7/r UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION

figiNUFACTURED GRANITE: WORKERS AND FORMER WORKERS OF

JOSEPH WEISS & SONS, INC. , BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Report to the President on Investigation No. TEA-W-258

Under Section 301(c)(2) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

ITC Publication 718 Washington, D.C.

March 1975

UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION

COMMISSIONERS

Catherine Bedell, Chairman Joseph 0. Parker, Vice Chairman Will E. Leonard, Jr. George M. Moore Italo H. Ablondi Daniel Minchew

Kenneth R. Mason, Secretary to the Commission

Address all communications to United States International Trade Commission

Washington, D. C. 20436

CONTENTS

Page

Report to the President 1 Finding of the Commission 2 Views of Chairman Bedell and Commissioner Moore 3 View of Commissioner Minchew 6 View of Commissioner Leonard 9

Information obtained in the investigation: Description and uses A-1 Fabrication methods A-2 U.S. tariff treatment A-3 U.S. consumption A-4 U.S. producers A-5 U.S. shipments, inventories, and exports A-6 U.S. imports A-7 Prices A-9 Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc * * *

Statistical appendix A-18

Appendix Tables

1. Granite, manufactured, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone: U.S. imports for consumption, by prin-cipal sources, and rates of duty, 1934-73, January- September 1973, and January-September 1974 A-19

2. Manufactured granite, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone (TSUS item 513.74): Shipments by U.S. producers, U.S. imports for consumption, and apparent con-sumption, 1969-73 A-21

3. Facing and paving granite: Shipments by U.S. producers, U.S. imports for consumption, and apparent consumption, 1969-73 A-22

4. Construction contracts for nonresidential buildings in the United States, specified years 1960 to 1973 A-23

5. Shipments by U.S. manufacturers of selected construction materials, specified years 1960 to 1972 A-24

6. Manufactured granite shipped or used by U.S. producers, by

use, 1969-73 A-25 7. Manufactured granite, suitable for use as monumental, paving,

or building stone (TSUS item 513.74): U.S. imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1969-73, January- September 1973, and January-September 1974 A-26

8. Unmanufactured granite, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone (TSUS item 513.71): U.S. imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1969-73, January-September 1973, and January-September 1974 A-27

REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT

U.S. International Trade Commission, February 18, 1975.

To the President:

In accordance with section 301 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

(TEA) (19 U.S.C. 1901), the U.S. International Trade Commission herein

reports the results of investigation No. TEA-W-258 made under section

301(c)(2) of the act to determine whether, as a result in major part of

concessions granted under trade agreements, articles like or directly

competitive with manufactured granite (of the types provided for in

item 513.74 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS)) pro-

duced by Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc., Brooklyn, N.Y., are being imported

into the United States in such increased quantities as to cause, or

threaten to cause, the unemployment or underemployment of a significant

number or proportion of the workers of such firm or an appropriate sub-

division thereof.

The investigation was instituted on December 30, 1974, on the

basis of a petition for adjustment assistance filed under section

301(a)(2) of the act on behalf of the workers and former workers of

Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc. The petition was received on December 17,

1974.

Notice of the investigation was published in the Federal Register

(40 F.R. 1139) on January 6, 1975. No public hearing was requested,

and none was held.

2

The information in this report was obtained principally from offi-

cials of Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc., a representative of the workers,

construction companies, contractors, questionnaires, and the Commis-

sion's files.

Finding of the Commission

On the basis of its investigation, the Commission finds

(Commissioners Leonard and Ablondi dissenting) that articles like or

directly competitive with manufactured granite (of the types provided

for in item 513.74 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States) pro-

duced by the aforementioned firm are, as a result in major part of

concessions granted under trade agreements, being imported into the

United States in such increased quantities as to cause the unemployment

or underemployment of a significant number or proportion of the workers

of such firm engaged in the production and installation of manufactured

granite.

3

Views of Chairman Bedell and Commissioner Moore 1/

This investigation conducted under section 301(c)(2) of the Trade

Expansion Act of 1962 (TEA) relates to a petition filed on behalf of

the workers and former workers of Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc., Brooklyn,

N.Y., under section 301(a)(2) of the TEA for a determination of their

eligibility to apply for adjustment assistance. The unemployed or

underemployed workers were engaged in the fabrication and installation

of granite.

In order to make an affirmative determination under section 301(c)

(2) of the TEA the Commission must find that each of the following four

criteria must be met:

1. Articles like or directly competitive with those produced by the workers are being imported in increased quantities;

2. The increased imports are in major part the result of concessions granted under trade agreements;

3. The workers concerned are unemployed or underemployed or are threatened with unemployment or underemployment; and

4. The increased imports, resulting in major part from trade-agreement concessions, are the major factor causing or threatening to cause the unemployment or underemployment of the workers.

1/ Vice Chairman Parker concurs-in the result.

4

We find that each of these criteria has been met and therefore, we

have made an affirmative determination.

In January 1975, the Commission made an affirmative determination

following a petition by the firm whose workers are the petitioners

herein. 1/ The facts with respect to the first two criteria relating to

concession-generated increased imports cited above are essentially the

same in this case as in the earlier firm investigation. This evidence

and our conclusions are contained in our statement of reasons in the

previous investigation. 2/

The workers are unemployed or underemployed

The evidence developed during this investigation showed certain

workers and former workers of Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc. engaged in the

fabrication and installation of granite are unemployed or underemployed.

During the period between 1970-1974, the average number of employees

engaged in fabricating and installing granite decreased from a high of

* * * in 1970 to * * * in 1972-73, and further declined to * * * in

1974. In 1974, the workweek of employees averaged * * * hours,

decreasing from * ** hours in 1973.

In view of the foregoing, it is clear that a significant number of

workers have been unemployed or underemployed within the meaning of the

statute.

1/ Manufactured Granite: Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc, . . ., Report to the President on Investigation No. TEA-F-67 . . TC Publication 713, 1975. Chairman Bedell, Vice Chairman Parker, and Commissioners Moore and Minchew found in the affirmative. Commissioners Leonard and Ablondi found in the negative.

2/ Ibid, pp. 4-5.

5

Increasing imports are the major factor causing or threatening to cause the unemployment or underemployment

Beginning in 1972, a causal connection existed between increased

imports of manufactured granite, principally facing and paving, and the

unemployment or underemployment of the workers of Joseph Weiss & Sons,

Inc., fabricating and installing manufactured granite. A substantial

part of these increasing imports entered the principal market areas

served by Joseph Weiss & Sons. In seeking contracts the firm was

frequently underbid by importers of facing and paving granite. The

direct and indirect impact of concession generated increased imports of

manufactured granite was the major factor causing a reduction in the

firm's production of facing and paving granite which in turn resulted

in the unemployment and underemployment of certain of its workers.

Conclusion

Based on all the evidence we find that articles like or directly

competitive with manufactured granite produced by Joseph Weiss & Sons,

Inc., are, as a result in major part of concessions granted under trade

agreements, being imported into the United States in such increased

quantities as to be the major factor causing or threatening to cause

the unemployment or underemployment of workers and former worker's of

such firm engaged in the fabrication and installation of manufactured

granite.

View of Commissioner Minchew

In response to the petition filed on behalf of the workers of

Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc., Brooklyn, N.Y., for a determination of

their eligibility to apply for adjustment assistance under sections

301(c)(2) and (3) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (TEA), I have

concluded that the statutory requirements set forth in sections

301(c)(2) and (3) of that act are met and, accordingly, I have made

an, affirmative determination.

Sections 301(c)(2) and (3) of the TEA state that--

(2) In the case of a petition by a group of workers for a determination of eligibility to apply for adjustment assistance under chapter 3, the Tariff Commission shall promptly make an investiga-tion to determine whether, as a result in major part of concessions granted under trade agreements, an article like or directly competitive with an article produced by such workers' firm, or an appropriate sub-division thereof, is being imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to cause, or threaten to cause, unemployment or underemployment of a significant number or proportion of the workers of such firm or subdivision.

(3) For purposes of paragraphs (1) . . . , increased imports shall be considered to cause, or threaten to cause, serious injury to a firm or unem- ployment or underemployment, as the case may be, when the Tariff Commission finds that such increased imports have been the major factor in causing or threatening to cause, such injury or unemployment or underemployment.

The relevant facts are as follows:

(1) A petition was received by the Commission on December 17, 1974.

(2) The Commission instituted an investigation on December 30, 1974.

(3) The investigation revealed that the imported articles most nearly like those produced by the petitioning firm (i.e.., manufactured granite facing) are entered under TSUS item 513.74, and statistics further reveal that imports of

7

TSUS item 513.74 have increased from 366,000 cubic feet in 1969 to 566,000 cubic feet in 1973 (with a high point of imports being reached at a level of 826,000 cubic feet in 1972). Statistics for the first 9 months of 1974 (186,000 cubic feet) indicate a decline in imports for that year.

(4) The rate of duty on manufactured grainte (TSUS item 513.74) was reduced from 11 percent ad valorem in 1968 to 6 percent ad valorem effective January 1, 1972, as a result of the five-stage concession granted in the sixth (Kennedy) Round of trade negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

(5) The investigation established that in the 10-year period prior to 1963, the domestic and imported shipments of manufactured granite were in a relatively stable ratio, with the domestic industry supplying approximately 96 percent and the importing industry supplying approximately 4 percent.

(6) The investigation indicated that beginning in 1964 practically all the growth in the domestic market was taken by imports.

(7) The investigation elicited from the petitioner the statistic that its sales of items similar to those imported under TSUS item 513.74 decreased from * * * cubic feet in 1970 to * * * cubic feet in 1974.

(8) The investigation verified that a number of bids the petitioning firm lost went to installers using imported manufactured gran-ite.

(9). The investigation showed that the average annual number of work-ers producing building granite during the period 1970-74 declined * * * percent and that the annual man-hours worked in the fabrication of building granite declined from * * * hours in 1970 and 1971 to * * * hours in 1974.

My treatment of the statutory requirements in the recent Commission

determination in the firm case 1/ involving the same firm and products as

are presented by this workers' petition is equally applicable to the case

at hand and will, therefore, not be repeated. One requirement that is

different in a worker's case, that there be unemployment or underemploy-

ment or the threat thereof, is clearly met by the facts revealed in the

1/ Manufactured Granite: Joseph Weiss j Sons, Inc., . . . , Report to the President on Investigation-No. TEA-F-67 . . . , TC Publication 713, 1975.

8

investigation, which show a decrease in man-hours worked and a decline

in employment of workers producing building granite. The requirement

that increased imports be the major factor causing unemployment or

underemployment or the threat thereof is met for the same reasons set

out in my analysis of the parallel statutory requirement for firm cases.

Therefore, I have concluded that the statutory requirements are

met for an affirmative determination in this case.

9

View of Commissioner Leonard 1/

In order to make an affirmative determination under section

301(c)(2) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (TEA), each of the

following four statutory criteria must be met:

(1) Articles like or directly competitive with those pro-duced by the workers are being imported in increased quantities;

(2) The increased imports are in major part the result of concessions granted under trade agreements;

(3) The workers concerned are unemployed or underemployed or are threatened with unemployment or underemployment; and

(4) The increased imports, resulting in major part from trade-agreement concessions, are the major factor causing or threatening to cause the unemployment or underemployment of the workers.

In the recent firm case 2/ before the Commission involving the same

firm and products under consideration in this case, I reached a negative

determination. In the instant worker case, I must also reach a nega-

tive determination, based on the insufficiency of the facts before me

to satisfy the fourth criterion described above. In other words, any

increased imports of manufactured granite that may be the result in

major part of trade agreement concessions are not the major factor cause

ing or threatening to cause the unemployment or underemployment of the

workers of Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc. The reasoning in support of my

1/ Commissioner Ablondi concurs in the result. 2/ Manufactured Granite: Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc., . . ., Report

to the President on Investigation No. TEA-F-67 . . TC Publication 713, 1975.

10

1/ negative determination in the firm case— is equally applicable to

a negative determination in this worker case. In essence, it was

not imports that had the major impact on the firm and, thus, it was

not imports that had the major impact on the firm's workers.

1/ Ibid., pp. 13-14.

A-1

INFORMATION OBTAINED IN THE INVESTIGATION

Description and Uses

Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc., is engaged in the fabrication and sale

of monumental granite, granite facing stone, and marble facing stone,

and in the sale of limestone facing.

Granite is a crystalline igneous rock of such durability when

exposed to the elements that it is desired by many for monumental, pav-

ing, and building purposes. In general, it is a mixture of quartz,

feldspar, and mica or hornblende, without any regular arrangement of

crystals and with a grain size varying from coarse to fine. The colors

vary from almost white to black, according to the color of the con-

tained feldspar and/or mica. The principal commercial colors are light

gray, dark gray, pink, red, and olive green.

Granite is processed into blocks, slabs, or pieces individually

cut to size and/or shape. The term "manufactured granite," as used in

this report, applies to granite that has been processed beyond its

rough quarried condition and is suitable for use as monumental, paving,

or building stone.

Manufactured granite is used primarily in the following ways:

(1) As an exterior facing material, usually with a thickness of 3

inches or less; (2) as paving, which consists usually of slabs up to

3 inches in thickness used for sidewalks and patios; (3) for the manu-

facture of monuments, i.e., headstones, grave markers, mausoleums, and

A-2

statuary articles; (4) as curbing, used along streets, highways, and

bridges to maintain the integrity of sidewalks or borders; and (5) as a

heavy construction,load-bearing material for walls, foundations,

bridges, and so forth. Facing and paving granite is selected for its

color and texture, as specified by the architect. Granite quarried for

monumental purposes must be of superior quality--free from blemishes

and having uniform color and texture. Appearance is less important for

granite selected as curbing; such stone is usually gray in color and of

a quality that will allow proper splitting to form the desired product.

Durability is the essential characteristic of granite selected as con-

struction material.

The chief alternatives to manufactured granite include all stone'

(marble, limestone, and sandstone) capable of being used for the same

purposes. Other materials which are substitutable for granite in cer-

tain uses are concrete, concrete articles, brick, metal and ceramic

veneers, and glass.

Fabrication Methods

After being quarried, 1/ most rough granite blocks are trans-

ported to fabricaing mills specifically designed to produce manufac-

tured granite. In the mills, wire saws made of hard steel wires about

one-fourth inch in diameter are passed over the rough granite blocks

carrying a silicon carbide abrasive. The stone is cut by the wire

using the abrasive as the cutting agent. Gang saws, which are a group

1/ Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc., does not quarry granite.

A-3

of steel blades set in a frame and having a backward and forward motion,

are also used. After the block of granite is placed beneath the frame,

water and certain types of abrasives are fed to the blades, imparting

numerous parallel cuts. The slabs of various thicknesses are then fur-

ther processed according to end use. Those that will be used as facing

are finished and polished on one side and cut to dimension by diamond

saws. Stone for monumental use is of various thicknesses and is cut

and fabricated according to specific design.

U.S. Tariff Treatment

The Tariff Act of 1930 established under paragraph 234(a) an

import duty of 60 percent ad valorem on manufactured granite suitable

for use as monumental, paving, or building stone. Pursuant to succes-

sive trade-agreement concessions beginning in 1935, the applicable

rates of duty have been reduced substantially. The column 1 rate of

duty currently (1975) in effect on granite suitable for use as monumen-

tal, paving, or building stone, item 513.74 of the TSUS, is 6 percent

ad valorem, reflecting the final stage, effective January 1, 1972, of

the five-stage concession granted in the sixth (Kennedy) round of trade

negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

The effective dates of the column 1 rates of duty applicable to

the aforementioned articles under the Tariff Act of 1930, as modified

in the trade-agreement concessions, are shown in table 1 in the appendix.

Under the Tariff Act of 1930, imports of unmanufactured granite

suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone were dutiable

at a rate of 25 cents per cubic foot. Pursuant to successive trade-

A-4

agreement concessions beginning in 1935, the applicable rates of duty

have been reduced, and the duty-free status of unmanufactured granite

under the column 1 rate of duty was provided for in the first stage,

effective January 1, 1968, of the Kennedy Round (TSUS item 513.71).

U.S. Consumption 1/

During the period 1954-63, annual U.S. consumption of manufactured

granite remained about the same in quantity. Imports and domestic ship-

ments accounted for about the same relative proportions. Annual con-

sumption during the period 1964-73 increased substantially, with

imports accounting for nearly all of the increase through 1972; domes-

tic production accounted for most of the increase in 1973.

Apparent U.S. consumption of manufactured granite decreased from

7.9 million cubic feet in 1969 to 7.3 million cubic feet in 1970, then

steadily increased to 8.4 million cubic feet in 1973. The share of

U.S. consumption supplied by imports rose steadily from about 5 percent

in 1969 to nearly 11 percent in 1972, but then declined to about 7 per-

cent in 1973 (table 2).

During the period 1969-73, estimated apparent consumption of

facing and paving granite, the principal products of Joseph Weiss &

Sons, Inc., accounted for about a quarter of apparent consumption of

manufactured granite. The U.S. annual consumption of these products

increased from 1.4 million cubic feet in 1969 to 2.0 million cubic feet

1/ Official statistics are not available on exports of manufactured granite; however, such exports are believed to be small. No estimates of exports have been used in calculating apparent consumption.

A-5

in 1971 but then decreased to 1.8 million cubic feet in 1973. Imports

of facing and paving granite 1/ expressed as a share of apparent con-

sumption increased from 23 percent in 1969 to 38 percent in 1972 but

then declined to 28 percent in 1973 (table 3).

U.S. consumption of facing and other building granite is dependent

primarily on the construction of nonresidential buildings. Construc-

tion contracts for nonresidential buildings increased about 160 percent

during the 1960-73 period, with contracts for commercial and hospital

construction accounting for the greatest growth (table 4). Table 5,

which shows U.S. producers' shipments of selected construction mate-

rials, indicates that consumption of all cut stone and stone products

has shown considerably less growth than that of various types of com-

petitive construction materials. Although granite accounted for the

greatest percentage of total cut stone and stone products consumed, its

percentage of total consumption decreased from 47 percent in 1960 to 44

percent in 1972.

U.S. Producers

The products involved in this investigation are manufactured by

two categories of domestic granite producers--quarrier-fabricators and

independent fabricators. Quarrier-fabricators extract the stone from

the quarry and perform various fabricating operations necessary to

prepare the stone for its ultimate use. The independent fabricators do

not operate quarries but fabricate purchased materials.

1/ Import statistics for facing and paving, granite were determined by an invoice analysis detailed in the U.S. imports section of this report.

A- 6

During the period 1969-73, manufactured granite was produced by

approximately 130 quarrier-fabricators and independent fabricators.

Five of them, i.e., those belonging to the National Building Granite

Quarries Association, Inc., accounted for about 75 percent of total

U.S. production of facing granite. Twenty-four producers accounted

for the bulk of the production of monumental granite.

U.S. Shipments, Inventories, and Exports

Annual U.S. shipments of manufactured granite decreased from 7.5

million cubic feet in 1969 to 6.8 million cubic feet annually in 1970-

72, then increased to 7.8 million cubic feet in 1973 (table 6).

Throughout the period 1969-73, shipments of facing and paving

granite were almost constant, rising from 1.1 million cubic feet in

1969 to 1.3 million cubic feet in 1973. In each of the years 1969-72,

shipments of such granite accounted for 15 to 20 percent of the total

shipments of all types of manufactured granite.

U.S. shipments of monumental granite during 1969-73 increased from

2.9 million cubic feet in 1969 to 3.3 million cubic feet in 1972 and

then declined to 3.2 million cubic feet in 1973. In the 1969-73 period,

such granite accounted for about 40 percent of total U.S. shipments of

manufactured granite.

Annual shipments of granite curbing decreased from 2.0 million

cubic feet in 1969 to 1.5 million cubic feet in 1972, then increased to

1.6 million cubic feet in 1973.

Data on yearend inventories of manufactured granite for the years

1969-73 are not available, but such stocks are known to be nominal.

A-7

Granite is usually quarried and fabricated to meet the requirements of

specific orders.

Official statistics are not available on exports of manufactured

granite; however, such exports are believed to be small.

U.S. Imports

Annual U.S. imports of manufactured granite (TSUS item 513.74)

increased from 366,000 cubic feet, valued at $4.0 million, in 1969 to

826,000 cubic feet, valued at $7.6 million, in 1972, representing

increases of 126 percent in quantity and 89 percent in value. However,

imports of such stone decreased in 1973 to 566,000 cubic feet, valued

at $6.2 million, representing decreases of 31 and 18 percent, respec-

tively (table 2). Imports of manufactured granite for January-Septem-

ber 1974 were 186,000 cubic feet, valued at $3.1 million. For the same

period in 1973, such imports were 453,000 cubic feet, valued at $4.5

million. The indication is that imports of such stone for all of 1974

will be substantially lower than those for 1973.

Imports of manufactured granite declined in 1973 and 1974 compared

with those in the 3 earlier years, for a variety of reasons: Ocean

freight rates have increased appreciably in recent years (more than 100

percent since 1972 from Italy--the principal foreign supplier of such

stone to the United States); (2) average unit values of manufactured

granite from Italy increased 146 percent from 1971 to 1974, an increase

which reflects a price which is still 36 percent below comparable U.S.

unit values; (3) builders are turning to facing material less expen-

sive than manufactured granite, such as concrete block and brick and

precast concrete products.

A-8

During the period 1969-73, the quantity of manufactured granite

imported, expressed as a percent of apparent consumption, rose from 4.6

percent in 1969 to a high of 10.8 percent in 1972 and then declined to

6.7 percent in 1973.

During 1969-73 Italy was by far the largest supplier of imported

manufactured granite, accounting for 44 to 75 percent of the total

quantity. Canada accounted for 50 to 75 percent of the remainder

(table 7). U.S. imports from Italy increased from 161,000 cubic feet,

valued at $1.8 million, in 1969 to 583,000 cubic feet, valued at $4.7

million, in 1972, then decreased to 418,000 cubic feet, valued at $4.0

million, in 1973. For January-September 1974, imports from Italy were

118,000 cubic feet, valued at $1.9 million. During the period 1969-73,

imports from Canada increased to a high of 150,000 cubic feet, valued

at $2.9 million, in 1970, then decreased to 106,000 cubic feet, valued

at $1.3 million, in 1973. Imports of manufactured granite from Canada

for January-September 1974 were 40,000 cubic feet, valued at $603,000.

During the period 1972 through July 1974, an average of 7 percent

of all manufactured granite imported from Italy, based on quantity,

entered the port of New York, N.Y. The largest amounts entered the

ports of Baltimore, Md. (22 percent), and Los Angeles, Calif. (32 per-

cent).

It has been reported to the Commission by various domestic pro-

ducers and fabricators that most of the manufactured granite imported

under TSUS item 513.74 has consisted of facing material fully fabri-

cated and ready for installation at the job site. An invoice analysis

of consumption entry papers representing 80 percent both of the

A-9

quantity and of the value of total imports of manufactured granite for

1973 disclosed that facing granite accounted for 91 percent of the

quantity and 87 percent of the value of all granite imported under

TSUS item 513.74; the great bulk of the remaining stone was monumental

granite.

As revealed by these data, estimated annual U.S. imports of facing

and paving granite increased continuously, from 333,000 cubic feet in

' 1969 to 752,000 cubic feet in 1972, or by 126 percent during the 3-year

period. However, such imports decreased to 515,000 cubic feet in 1973,

or by 32 percent. During the period January-September 1974, imports of

facing and paving granite were 169,000 cubic feet, compared with

412,000 cubic feet for the corresponding period in 1973.

Annual imports of unmanufactured granite (TSUS item 513.71) in the

period 1969-73 increased from 178,000 cubic feet, valued at $1.1 mil-

lion, in 1969 to 498,000 cubic feet, valued at $1.6 million, in 1972

and then decreased to 345,000 cubic feet, valued at $2.2 million, in

1973. 'U.S. imports of unmanufactured granite in January-September 1974

were 138,000 cubic feet, valued at $1.3 million, compared with 263,000

cubic feet, valued at $1.7 million, for the corresponding period in

1973 (table 8).

Prices

Typically, granite dimension stone--facing, monumental, and

curbing--is not sold on a cubic-foot basis. Sales of facing are made

by bidding to supply the stone needed for a given project. The bids

are dependent on--among other factors--the color, texture, finished

form, and volume of stone to be supplied; some bids provide for

dc+liut.ry to the Riff.- and others include delivery and installation.

A-10

Rough monumental granite is usually sold by the cubic foot;

dressed monumental granite is sold by the individual piece. Granite

curbing is produced in several standard sizes and types and sold by the

linear foot. Average unit values, as reported by producers to the U.S.

Bureau of Mines, for shipments of monumental granite and granite curb-

ing, are shown in the following table.

Monumental granite and granite curbing: Average unit values,

(Per ton)

1969-73

Year •

Monumental granite • 'Curbing

• •

Rough :Dressed

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

: :

: :

:

$61.36 :$204.09

85.80 : 292.68

57.05 : 255.03

39.25 : 306.82

39.29 : 317.50

: $29.83 : 36,24 : 36.95 : 47.82 : 56.53

Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines.

A-11 through A-17

Joseph Weiss & Sons, Inc.

A-18

STATISTICAL APPENDIX

A-19

Table 1.--Granite, manufactured, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone: U.S. imports for consumption, by principal sources, and rates of duty, 1934-73, January-September 1 97 3, and January-September 1974

(Quantity in thousands of cubic feet; value in thousands of dollar) • All :Total,all: Rate of duty Period ' Italy : Canada : Sweden : Finland' : other :countries:(percent ad valorem)

Quantity . • . .

1934 - : - : 1 : . 8 : 1 : 10 : 1935 1/ : 1/ : 13 : 2 : 15 : 60, 1936 3/ : - : 1/ : 1 : 14 : - : 15 : 1937 : - : 1/ : 1 : 35 : 1 : 37 : 1938 : 1/ - : 1 : 40 : - : 41 : 1939 3/ : T/, 1 : 1 : 24 : - : 26 :

. . 1940 : 1/ : _ 1/ : 1/ : 4 : - : 4 : 1941 : - : - : - : 1/ : 1 : 1 : 1942 : - : 1 : - : - ,: - : 1 : 1943 : - : 1 : - : - : - : 1 : 1944 : - : 1 : - : - : - : 1 : 1945 : - : 1 : - : 1/ : - : 1 : 1946 3/ : _ : 1/ : 1 : 13 : 3 : 17 : 1947 3/ : 1/ : 1 : 1 : 48 : 1 : 51 : 1948 3/ : T/ : 1/ : 2 : 13 : '9 : 24 : 1949 : 17 : 1/ : 2 : 12 : 5 : 19 :

. . • . • . . . 1950 3/ : 1/ : 1/ : 1 : 3 : 30 : 34 : 19513/ : - : T/ : 3 : 5 : 69 : 77 : 1952 87 : 2 : Ti : 3 : 8 : 27. : 40 : 195337 : 3 : 1 : 4 : 18 : 80 : 106 : 1954 3/ : 1/ : 1/ : 3 : 14 : 69 : 86 : 19551/ : 6 : 10 : 1 : 19 : 77 : 113 : 1956 3/ : 5 : 63 : 1 : 19 : 82 : 170 : 1957 / 1958 /

: :

8 : 5 :

11 : 1 :

2 : 3 :

19 : 23 :

62 : 31 :

102 0) 3 ::

1959 g/ 7 : 12 : 4 : 3 : 20 : 45 : 84 ; . . . . .

1960 3/ : 16 : 6 : 3 : 22 : 47 : 94 : 196117 ; 8 : 4 : 1 : 13 : 34 : 60 : 1962T/ : 3 : - 2 : 1 : 8 : 20 : 34 : 1963T/ : 7 : 19 : 1 : 3 : 6 : • 36 : 1964 r : 72 : 45 : 3 : . 18 : 17 : 155 ; 1965 , : 36 : 41 : 3 : 7 : 14 : 101 : 1966 , : 56 : 58 : 2 : 5 : 13 : 134 : 1967 : 64 : 85 : 4 : 12 : 8 : 173 : 1968 : 272 : 100 : 8 : 10 : 16 : 406 : 1969 : 161 : 138 : 14 ; 32 : 21 : 366 :

• . • . , • . . • 1970 : 250 : 150 : 7 : 13 : 23 : 443 : 1971 1972 :

394 : 583 :

141 : 146 :

6 : 16 :

16 : 13 :

189 : 68 :

746 : :

1973 : 418 : 106 : 4 : 5 : 33 : 566 : January-September-- : . . . . . .

1973 : 339 : 81 : 2 : 3 : 28 : 453 : 1974 : 118 : 40 : 2 ; 7 : 19 : 186 :

60 2/ 40 7/ 30 - 30

30 30

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 3q 30

6/ 2(15) • 15 15 15 15

7/ 14 8/ 13.5 5/ 12.5 12.5

12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5

10/ 11 10/ 10

10/ 8.5 10/ 7 0/ 6

6

6 6

See footnotes at end of table.

A- 20

Table 1.--Granite, manufactured, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone: U.S. imports for consumption, by principal sources, and rates of duty, 1934-73, January-September 1973, and January-September 1974--Continued

(Quantity in thousands of cubic feet; value in thous_ands of dollars) •

Period • Italy : Canada • Sweden : Finland' All :Total,all: Rate of duty

other :coUntries:(percent ad valorem)

Value

• ' • . • .

1934 - • - • 4 : 35 : 7 : 46 : 60

1935 : 11/ 2 : 54 : 6 : 62 : 60, 2/ 40

1936 : - • 1 : 5 : 56 : - : 62 : 4/ 30

1937 : - • 11/ : 6 : 162 : 11 : 179 : 30 1938 : 11/ : 4 : 194 : 2 : 200 : 30 1939 1 11/ : 2 : 6 : 115 : 4 : 127 : 30

. • • . .

1940 : 11/ : 11/ : 1 : 16 : 2 : 19 : 30 1941 : - : - : - : 11/ : 7 : 7 : 30 1942 : - : 4 : - : - : - : 4 : 30 1943 : - : 4 : - : - : 4 : 30 1944 : - • 5 : - : - : - : 5 : 30 1945 : - • 3 : - : 2 : - : 5 : 30 1946 : 11/ : 11/ : 15 : 113 : 11 : 139 : 30 1947 : 11/ : 5 : 26 : 449 : 5 : 485 : 30 1948 : 1 : 2 : 25 : 160 : 30 : 218 : 30 1949 : 2 : 2 : 23 : 22 : 18 : 67 : 30

. . . . 1950 1 : 1 : 13 : 23 : 114 : 152 : 5/ 20 1951 : - : 1 : 34 : 41 : 167 : 243 : 67 15 1952 : 7 : 5 : 36 : 77 : 276 : 401 : - 15 1953 : 13 : 11 : 36 : 156 : 449 : 665 : 15 1954 : 28 : 12 : 48 : 132 : 542 : 762 ': 15 1955 : 34 : 41 : 27 : 180 : 581 : 863 : 15 1956 : 30 : 165 : 23 : 177 : 811 : 1,206 : 7/ 14 1957 : 69 : 30 : 22 : 212 : 792 : 1,125 : i/ 13.5 1958 52 : 5 : 42 : 213 : 425 : 737 : ''',/ 12.5 1959 : 119 : 52 : 39 : 184 : 584 : 978 : — 12.5

. . . . . . 1960 : 105 : 34 : 50 : 181 : 593 : 963 : 12.5 1961 : 76 : 70 : 28 : 154 : 480 : 808 : 12.5 1962 : 243 : 55 : 77 : 183 : 499 : 1,057 : 12.S 1963 : 275 : 430 : 52 : 158 : 614 : 1,529 : 12.5 1964 : 476 : 590 : 60 : 178 : 291 : 1,615 : 12.5 1965 : 462-: 442 : 65 : 108 : 188 : 1,265 : 12.5 1966 : 475 : 408 : 58 : 69 : 146 : 1,156 : 12.5 1967 : 444 : 938 : 74 : 102 : 104 : 1,662 : 12.5 1968 : 1,450 : 1,309 : 94 : 127 : 135 : 3,115 : 10/ 11 1969 : 1,763 : 1,767 : 122 : 160 : 213 : 4,025 : 10/ 10

- . . . • . • . . 1970 : 3,374: 2,880 : 114 : 147 : 292 : 6,807 : 10/ 8.5, 1971 : 2,638 : 2,656 : 131 : 189 : 497 : 6,111 : 101 7 1972 : 4,663 : 2,074 : 123 : 168 : 582 : 7,610 : 10/ 6 1973 : 4,047 : 1,324 : 100 : 84 : 659 : 6,214 : 6 January-September-- . . . . .

1973 : 3,030 : 949 : 51 : 57 : 367 : 4,454 : 1974 : 1,936 : 603 : 37 : 97 : 425 : 3,098 : 6

. . 1/ Less than 500 cubic feet. 2/ R

•

ate of duty applicable to paving blocks was reduced to 40 percent Aug. 5, 1935. 3/ Paving blocks are not included in the quantities shown. 4/ Rate reduced Nov. 2, 1936. 5/ Rate reduced May 25, 1950. 6/ Rate redUced JUile' 6,- 1951. 7/ R

•

ate reduced June 30, 1956. 8/ Rate reduced June 30, 1957..

9/ Rate reduced June 30, 1958. 10/ R

•

ate reduced Jan. 1 of year shown. 11/ Les than $500.

Source: CoMpiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

A-21

Table 2.--Manufactured granite, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building, stone (TSUS item 513.74): Shipments by U.S. producers, U.S. imports for consumption, and apparent consumption, 1969-73

• ' Year : Shipments • . Imports

. Apparent

. consump-

.on . ti

:(percent) of : imports to :consumption

Quantity

1969 7,510 : 366 : 7,876 : 4.6 1970 6,847 : 443 : 7,290 : 6.1 1971 6,764 : 746 : 7,510 : 10.0 1972 6,842 : 826 : 7,668 : 10.8 1973 7,834 : 566 : 8,400 : 6.7

Value

1969 : 44,858 : 4,025 : 48,883 : 8.2 1970 : 45,517 : 6,807 : 52,324 : 13.0 1971 : 38,538 : 6,111 : 44,649 : 13.7 1972 : 42,641 : 7,610 : 50,251 : 15.1 1973 45,960 : 6,214 : 52,174 : 12.0

Source: Shipments compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of the Interior; imports compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Note.--Data on exports are not available.

(Quantity in thousands of cubic feet; value in thousands of dollars) . . . Ratio

A-22

Table 3.--Facing and paving granite: Shipments by U.S. producers, U.S. imports for consumption, and apparent consumption, 1969-73

(Quantity in thousands of cubic feet; value in thousands of dollars) . . : Ratio

Year Ship-

ments 1/ • . Apparent 'Imports 2/ . consum- : — : p

tion

: (percent) of . imports to

: consumption

Quantity

• . • . : 1969 1,091 : 333 : 1,424 : 23.4 1970 : 1,313 : 403 : 1,716 : 23.5 1971 : 1,346 : 697 : 2,043 : 34.1 1972 : 1,225 : 752 : 1,977 : 38.0 1973 : 1,333 : 515 : 1,848 : 27.9

Value

1969 : 3/ : 3,502 : 3/ 3/ 1970 : 3/ : 5,922 : 3/ . 3/ 1971 : 37 : 5,317 : 3/ 3/ 1972 : 3/ : 6,621 : 3/ : 3/ 1973 : 3/ : 5,406 : 3/ 3/

1/ Partly estimated. 2/ Based on invoice analysis of 1973 imports by the Commission. 3/ Not available.

Source: Shipments compiled and partly estimated from official sta-tistics of. the U.S. Department of the Interior; imports compiled and partly estimated from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Note.--Data on exports are not available.

A-23

Table 4.--Construction contracts for nonresidential buildings in the United States, specified years 1960 to 1973

Class of construction 1960 1965 •

1970

: : Million :

: Million :

: Million

dollars dollars dollars

Total : 12,239 : 17,221 : 24,455 Commercial : 3,725 : 5,457 : 9,056 Industrial : 2,114 : 3,064 : 3,664 Educational and science : 3,005 : 4,164 : 5,253 Hospital : 832 : 1,515 : 2,811 Public buildings : 679 : 842 : 1,007 Religious : 789 : 783 : 575 Social and recreational : 631 : 800 : 1,137 Miscellaneous : 464 : 596 : 952

1972 : 1973 : Percentage change, • : 1973 over 1960 : Million : Million : : dollars : dollars :

Total : 27,020: 31,761 : +159 Commercial : 11,369 : 13,040 : +250 Industrial : 3,005 : 4,775 ; +126 Educational and science : 4,760 : 5,121 : +70 Hospital : 3,516 : 3,325 : +300 Public buildings : 1,490 : 2,025 : +198 Religious : 640 : 708 : -10 Social and recreational : 1,237 : 1,527 : +142 Miscellaneous : 1,003 : 1,240 : +167

Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1969 and 1974.

A-24

`Table 5.--Shipments by U.S. manufacturers of selected construction materials, specified years 1960 to 1972

Product 1960 ' 1963 : 1967

: : Million :

: .

Million : : .

Million dollars dollars dollars

Concrete block and brick : 457 : 505 : 550 Precast concrete products

except pipe : 336 : 297 : 342

Ready-mixed concrete : 1,869 : 2,293 : 2,684

Gypsum products : 382 : 425 : 388 Brick and structural clay tile---: 360 : 325 : 400 Cut stone and stone products 1/--: 216 : 217 : 236

1969 : •

1972 : : Percentage change,

1972 over 1960 Million : Million :

: dollars : dollars : • •

Concrete block and brick 668 : 779 : +70

Precast concrete products except pipe : 2/ 419 : 528 : +57

Ready-mixed concrete : 2,931 : 3,444 : +84

Gypsum products : 472 : 583 : +53

Brick and structural clay tile---: 401 : 480 : +33

Cut stone and stone products 1/--: 244 : 280 : +30

1/ Products of establishments engaged in cutting, shaping, and finish-ing marble, granite, slate, or other stone for building and miscellane-ous purposes.

2/ Estimated.

Source: Census of Manufactures, 1967 and 1972, and Annual Survey of

Manufactures, 1968 and 1969.

A-25

Table .--Manufactured granite shipped or used by U.S. producers, by use, 1969-73

(In thousands of cubic feet)

Use 1969 : 1970 : 1971 : •

1972 : •

1973

Facing and paving : 1,091 : 1,313 : 1,346 : 1,225 : 1,333 Monumental : 2,865 : 2,684 : 2,633 : 3,291 : 3,227 Curbing : 1,973 : 1,870 : 1,818 : 1,537 : 1,610 Other : 1,581 : 980 : 967 : 789 : 1,664

Total : 7,510 : 6,847 : 6,764 : 6,842 : 7,834

Source: Compiled and partly estimated from official statistics of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

Note.--Value by use is not available, since value is dependent on the amount of fabrication completed on the stone. Total value for each of the years shown was as followS (in thousands of dollars):

1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

44,858 45,517 38,538 42,641 45,960

A-26

Table 7.--Manufactured granite, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone (TSUS item 513.74): U.S. imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1969-73, January-September 1973, and January-September 1974

• Period Italy : Canada : Finland • Other • Total

Quantity (1,000 cubic feet)

1969 : 161 : 138 : 32 : 35 : 366 1970 : 250 : 150 : 13 : 30 : 443 1971 394 : 141 : 16 : 195 : 746 1972 583 : 146 : 13 : 84 : 826 1973 : 418 : 106 : 5 : 37 : 566 January-September--

1973 339 : 81 : 3 : 30 : 453 1974 113 : 40 : 7 : 21 : 186

Value (1,000 dollars)

• 1969 - : 1,763 : 1,767 : 160 : 335 : 4,025 1970 : 3,374 : 2,880 : 147 : 406 : 6,807 1971 : 2,638 : 2,656 : 189 : 628 : 6,111 1972 : 4,663 : 2,074 : 168 : 705 : 7,610 1973 : 4,047 : 1,324 : 84 : 759 : 6,214 January-September--

1973 3,030 : 949 : 57 : 418 : 4,554 1974 : 1,936 : 603 : 97 : 462 : 3,098

Average unit value 1/ (per cubic foot)

1969 010.95 : $12.82 : $4.93 : $9.57 : $10.99 1970 : 13.48 : 19.21 : 11.72 : 13.53 : 15.37 1971 : 6.70 : 18.78 : 12.14 : 3.22 : 8.20 1972 : 8.00 : 14.23 : 13.06 : 8.34 : 9.22 1973 : 9.69 : 12.49 : 17.55 : 20.51 : 10.98 January-September-,-

1973 8.93 : 11.71 : 18.03 : 13.93 : 10.05 1974 : 16.48 : 15.17 : 13.85 : 22.00 : 16.65

1/ Based on exact (i.e., unrounded) figures.

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

A-27

Table 8.--Unmanufactured granite, suitable for use as monumental, paving, or building stone (TSUS item 513.71): U.S. imports for consumption, by principal sources, 1969-73, January-September 1973, and January-September 1974

Period : Republic : . • •

: Canada : of South : Sweden : Other : Total : : Africa : • •

Quantity (1,000 cubic feet)

1969 : 90 : 34 : 15 : 39 : 178 1970 : 93 : 41 : 11 : 44 : 189 1971 112 63 : 13 : 97 : 285 : : 1972 : 115 : 61 : 33 : 289 : 498 1973- : 130 : 118 : 22 : 75 : 345 January-September--

1973 : 98 : 87 : 13 : 65 : 263 1974 : 71 : 25 : 9 : 33 : 138

Value (1,000 dollars)

. •

. . : . 1969 : 679 : 108 : 126 : 182 : 1,095 1970 : 718 : 144 : 74 : 211 : 1,147 1971 : 734 : 295 : 101 : 265 : 1,395 1972 : 770 : 309 : 107 : 390 : 1,576 1973 : 960 : 647 : 121 : 455 : 2,183 January-September-- : :

1973 : 720 : 521 : 78 : 367 : 1,686 1974 : 572 : 346 : 103 : 235 : 1,256

Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce.