disaster committeesEarly Warning SystemsEngineering MitigationEvacuation Routes Risk Mapping
Short-Term ResponseSearch & Rescue Emergency Food and WaterTemporary ShelterBridges
Emergency Phase
RehabilitationReconstruction
Pre-DisasterPhase
TheNatural
Disaster Cycle
Traditional Disaster Cycle
Conceptual Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR
Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework
NOON DAPAT NGAYON
Disasters are unforeseen events which cannot be prevented.
Disasters can be prevented. We can prepare to avoid and reduce damage and loss.
Stress is on emergency response and recovery
Stress is on disaster risk reduction & management activities before the disaster – on prevention, mitigation & preparedness
People affected by disasters are helpless victims and passive recipients of external aid.
•People affected by disasters are active actors in reducing their vulnerabilities, in emergency response and rebuilding their lives and livelihood.
•People’s existing capacities are used and strengthened to reduce disaster risk and vulnerabilities
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
NOON DAPAT NGAYON
Disaster management is the sole responsibility of the NDCC, local DCCs and specialists such as the scientist, economist, social worker, government and NGOs
•Recognition of the importance of community participation. Disaster risk management is everybody’s responsibility.
•Stress on building capacity at the national, local & community levels for an integrated, multi-stakeholder and responsive disaster management system.
Focus on physical and material aid and technical solutions
Covers material, economic, social , environmental motivational aspects to reduce vulnerability
Focus on individual households •Focus on individuals, family and community risk reduction.
•Linked to community development.
Donors (outsiders) decide on what the families and community need.
The community participates in decision making to prioritize needs and risk reduction solutions.
The aim of disaster management is to reduce immediate suffering and meet emergency needs.
The aim of DRRM is to reduce people’s vulnerabilities and increase capacities to better prepare and cope with disasters.
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010
Republic Act No. 10121
“The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010”
(Approved on May 27, 2010; Effective on June 24, 2010)
* DRRM Act Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) – approved on September 27, 2010
Republic Act No. 10121
“An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System,
Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other
Purposes”
Basis of RA 10121The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
Priorities for Action:
Governance
Risk Assessme
nt
Vulnerability
Reduction
Knowledge
Management
Disaster Preparedn
ess
Basis of RA 10121
Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide. Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.
Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.
The World Conference on Disaster Reduction held from 18 to 22 January 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, and adopted the present Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as the “Framework for Action”). The Conference provided a unique opportunity to promote a strategic and systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities and risks to hazards. It underscored the need for, and identified ways of, building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters.3
Salient Features of RA 10121
Coherence with the
international framework
Salient Features of RA 10121
Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM
Salient Features of RA 10121
• Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction
Salient Features of RA 10121
• Coherence with the international framework• Adherence to universal norms, principles, and
standards of humanitarian assistance• Good governance through transparency and
accountability• Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM• Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency,
and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction
Salient Features of RA 10121
• Empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) as key partners in disaster risk reduction
• Integration of the DRRM into the educational system• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
(DRRMF) at the national and local levels• Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state
of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited acts and penalties therefor.
Key Players under RA 10121
NationalGovernm
ent
LocalGovernm
ent
Community
CivilSociety
Governance• Restructuring of Disaster Management Institutions
PD 1566 RA 10121
National DCC
OCD (Secretariat)
Regional DCC
Provincial DCC
City/Municipal DCC
Barangay DCC
Overseeing Implementing
National DRRMC
OCD
Regional DRRMC
Provincial DRRMC
City/Municipal DRRMC
Barangay Devt.Cou
ncil
Regional OCD
Provincial DRRMO
Barangay DRRM
Committee
City/Municipal DRRMO
Governance• NDRRMC (Sec. 5)
GovernanceRDRRMC (Sec. 10)
Composition (Rule 4, Sec. 2)
OCD CDOsChair
DILG Disaster
Preparedness
DSWD Response
DOST Prevention &
Mitigation
NEDA Rehab &Recovery
Vice-Chairs
MEMBERS • Executives of regional offices and field stations of
NDRRMC government agency members• Other entities that may be invited by the RDRRMC
Secretariat Existing regional offices of OCD
Governance
LDRRMCMembers(Sec. 11(a))
LDRRMC Members
Members
Governance• LDRRMO (Sec. 12)
DRRM Officer
Administrative & Training
Operations & Warning
Research & Planning
GovernanceWhat governs DRRM implementation?
Governance
CSO Participation• Consultations with key stakeholders is required with respect to
identification, assessment and prioritization of hazards and risks (Sec. 9(c)), development of a manual of operations for volunteers (Sec. 9(o)), and formulation of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of the Act (Sec. 25)
• Multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating and sharing of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy, planning and decision-making tools (Sec. (6)(d)).
• A system of accreditation, mobilization and protection of disaster volunteers, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector (Sec. 13)
• Mobilization and utilization of their facilities and resources in DRR activities and during emergencies
CSO Participation• Consultations with key stakeholders is required with respect to
identification, assessment and prioritization of hazards and risks (Sec. 9(c)), development of a manual of operations for volunteers (Sec. 9(o)), and formulation of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of the Act (Sec. 25)
• Multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating and sharing of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy, planning and decision-making tools (Sec. (6)(d)).
• A system of accreditation, mobilization and protection of disaster volunteers, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector (Sec. 13)
• Mobilization and utilization of their facilities and resources in DRR activities and during emergencies
Sustainability• Funding
NDRRM Fund – appropriated under the GAA; QRF = 30%
Uses of the NDRRM Fund:
a) Disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities such as but not limited to training of personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital expenditures;
b) Relief, recovery, reconstruction and other work or services in connection with natural or human-induced calamities which may occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the past two (2) years from the budget year.
Sustainability• Funding
LDRRMF - not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources ; QRF = 30%
Uses of the LDRRMF:a) pre-disaster preparedness programs including training,
purchasing life-saving rescue equipment, supplies and medicines;
b) post-disaster activities; and,c) payment of premiums on calamity insurance
Thank you.