Underlying Factors for Consistent Color Appearance (CCA ... · Underlying Factors for Consistent...
Transcript of Underlying Factors for Consistent Color Appearance (CCA ... · Underlying Factors for Consistent...
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VisualSimulationofCRPC1~CRPC7
UnderlyingFactorsforConsistentColorAppearance(CCA)anddevelopingCCAmetric
ElenaFedorovskaya&RobertChung- RITDavidHunter&PierreUrbain- ChromaChecker.com
CRPC1 CRPC2 CRPC3 CRPC4 CRPC5 CRPC6 CRPC7
CMYKpictorialcolorimages,outputtedtoISO15339-2CRPC1~CRPC7referenceprintingconditions,areassumedtohaveconsistentcolorappearancedespitetheircolorimetricdifferencesinwhitepointandgamutvolume
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• WeplantotestthisassumptionandusethevariablesunderlyingtheCRPCstodeviatefromCCA.• InthiswaywecanexperimentallyquantifytheeffectsofGrayBalance,ToneScaleandhueanglesofCMYRGBsolids onCCAandproposeametricfortheuseingraphiccommunications.
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CCAvs.ColorImageMatch
ConsistentColorAppearance ColorImageMatch
Definition A measureofvisualconsistencyamongmultipleimages(1)ofthesamescenereproducedindifferentreferenceprintingconditionsor(2)ofdifferentscenesinonereferenceprintingcondition
Ameasureofvisualmatchbetweenareferenceimageandasampleimageofthesamesceneinthesameviewingconditions
Reference(s) Multiplereferenceprintingconditionswithsimilartoneandcolorcharacteristics,butdifferentcolorgamut,e.g.,CRPC1~CRPC7
Aspecifiedreferenceprintingcondition,e.g.,CRPC6
Applications Productcampaignwhereby differentprintingprocessesandsubstratesareusedforpackaging,labeling,advertising,etc.
Colorproofsusedincommercialandpublicationprinting
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TheoreticalBasis• AdjacentCRPCs,intermsofpaper,solids,andgamutvolume,areunequal.
L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b* L* a* b*CRPC1 85 1 5 59 -24 -26 56 48 0 80 -2 60 37 1 4 84,280CRPC2 87 0 3 57 -28 -34 52 58 -2 82 -2 72 30 1 2 151,311∆EabCRPC2 87 0 3 57 -28 -34 52 58 -2 82 -2 72 30 1 2 151,311CRPC3 95 1 -4 60 -26 -44 56 61 -2 89 -3 76 32 1 1 165,764∆EabCRPC3 95 1 -4 60 -26 -44 56 61 -2 89 -3 76 32 1 1 165,764CRPC4 89 0 3 55 -36 -38 47 66 -3 83 -3 83 23 1 2 253,711∆EabCRPC4 89 0 3 55 -36 -38 47 66 -3 83 -3 83 23 1 2 253,711CRPC5 92 0 0 57 -37 -44 48 71 -4 87 -4 88 19 0 1 331,416∆EabCRPC5 92 0 0 57 -37 -44 48 71 -4 87 -4 88 19 0 1 331,416CRPC6 95 1 -4 56 -37 -50 48 75 -4 89 -4 93 16 0 0 389,023∆EabCRPC6 95 1 -4 56 -37 -50 48 75 -4 89 -4 93 16 0 0 389,023CRPC7 97 1 -4 54 -42 -54 47 78 -10 90 -4 103 14 0 0 525,551∆Eab
CRPC
2.0 6.7 6.8 10.0
4.2 6.4 5.2
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10.7 10.6 5.0 8.1 2.2
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9.3 12.7 10.3
Paper C100 M100 Y100 K100
3.0 9.2 11.0 12.2 7.3
17%
35%
GamutVolume
GamutVolumeDiff.
80%
10%
53%
31%
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TheoreticalBasis• CRF(CumulativeRelativeFrequencyof∆E00) andthe95th percentile∆E00‡betweenadjacentCRPCsareunequal.
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CRF(CRPC1-CRPC2)
(CRPC2-CRPC3)
(CRPC3-CRPC4)
(CRPC4-CRPC5)
(CRPC5-CRPC6)
(CRPC6-CRPC7)
95th percentile ∆E 00
(CRPC1-CRPC2) 7.24(CRPC2-CRPC3) 6.56(CRPC3-CRPC4) 9.86(CRPC4-CRPC5) 4.18(CRPC5-CRPC6) 3.26(CRPC6-CRPC7) 4.03
‡ CRFandthe95th percentile∆E00 areadoptedbyCGATSTR016toassesscolorimetricalcolordifferenceandprintconformance.
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Method
• Chooseonereferenceprintingcondition– CRPC4• Producevariationsfromthisreferenceprintingcondition
1) gamutchangesonly,thusmaintainingCCA2) alterationsofoneorcombinationofhueanglesofsolids,grey
balance,andtonereproduction,thusviolatingCCA
Anyoftheabovedatasets,1)and2)maybealteredinitsdevicespacetoproducethesamecolorimetricdifference.
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Approach:varyprintingconditionstoselectivelyaltergamut,tonereproductionandgraybalance
• Measurechangesasequalstepsusing95th percentile∆E00• (Othercolorspacescanpotentiallybeused)
• PrintimagesselectedbytheCIETC8-16ondifferentsubstratesincludingOBA• ConductpsychometrictestsaskingobserverstoidentifyimageswithCCAfrommultiplevariationsofthesamesceneanddifferentscenes• ProposeaCCAscale• PresentattheTC8-16meeting
FromFedorovskaya,Chung,Hunter,Urbain,TAGA2017
EXAMPLEOFCOLORDATASETCHANGES
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AlteringTonereproductionofthereferenceCRPC4datasetwhilemaintaininggamutvolumeandgraybalanceusing95th percentile∆E00 asashiftparameter
• CRPC4vs.CRPC4(Tonereproductionaltered)• Differenttonereproduction• Samegamutvolume,95th percentile∆E00,andgraybalance
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Gamutchangewithconstanttonereproductionandgreybalance.VerificationoftheAlteredDatasettoCRPC4• CRPC4vs.CRPC4(Small)
• Differentgamutvolume• Same95th percentile∆E00,tonereproduction,andgraybalance[Darkness=100– L*]
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Definitionsusedintheexperiment
• Consistencyofcolourappearanceisdefinedasthedegreeofvisualconsistencyand/orsharedvisualappearancethatasetofimagespossessesalbeitapresenceofvisualdifferences.• Thisconsistencyvariesaccordingtoprintingconditionsandcanbeaffectedbypapersubstrates,inks,environments,printingdevicesandprintingparameters,suchas,forexample,colourbalanceandcolourgamut,amongothers.• Thisconsistencyofcolourappearanceisanattributeofanimagesetthatmakestheimagesfromthesetbelongtothesamefamilytoavaryingdegree.• Thisdefinitionisappliedtothesamesceneprintedindifferentprintingconditions,andalsotothedifferentscenesprintedinsimilarprintingconditions.Inthelattercasethesedifferentscenescaninvokeasensethattheywereallprintedaccordingtothesamespecifications,includingthedevicegamut,inks,andtheprinter.
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• Observersarepresentedwithtwocontrolimages(blue),andtwoof3testimages(yellow)differinginTR,GBorNone,ofthesamescene.• Observersareaskedtoselectatestimagethatappearstoyieldmorecolorconsistencyinthetriplet.• Therearethreepairsperscene.• Eightscenesaretested.
Test_2
Control_1(small)
Control_2(Large)
Test_1
ExampleexperimentalproceduretotestCCAforasinglescene
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ExampleofexperimentalproceduretotestCCAofmultiplescenes• Observersarepresentedwithsevencontrolimages(blue)ofdifferentscenes.• Observersareaskedtoselectoneofthethreetestimages(yellow)thatappearstoyieldmorecolorconsistency.• Eightscenesaretested.• 12Observersparticipatedinbothexperiments
Scene_3(CRPC4)
Scene_1(CRPC4)
Scene_5(CRPC4)
Scene_2(CRPC4)
Scene_6(CRPC4)
Scene_4(CRPC4) Test_1
Scene_7(CRPC4)
Test_2 Test_3
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Roman16_02_midtoneGRAYBALANCE TONEREPRODUCTION CRPC4
GRAYBALANCE 29 34TONEREPRODUCTION 7 33CRPC4 2 3
Exampleofdataanalysis.PairedComparisonoftestimagesforthesamescene.• Foreveryscene,pairedcomparisondatawerecollectedasa3x3matrixacrossparticipants.Eachlocationisthenumberoftimestheimageinthejth columnwaschosenovertheimageintheith row.• Forexample,theCRPC4imageischosenovertheGB-alteredimage34timeswheretheGB-alteredimageischosenonlytwiceovertheCRPC4image.
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ColorConsistencyvsDevice-based95th percentile∆E00
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CRPC40
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ColorConsistency(pairedcomparisonexperiment)
ColorConsistencyvsDevice-based95thpercentile∆E00
R2=0.99
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Studymilestones
• CharacterizeprintingconditionsvariationsanddevelopICCprofiles–September– October2017• Produceexperimentalimagesets- November2017• Runpilotexperiments- December2017• Finalizetestingmethodologyandconductmainexperiment- January- February2018• Analyzeexperimentaldata– February- March2018• Presentresults- March-April2018• Submitpaper– April-May2018