UNCLASSIFIED 1

SEADMC 2009 SEADMC 2009

Overview of Regional and Overview of Regional and International Disaster International Disaster

Management & Emergency Management & Emergency Response MechanismsResponse Mechanisms

2 December 2009

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Agenda

•Definitions•The Dilemma•Paradigms

–Organizational–Sectoral–Functional

•Where are we now?•Where are we going?

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Definitions

•Disaster Management – continuous process by which all individuals, groups, and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from the hazards

•Emergency Response – mobilization of emergency response capabilities to address the needs of the affected population

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Definitions

•Mechanism–A process, technique or system for achieving results

–Captured in: Plans Guidelines Procedures

–There are internal & external mechanisms Most of the internal mechanisms are well-developed

External mechanisms between systems are in various stages of development

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The Dilemma

•Are we better prepared and more capable today?–To respond to another occurrence of the December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunamis?

–To respond to a major disaster resulting from the explosion of Anak Krakatau volcano?

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Paradigms

•Organizational:–States (affected, assisting & transit)–Regional Organization(s)–Humanitarian

UN Agencies, Funds, & Programs International Organizations (IOs) Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement

–Civil Society (local)

Affected State

Military

National Disaster Management

Agency

OGAs

Assisting Nations (non-

regional)

Multinational Coordination

Center

UN Country TeamUNDAC / CMCoord

ASEANAHA

Centre / SASOPs

ASEANNations

InternationalHumanitarians

Paradigms

PIF

SAARC

AS

EA

N R

egio

nal

Fo

rum

CambodiaLaos

Myanmar

China* Japan*South Korea*

Australia

New Zealand

Canada US* Russia*EU

Papua New Guinea

IndiaPakistan, Sri Lanka,

Bangladesh

AS

EA

N

AS

EA

N +

3

Eas

t A

sia

Su

mm

it

AS

EA

N D

ialo

gu

e P

artn

ers

Chinese Taipei Hong KongChile Mexico Peru

Mongolia E.Timor France DPRK*

APEC

UK ItalyGermany

*6 Party TalksFPDA in Red

BIMSTEC in PurpleMPAT Underlined

Brunei IndonesiaMalaysia PhilippinesSingapore Thailand

Vietnam

Maldives Bhutan

Nepal

Cook Islands, FSM, Fiji, Kiribati, RMI, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Solomons, Samoa, Tuvalu, Tonga, Vanuatu

Paradigms

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Paradigms

•Functional–Disaster Risk Reduction

International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction

Development Efforts

–Disaster Response Local Emergency Management (fire, police, emergency medical)

Lead Emergency Management Agency International Search and Rescue Humanitarian Relief Organizations

Pre

-eve

nt

Po

st-e

ven

t

DisasterManagement

Needs

NeedsAssessments:

(Identify Needs and AvailableCapabilities & Resources)

Needs Analysis:Basic Needs

- Available ResourcesOutstanding Requirements

Appeals& RFAs:

•Outstanding Requirements

Relief / Donor Action:•Aid / Resource Delivery

InformationSharing

Crisis Emergency

Response

Prevention/

Mitigation

Prepa

redn

ess

Response

Rehab

ilita

tion

/ Rec

over

y

InformationSharing

Paradigms

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•Local / National Response•International Civilian Relief•International Governmental Relief

Need

for

Assis

tan

ce

Local / National Response

International Military Relief

International Civilian Relief

Time

Emergency Relief Phase

“Transition”Point

Rehabilitation / Reconstruction

Paradigms

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International-National (Strategic-Policy) Level

or

Applicable To All Crises

Operational (Planner) Level

or

Natural Disaster Related

Local (Field-Tactical) Level

or

Complex Contingency Related

Paradigms

Civil-Civil-Military Military DomainDomain

Civil-Civil-Civil Civil

DomainDomain

Military-Military-Military Military DomainDomain

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Paradigms

•Sectoral–Cluster Approach – a mechanism that can help to address identified gaps in response and enhance the quality of humanitarian action

Globally: strengthen system-wide preparedness and technical capacity to respond to humanitarian emergencies by ensuring that there is predictable leadership and accountability in all the main sectors or areas of humanitarian response

Nationally: strengthen humanitarian response by demanding high standards of predictability, accountability and partnership in all sectors or areas of activity

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Where are we now?

•Given the various ways of approaching disaster management & emergency response, organizational adjustments, promulgations of guidelines and mechanisms, activities and supporting efforts, are we better prepared?

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Disaster Relief SOP Matrix (draft as of: 22 March 2009)

Inclusive (applicable to

all)

UN-specific Humanitarian Community

Civil-Military Military SOPs Inter-governmental

Technical / Other Guidance / SOPs

Over-arching

Guidelines for the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (IFRC)

Basic Guidelin

es

UN General Assembly Resolution

46/182 of 19 Dec 1991

Sphere Handbook: Minimum Standards

in Disaster Response

UN CMCoord Concept

DPKO Civ-Mil Coordination

Policy

Status of Forces Agreements

(SOFAs)

International Search and Rescue Response

Manual (INSARAG Guidelines)

Tampere Convention

Operational Guidance on Designating

Sector/Cluster Leads in Ongoing

Emergencies

Use of Military or Armed Escorts for

Humanitarian Convoys

MPAT Program Multinational Force SOPs(MNF SOP)

ASEAN Agreement on

Disaster Management &

Emergency Response

Management of Dead Bodies in Disaster

Situations (PAHO/WHO,

undergoing revision)

Code of Conduct for Red Cross / Red Crescent &

NGOs

Suggested Guidance for Implementing InterAction’s

Minimum Operating Security Standards

Use of Military & Civil Defense Assets

in Intl Disaster Relief (Oslo Guidelines)

NATO Handbook

ARF Statement on Disaster

Management & Emergency Response

Management of Dead bodies After

Disasters: A Field Manual for First

Responders (WHO/PAHO)

Natural Disaster

s

WHO-PAHO Guidelines for

the Use of Foreign Field

Hospitals in the Aftermath of

Sudden-Impact Disasters

ARF Strategic Guidelines for

HADR

IASC Operational Guidelines on Human

Rights and Natural Disasters; IASC

Guidance Note on the Cluster Approach

ASEAN SASOP Charter On Cooperation To

Achieve The Coordinated Use Of

Space Facilities In The Event Of Natural Or

Technological Disasters

Complex Contin-gencies

UN in Iraq (08 MAY 03)

Manual on Humanitarian

Negotiations with Armed Groups

Civil-Military Relationship in

Complex Emergencies (IASC

Ref Paper)

DFID “How to Note” on Country

Governance Analysis

UN in Afghanist

an

Operational Protection in Camps

and Settlements

Guidelines onthe Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets To Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities

in Complex Emergencies

A Guide to the International Mine Action

Standard

UN in Liberia

Guidelines for Relations between US

Armed Forces and Nongovernmental

Humanitarian Organizations (NGHOs)

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ARF

PACOM & MPAT

TSD & OCHA

ASEANJuly 05

AADMER

24 July 08

15th ARFDec 04

Tsunami

MPAT

TE Series

HADR CONOPS Testing

ARF VDR ?

May 08

ARF DR TTX

ARFWorkplan?

ARDEX Series

09 Dec 08 &10-11 Dec 08

ARF Shepherds& ARF ISM DRBanda Aceh

July 06

ARF StatementDM&ER

SASOPS

AHA Centre

ARF HADR SOP ARF Strat Guidelines

ARF General Guidelines

ARF StbyArrangements ?

02 Aug 07

14th ARF

11-12 Sep 08

SAMAHAN TTX

02-03 Dec 08

TSD DRExperts Mtg

27 June 08

TSD JointStatement

Mar/ Apr 09

MPAT TE-16

AFP-US HADR CONOPS MNF SOP Regional CONOPS

Development

05-06 Nov 08

UN OCHAAPC-MADRO

UN Regional DRGuidelines

Development

30-31 Oct 07

UN OCHA

APC-MADRO

15-17 Jul 08

AUS-US HADRLogistics Mtg

11-13 Dec 07

AUS-US HADRLogistics Mtg

Aus-IndonesiaAPEC Proposal

UN CMCoordTrainingProgram

Nov 08 CambodiaStrategic Capacity Bldg

Framework for Disaster Managementand Emergency Response

AffectedState

AssistingStates

NonASEAN

HumanitarianCommunity ASEAN

Mechanisms

• Bilateral HA/DR CONOPS

• MNF SOP

• Cluster Approach

• SASOP

Mechanism

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Scenario Response System

AffectedState

AssistingStates

NonASEAN

HumanitarianCommunity ASEAN

How does everyone know?

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Where are we going?

•What will the future of disaster management and emergency response be?–Will we continue down the current path of incremental improvements?

–Will there be a move toward greater cohesion?

–Will there be a paradigm shift?

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Where are we going?

•What will the future of disaster management and emergency response be?–How will the role of major actors and stakeholders change (i.e., governments, humanitarians, regional and international organizations)?

–Who will be in charge?

UNCLASSIFIED

Discussion