Unconventional Science
Transcript of Unconventional Science
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Unconventional Science
RL J ones
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Dstl 2001
20 April 2005 Dstl is part of theMinistry of Defence
Horizon Scanning
For MOD to maintain its technical excellence and retainits position of superiority a keen awareness of newtechnologies is essential.
90% of the technology developments are outside theMod funded arena.
Developments of current technologies are emergingconstantly, and these form a significant part of thedefence superiority retention.
However, in order to identify disruptive technologies it isprudent to look outside the box, and it is only here thatthe high-risk high-gain developments will be found.
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Some Examples of Unconventional
Science Cold Fusion (Low Energy Nuclear Reactions)
Bio-communication
Water Memory
Casmir Force
Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanofibres
Podkletnovs Gravity Shielding
Asymmetric Capacitors
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Cold Fusion (Low Energy Nuclear
Reactions) Original concept by Fleishman and
Pons in 1988 entailed fusion of
deuterium nuclei in a palladium latticeby electrolysis of heavy water
claimed the heat produced was inexcess of that generated by energy
input. Ability to harness energy at room
temperature would have majorimplications.
US DOE study Work criticised as poor science,
experimental errors
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Transmutation Y Iwamura et al
Iwamura LENR transmutationexperiment in 2002 lessambiguous using XPS.
Cs transmutated to Pr an
increase in A.W of 4 protons and4 neutrons following gaseousdeuterium diffusion
Ref Iwamuraet al 10th IntConf on Cold Fusion
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Intercellular Communication
Communication between biologicalsystems is traditionally consideredin terms of chemical signalling,however:-
J apanese work claiming assistedaid growth of neighbouring cultureunder non growth conditionsattributed to sonic waves
Russian work claimingsympathetic death of a separatedculture via UV signalling
Suggest possibility of physicalsignalling
Ref Distant Intercellular Interactions in a system of twotissue cultures Psychoenergitic Systems 1(3) p141
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Water Memory Originated from J Beveniste claim
of persistent activity Billion folddilution of allergen.
1988 paper submitted to Nature.
More recent work claimed theability to transfer activity to purewater by EM/RF effects.
Proposed that Memory of water iselectromagnetic in origin and thatelectromagnetic signals are basisof molecular communication.
Ref www.digibio.com
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Casimir Force
The force was postulated in 1948 by HCasimir when working for Phillips Labs oncolloidal dispersions.
In essence the field is a result ofsuppression of EM fields within a cavity.
Perfect vacuum at absolute zero has
fluctuating field of mean energy of halfenergy of a photon.
Plates 1cm^2 separated by 1micron
have Casimir force of 10-7 N
ie weight of small water droplet
a
L2
L1
A
AF =a240
4
2
c
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Hydrogen Storage in carbon
nanofibres New Scientist Dec 1996
Hydrogen-Powered cars could travel up to 8000kilometres on a single tank of gas thanks to a graphite
storage material developed by researchers at North-
Eastern University in Boston. US Patent Rodriguez et al.
Storage of Hydrogen In Layered Nanostructures.
Claims 50 - 70% hydrogen absorption at room temperature, 40 -120 bar.
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QinetiQ graphite nanostacks
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Gravity Shielding
In 1992 Podkletnov publishedresults of weight loss above asuperconducting disc, which wasmagnetically levitated and rotated
at several thousand rpm inpresence of magnetic field.
Showed weight loss of less than0.5% to 2% as spin increased.
Further paper accepted by JPhysica D in 1996 but withdrawn
NASA / Ning Li attempted toreplicate between 1996 and 2002
Ref www.holoscience.com/mws/antigravity
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Quartz G lassC ylinder,
Vacuumor gas filled
C onducting Tubecontaining liquid gas
(N2 ~ 90K or H2 ~ 40K)to maintain
superconductivity
MetalTarget(Anode)
DischargeC urrent ~ 10
4A
Length 0.15 - 0.4m
Inner Coilused to create
Type IIMagnetic Vortex
S tructure
Outer Coil1 s pulse
on discharge(0.9 T)
2 -LayerY BC O E mitter,
Dia = 80 - 120 mmThick = 7 - 15 mm
(Cathode)
High Voltage P ulsefrom Marx GeneratorC harge time = 120s
Discharge = 2 ms
Gravity Impulse
Beam
DangerZone
P odkletnov G ravity Impulse Generator
2 M V
Several s
1.5 m
1 m
pump
FaradayCage
P endulum
Bobvarious
materialsmetalglass
ceramicwoodrubberplastic
REPULSION
P endulum
Bobvarious
materialsmetalglass
ceramicwoodrubberplastic
REPULSION
UHFAbsorberScreen
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Boeing's Van de Graaff generator proposed for the
Podkletnov experiments [15].
Device could be used as aballistic missile shield.
Reported in J anes Defenceweekly in J une 2002 thatBOEING Phantom works had a
project entitled GRASP toreplicate claims.
No further reports
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Asymmetric Capacitors
Originates from the Biefield-Brown effect
When a high voltage ~30KV is applied to electrodes
of an asymmetric capacitor a net force is observed Brown was a lab technician and Biefield a Prof at
Denison Uni Ohio
Work dates back to 1920s when Brown wasexperimenting with a Coolidge tube.
Patents issued in 1927, 1957, 1960 by Biefield Brown
And more recently by NASA in J an 2002 and J une 2002
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Background
Basic Lifter Design
Slightly more complex ...
Huge !!
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Why are MOD interested?
Potentially a disruptive technology
Possible applications include Propulsion
Drag Reduction
Stealth
A full silent flight and no moving parts (no mobile surfacesreflecting radar waves)
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Current Dstl project
MaterialsDimensions
Wire height
Foil height
Length
(Weight)
Foil
Wire
Dielectric
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Current Project Aims
Attempt to fully understand the physics
Investigate how voltage/current & thrust are effected by:
Capacitor size/shape
Scaling effects
electrostatic field is a function of electrode geometry
geometry torroidial (doughnut) concentric rings separated by shields to
prevent ionic cross-over
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Current Dstl Lifter project
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Lifter Size
Length = 200 mm Length = 50 mm
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Wire height
Lifter IW3
d = 30mm
d = 25mm
d = 15mm
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Foil height
Lifter IW4
Foil height = 21 mmFoil height = 36 mm
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Modeling Electrostatic Field
Using MatLab PDE
Preliminary results show this could be useful
Can vary Capacitor geometry as it uses FE
Also vary input voltage
However, this is a static solution and as such limited
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Di l t i C t t
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Dielectric Constants
Material Dielectric constant
Helium 0.2
Air 1
Carbon Dioxide 1.8
Polystyrene 2.6
Paper 3
Glass 8
Water 78
Nitrogen 1.1
Barium Titanate 1,000
Di l t i li i lt
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Dielectric preliminary results
Air Stable lift: 0.25mA & 19.2KV
Nitrogen Stable lift: 0.31mA & 18KV (similar to air)
Helium No lift at 4.20mA & 12.8KV Steam
CO2
R lt V lt
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Results Voltage
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0W ir e He ig h t (m m )
V
oltage(KV)
IW 4, f oil he ight=40mm, 2.80g
IW 4, f oil he ight=36mm, 2.69g
IW 4, f oil he ight=32mm, 2.56gIW 4, f oil he ight=28mm, 2.45g
IW 4, f oil he ight=21mm, 2.29g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 3.16g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 3.66g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 4.22g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 4.72g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 5.16g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 5.66g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 6.16g
IW 3, f oil he ight=25mm, 1.35g
R lt C t
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Results Current
0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1
1 .2
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0
W ir e H e ig h t (m m )
Current(mA)
IW 4, f oil he ight=40mm, 2.80g
IW 4, f oil he ight=36mm, 2.69g
IW 4, f oil he igh t=32mm, 2.56g
IW 4, f oil he igh t=28mm, 2.45g
IW 4, f oil he igh t=21mm, 2.29g
IW 8, f oil he igh t=38mm, 3.16g
IW 8, f oil he igh t=38mm, 3.66g
IW 8, f oil he igh t=38mm, 4.22g
IW 8, f oil he igh t=38mm, 4.72g
IW 8, f oil he igh t=38mm, 5.16g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 5.66g
IW 8, f oil he ight=38mm, 6.16g
IW 3, f oil he ight=35mm, 1.35g
Results Power
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Results Power
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Wire Height (mm)
Power(W)
IW4, foil height=40mm, 2.80g
IW4, foil height=36mm, 2.69g
IW4, foil height=32mm, 2.56g
IW4, foil height=28mm, 2.45g
IW4, foil height=21mm, 2.29g
IW8, foil height=38mm, 3.16g
IW8, foil height=38mm, 3.66g
IW8, foil height=38mm, 4.22g
IW8, foil height=38mm, 4.72g
IW8, foil height=38mm, 5.16g
IW8, foil height=38mm, 5.66g
IW8, foil height=38mm, 6.16g
IW3
Results Mass v Power
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Results Mass v Power
0.0E+00
1.0E-03
2.0E-03
3.0E-03
4.0E-03
5.0E-03
6.0E-03
7.0E-03
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0
Po w er (W )
Weight(Kg)
IW4, L=40m m
IW4, L=35m m
IW4, L=30m m
IW4, L=25m m
IW8, L=44m m
IW8, L=40m m
IW8, L=35m m
IW8, L=30m m
IW3, L=20m m
IW3, L=25m m
IW3, L=30m m
Mass v wire height foil height and
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Mass v wire height, foil height and
currentMass v L *I* fo i l height
0.00E +00
1.00E-03
2.00E-03
3.00E-03
4.00E-03
5.00E-03
6.00E-03
7.00E-03
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Wire heigh t [ L ] * f o i l he igh t * cu r ren t (mm mm mA)
Lifterweight(Kg)
IW 8, L=44
IW 8, L=40
IW 8, L=35
IW 8, L=30
IW 4, L=40
IW 4, L=35
IW 4, L=30IW 4, L=25
IW 3, L=20
IW 3, L=25
IW 3, L=30
Weight measured on Balance
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Weight measured on Balance
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 5 10 15 20 25
Vo l t ag e (K V)
Weight(g) IW 8 + 6 .7 g , M i n w e i g h t
IW 8 + 6 .7 g , M a x w e i g h t
IW 8 , M i n w e i g h t
IW 8 , M a x w e i g h t
Results Summary
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Results - Summary
As capacitor plate spacing increases, V increases butcurrent density decrease therefore power required is less
variable. Asymmetry of capacitor plates less significant than thecapacitor plate spacing
The scale effect is not fully characterised as yet , there is anindication that a critical capacitor spacing is necessary.
Mass is a function of product of current capacitor spacing
and collector plate height
Observations
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Observations
The greatest force on capacitor is when small electrode ispositive.
The effect occurs in a dielectric medium (air)The effect is associated with onset of corona discharge
The force is independent of spatial orientation
The details of the physics of the effect is not understood
Observations (2)
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Observations (2)
Mechanism generally considered in terms of ionicmotion
However, has been shown that effect is independent
of voltage polarity Also calculations suggest that mass lifted by ionic
thrust is more than an order of magnitude less than
that observed.
Also weight loss observed prior to lifting
Unconventional Science
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Unconventional Science
Conclusions Unconventional science is by its very nature difficult to verify
If you do not understand the underlying science it is difficult to
know what are the important boundary conditions.
A large proportion of the claims made may be down to poor science/experimental procedure, a sub conscious willingness, nevertheless ifany are true then the consequences could be far reaching.
The initial benefit proposed may not be the major benefit
i.e. cold fusion limitless energy perhaps now radioactive wastedisposal
Any questions ?
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Any questions ?
Experimental Video Clips
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Experimental Video Clips