Understanding and Understanding and Using MapsUsing Maps

1.1.Identify the continents or oceans Identify the continents or oceans indicated by the letters A – I.indicated by the letters A – I.

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude►The earth is divided into lots of lines The earth is divided into lots of lines

called called latitudelatitude and and longitudelongitude..

LinesLines

►Longitude lines run north and south.Longitude lines run north and south.►Latitude lines run east and west. Latitude lines run east and west. ►The lines measure distances in The lines measure distances in

degrees.degrees.

Latitude

Longitude

Where is 0 degree?Where is 0 degree?

►The The equatorequator is 0 degree latitude. is 0 degree latitude. ►It is an imaginary belt that runs halfway It is an imaginary belt that runs halfway

point between the North Pole and the point between the North Pole and the South Pole.South Pole.

Equator

Where is 0 degree?Where is 0 degree?

►The The prime meridianprime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. is 0 degrees longitude. This imaginary line runs through the United This imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom, France, Spain, western Africa, Kingdom, France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica.and Antarctica.

Prime Meridian

CompassCompass►A compass is a tool A compass is a tool

that helps the user that helps the user know what direction know what direction one is headed.one is headed.

►On a map, a On a map, a compass or a compass or a compass rose helps compass rose helps the user locate these the user locate these directions.directions.

Map LegendsMap Legends►The legend is the key to unlocking the The legend is the key to unlocking the

secrets of a map. Objects or colors in the secrets of a map. Objects or colors in the legend represent something on the map. legend represent something on the map.

Religions Legend

Age ExpectancyAge Expectancy

Legend

Can you understand this legend?Can you understand this legend?

World Map

Prime Meridian

Equator

North Pole

South Pole

N.America

S.America

Africa

EuropeAsia

Australia

Antarctica

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Southern Ocean

Arctic Ocean

The previous map was very simple. It only shows generalized places. To locate a specific point on Earth we need a more

detailed map.

So, how can we use latitude and longitude So, how can we use latitude and longitude values to find locations on a map?values to find locations on a map?

Flattening makes it easier!Flattening makes it easier!

1. What information is missing from the map above.?2. According to the map which are the developed

countries?3. According to the map which are the developing

countries?

Typical GraphTypical Graph►This is an

example of a typical graph we are all familiar with.

►This graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.

Typical GraphTypical Graph ►Each point has two values:

►The “X” value that runs along thehorizontal “X” axishorizontal “X” axis

►The “Y” value that runs along thevertical “Y” axisvertical “Y” axis

Y axis

X axis

Typical GraphTypical Graph ►X value is always stated first

►Followed by the Y value

►The “origin” is the point where the 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0)

(0,0)

(3,8)Y

X

(9,5)

Typical GraphTypical Graph ►A point can also have negative(-) values

►Negative X values are to the left of the origin (0,0)

►Negative Y values are below theorigin (0,0)

X

Y

(-X,+Y)

(+X,-Y)

(+X,+Y)

(-X,-Y)

(0,0)

East/West, North/South on The EarthEast/West, North/South on The Earth►Let the X axis be the

Equator.►Let the Y axis be the

Prime Meridian(runs through Greenwich outside of London).

►Lat/Long values are the 2 grid points bywhich you can locate any point on earth.

Y

X

East/West, North/South on The EarthEast/West, North/South on The Earth

►Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.

N

S

EW

East/West, North/South on The EarthEast/West, North/South on The Earth►The N tells us we’re

north of the Equator.►The S tells us we’re

south of the Equator.►The E tells us that

we’re east of the Prime Meridian.

►The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W) (N, E)

(S, W) (S, E)

N

S

EW

►That means all points in NorthAmerica will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W)

Prime Meridian

East/West, North/South on The EarthEast/West, North/South on The Earth

Equator

East West, North South on the East West, North South on the EarthEarth

►What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia?

►What would be the latitude and longitude directions in S.America?

Prime Meridian

?Equator

?

What is Latitude?What is Latitude?►Latitude is the distance from theequator along the Y axis.

►All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.

►North pole = 90°N►South pole = 90°S►Values are expressed

in terms of degrees.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

0°

What is Longitude?What is Longitude?

►Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.

►All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude.

Y

X

180°W 180°E

90°E90°W

0°

So Where is (0,0)?So Where is (0,0)?►The origin point

(0,0) is where the equator intersects theprime meridian.

►(0,0) is off the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

‘‘DoNow’DoNow’See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Long/Lats points Are LocatedThese Long/Lats points Are Located

►1. 41°N, 21°E►2. 37°N, 76°W►3. 72°S, 141°W►4. 7°S, 23°W►5. 15°N, 29°E►6. 34°S, 151°E

A B

C D

Where can you find Madagascar?:

, 69° W18° NWhere can you find Santo Domingo?:

20° S , 47° E

SD

M

±

±

0°

0°

90°

90°

30°

30°

60°

60°

180°90°

180° 90° 45° 45°135° 135°

‘‘DoNow’DoNow’1.1. ¿Qué línea se encuentra en 0¿Qué línea se encuentra en 0° °

latitudelatitude??

2.2. ¿Qué línea se encuentra en 0¿Qué línea se encuentra en 0° ° longitudelongitude??

3.3. ¿Como se llego a determinar el ¿Como se llego a determinar el local para la línea en la local para la línea en la pregunta #2?pregunta #2?

‘‘DoNow’DoNow’

►What kind of line is the equator?What kind of line is the equator?

►Why you need a legend on a map?Why you need a legend on a map?

►What are the cardinal directions?What are the cardinal directions?

►According to Question # 3 are these According to Question # 3 are these

the only directions that you can travel?the only directions that you can travel?

Sites to visitSites to visit

► Look up Look up Latitude and Longitude for US Cities► Maps and Map Skills Degrees, Latitude, & Longitude Worksheet► Latitude and Longitude Map ( (lesson plan))► Scale► Time Zones► Anchors Aweigh (a map adventure) (a map adventure)► Map Quiz► Make Your Own Map► Topography MapsTopography Maps► U. S. Map CollectionU. S. Map Collection► GeoSpy GameGeoSpy Game► Globe ProjectorGlobe Projector► GeoGameGeoGame

Additional SourcesAdditional Sources

►Atlas - World (Holt, Rinehart and Atlas - World (Holt, Rinehart and Winston)Winston)

►Outline Map of US Outline Map of US ►Map Packet DownloadMap Packet Download►Maps.comMaps.com►National Geographic XpeditionsNational Geographic Xpeditions►Maps & GlobesMaps & Globes