Understanding Animal Reproduction - Weebly · 2018-09-07 · Objective 1: Describe the Importance...
Transcript of Understanding Animal Reproduction - Weebly · 2018-09-07 · Objective 1: Describe the Importance...
Understanding Animal Reproduction
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
• Reproduction: the process by which animals produce offspring.
• One of the basic characteristics of a species.
• Only animals within the same species can produce a fertile offspring.
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
• Occasionally animals of a different species, but within the same family, can reproduce.
• However, their offspring is sterile. Do you remember how chromosomes effect this?
• These offspring are often referred to as "hybrid animals".
Examples of "Hybrid Animals"
Mule, Beefalo, Zebroid, Cama, Liger
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
• Offspring will have similar traits to their parents.
• Why is this?
• Parents are selected and mated to achieve certain goals.
• High milk production, large litters, meaty carcasses, etc.
• The new animals are raised for the products they produce.
• Eggs, meat, milk, wool, and breeding
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction• Sexual Reproduction: the
union of the sperm and egg cells.
• Two parents are required.
• Asexual reproduction only requires 1 parent
• The offspring is genetically identical to that single parent.
• Examples are single-celled organisms and cloning.
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
• Sperm: the sex cell of the male animal.
• Sperm are produced in the testes.
• Egg or Ovum: the sex cell of the female animal
• Eggs are produced in the ovaries.
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
• Fertilization: the process by which the union of a sperm and an egg occurs.
• Also known as conception.
• Takes place in the female's reproductive tract for most animals.
• Occurs outside of the body in fish.
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction• Insemination: the process of placing sperm in the
reproductive tract of the female.
• Natural Insemination: a male of a species mates with a female of the same species.
• Copulation: the mating process in which sperm is placed into the reproductive tract of a female by a male of the same species.
• In order for copulation to occur, the female must be receptive to the male during a time during the estrus cycle called Heat.
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
• Artificial Insemination: (AI) the placing of semen in the female reproductive tract using equipment designed for the purpose.
• AI is often used in dairy and beef cows, horses, swine, and others.
• We will talk about the process of AI later.
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction• Embryo: a fertilized egg.
• Once an egg is fertilized it attaches to the uterine wall which provides it with nourishment.
• Gestation: the state of pregnancy that occurs after fertilization and last through parturition or birth.
• Fetus: a developed embryo
• The fetus will develop until parturition, when it will be able to live outside of the mother.
Objective 1: Describe the Importance of Animal Reproduction
• Parturition: the act of giving birth, which is the final stage of the reproductive process.