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Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 2
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2: General Recommendations for all Breeds.................................. 3 Chapter 3: Breed Specific Commercial Dog Foods ...................................... 6
Chapter 4: Special Concerns for Breeds with a Tendency to Gain Weight Easily ...................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 5: Breed Specific Diet Considerations........................................... 10 A............................................................................................................... 11 B............................................................................................................... 66 C............................................................................................................. 155 D............................................................................................................. 210 E............................................................................................................. 227 F ............................................................................................................. 246 G............................................................................................................. 255 H............................................................................................................. 292 I .............................................................................................................. 298 J ............................................................................................................. 317 K............................................................................................................. 328 L ............................................................................................................. 344 M ............................................................................................................ 365 N............................................................................................................. 394 O............................................................................................................. 412 P............................................................................................................. 420 Q............................................................................................................. 470 R............................................................................................................. 470 S............................................................................................................. 481 T ............................................................................................................. 524 U............................................................................................................. 541 V............................................................................................................. 541 W............................................................................................................ 543 X............................................................................................................. 564 Y............................................................................................................. 564 Z ............................................................................................................. 568
Chapter 6: Conclusions.................................................................................. 568 Annexure I: Some Important Tables ............................................................ 568
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 3
Chapter 1: Introduction
Is it just me or have things gotten complicated in the dog food section of pet stores
recently? Walk up and down the aisles and you’re likely to find foods promoted as
being made specifically for toy, small, medium, large, and extra large dogs and even
for particular breeds. Gone are the days when dog owners simply had to pick
between several different brands of adult or puppy food.
Many pet owners are overwhelmed by the choices now available. Do you really
have to feed a food designed for Labrador Retrievers to your Lab, is a diet for large
breeds sufficient, or will any high quality dog food do the trick? Moreover, what in
the world is the owner of a Dachshund – Shih Tzu – Pug cross supposed to do?
The rational behind feeding different diets to different types of dogs seems to make
sense on the surface. After all, our canine friends come in a myriad of shapes, sizes,
personalities, and energy levels, should they really all eat the same thing? Also,
some breeds certainly do have a higher incidence of particular health problems,
some of which can be managed at least in part with food. Why not design a diet for
a breed that could address these concerns? Let’s take a look at the pros and cons
of all the different food choices that are now available to dog owners.
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Chapter 2: General Recommendations for all Breeds
The first thing to keep in mind is that despite all their breed-based differences, dogs
are still dogs. Yorkshire Terriers and Great Danes have more in common than their
outward appearances suggest. Therefore, certain recommendations apply to all
dogs regardless of their parentage.
ü Unless an owner is dedicated to feeding a nutritionally complete, home-
cooked food that is prepared from a recipe formulated by a veterinary
nutritionist, dogs should eat a complete and balanced, commercially prepared
food.
ü Because puppies have nutritional requirements that are different from adult
dogs, they need to eat food especially designed for them. Puppies that will
grow up to be over 50 pounds should eat large breed puppy food (more on
this later).
ü Most adult dogs should eat “adult” food, not an “all-life stages” food that has
been formulated to cover the relatively greater needs of growing puppies and
pregnant and nursing females. These “all stages” foods are too nutrient and
calorie dense for long-term feeding to many adult dogs.
ü Feed your dog an amount of food that keeps him slim.
ü Clean water needs to be available at all times.
Because all dogs, regardless of breed or size, do have similar basic dietary needs,
the Association of American Feed Control Officers (AAFCO) has developed nutrient
profiles for canine adult maintenance foods and diets designed for growth and
reproduction. These are the minimum standards that most pet food companies use
to formulate their products. If a dog food label claims that a product provides
“complete” or “balanced” nutrition (or something along those lines), the food must
meet AAFCO standards or have successfully completed a feeding trial. The
following table contains the AAFCO standards for some nutrients that are of frequent
interest to pet owners.
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Adult Maintenance
minimum
Growth and
Reproduction
minimum
Maximum for
both life
stages
protein
(% dry matter)
18 22 N/A
fat
(% dry matter)
5 8 N/A
calcium (Ca)
(% dry matter)
0.6 1 2.5
phosphorus (P)
(% dry matter)
0.5 0.8 1.6
Ca:P ratio 1:1 1:1 2:1
Be careful when comparing nutrient recommendations, which are presented on a dry
matter basis, and food labels, which are reported on an as fed basis. To convert
from as fed to dry matter, find the percent moisture that is reported on the label’s
guaranteed analysis, and subtract that number from 100. This is the percent dry
matter for the food. Next divide the nutrient percentage on the label that you are
interested in by the percent dry matter for the food and multiply by 100. The
resulting number is the nutrient percentage on a dry matter basis. For example, a
label might list the following in its guaranteed analysis:
• crude protein (min.) 21%
• crude fat (min.) 12%
• crude fiber (max.) 5%
• moisture (max.) 10%
To calculate the food’s protein level on a dry matter basis, your calculations in this
case would be 100-10=90 and then 21/90 x 100 = 23%. Converting nutrient levels to
a dry matter basis can also be used to compare foods containing very different
amounts of water (e.g., canned and dry formulations).
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 6
AAFCO has not developed nutrient profiles for dogs that fall into any category other
than adult maintenance or growth and reproduction. Therefore, when a company
claims that one of their foods is designed especially for “seniors,” “active” pets, or a
certain size or breed of dog, they are pretty much free to alter the nutrient profile of
the food in any way they want as long as it still meets the AAFCO standards for adult
maintenance or growth and reproduction. Owners need to understand that there are
no universally accepted criteria over what changes might make a food better for
certain sizes or breeds of dogs.
So, if AAFCO only has two nutrient profiles why do some food companies make so
many different kinds of food? There are probably two answers to this question. For
the cynics among us, the answer revolves around shelf space and marketing. If a
company only produces two types of food, they could easily be stocked on a small,
out-of-the-way shelf and a potential buyer might walk right by without even noticing
them. However, a company that makes many types of food requires a large display
that will more readily attract a consumer’s attention. Also, dog owners are more
likely to pay attention to advertising that focuses on a specific characteristic of their
pet, whether it be age, size, activity level, or breed.
On the other hand, remember that AAFCO’s nutrient profiles set only minimum
standards for what is an acceptable food for growth and reproduction or
maintenance. There is certainly room for improving the nutritional value of a dog
food by adding ingredients that are not recognized as essential by AAFCO but could
nonetheless provide some benefit, fine-tuning the amounts of particular nutrients
provided in the diet, or by using higher-quality ingredients. Owners should just keep
in mind that the food companies’ claims may be overstated and not backed up by
rigorous research.
Chapter 3: Breed Specific Commercial Dog Foods
Some food manufacturers have taken the concept of specialized foods one step
further by producing diets targeted towards individual breeds. What these
companies have done is to take a look at some popular breeds of dogs with common
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health problems that either are related to diet or can be managed at least to some
degree with food. For example, the Royal Canin Company makes a Miniature
Schnauzer formula and makes the following assertions:
The Miniature Schnauzer is a unique breed, with characteristics that
can benefit from precise, customized nutrition. Royal Canin Miniature
Schnauzer 25 addresses the Miniature Schnauzer’s needs – including
low fat coupled with L-Carnitine to reduce fat in the bloodstream as
well as the accumulation of cholesterol; sodium tripolyphosphate and
specialized kibbles to help reduce dental plaque and limit tartar
formation; and a patented complex of B vitamins, amino acids and
chelated minerals to reinforce the skin barrier and reduce
inflammation.
Miniature Schnauzers do indeed have a higher than normal incidence of increased
levels of fat in their bloodstream, and part of the treatment for this condition is to feed
a low fat food. However, it does not necessarily follow that all Miniature Schnauzers
should be fed a diet low in fat. If your dog does not have this condition, feeding a low
fat food is not beneficial, and may in fact be harmful if your pet has trouble
maintaining his weight. In addition, Miniature Schnauzers with high fat levels in their
bloodstream may need to eat a food that is even more fat restricted than is the Royal
Canin product to manage their condition successfully.
Royal Canin also makes foods for Boxers, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers,
German Shepherd Dogs, Cocker Spaniels, Bulldogs, Pugs, Dachshunds, Poodles,
Shih Tzus, Chihuahuas, and Yorkshire Terriers. Additionally, the company has
puppy, “baby dog,” weight control, senior, adult, indoor adult, indoor puppy, fussy
eater, and active formulations available in various weight categories. Wow!
What’s not to like? All of the claims made on behalf of these various diets sound
pretty good. After all, an owner of a gassy Bulldog would have to be pretty resilient
not to be tempted to try a food that advertises it “reduces flatulence.” But, pet
owners should never be under the impression that any one food is ideal for every
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individual in a group. If you have a Bulldog with gas problems, or frankly any dog
with gas problems, go ahead and try Royal Canin’s Bulldog formula and if it works
and your pet seems to be thriving, fabulous. If however, you put your dog on a
breed-specific food and he doesn’t do well, do not hesitate to switch to another,
probably equally appropriate diet that makes no breed-based claims.
Eukanuba is another company making breed specific foods. They cater to Yorkshire
Terriers, Dachshunds, Spaniels, Rottweilers, Boxers, Labrador Retrievers, and
German Shepherd Dogs as well as having puppy, adult, senior, and weight control
formulas available in some or all of their small, medium, and large breed categories.
But, if you look closely at the products’ ingredient lists and guaranteed analyses, they
are oftentimes not as different as you might think. For example, the first five
ingredients listed on Eukanuba’s Labrador Retriever food label are chicken, corn
meal, ground whole grain sorghum, ground whole grain barley, and chicken
byproduct meal while for their Rottweiler formula the order is chicken, chicken
byproduct meal, corn meal, ground whole grain sorghum, and ground whole grain
barley. The first five ingredients in the Yorkshire Terrier diet are essentially the same
as the Rottweiler formula except for the substitution of brewer’s rice for barley in the
number five slot. The company’s health claims can also be confusing. The
description of the Labrador Retriever food talks about the importance of weight
management for this breed while the topic is not touched upon for Rottweilers, but
the Lab food is actually more calorie rich (350 kcal/cup) than is the Rottie food (325
kcal/cup). Granted both of the diets for these large breeds are lower in energy than
is the Yorkie formula, which comes in at 458 kcal/cup.
Don’t get me wrong, I do not mean to convey that any of these breed specific diets
are bad. They are made by companies that have well-deserved reputations for
producing excellent dog foods. Because of this, they are certainly worthy of
consideration. However, do not be drawn in by the hype. An individual dog may do
just as well, or even better, on another high-quality food made by a different
manufacturer.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 9
Chapter 4: Special Concerns for Breeds with a Tendency to
Gain Weight Easily
Obesity is an extremely common problem for all dogs, regardless of breed or size.
Many different “diet” dog foods are available from your local pet supply store, but
because the use of words like “diet,” “light,” and “weight-loss” is not currently
regulated, you should carefully examine a food’s label to make sure it is right for your
dog before making a purchase.
A pet food’s caloric density is the most important value to look at. This information is
presented on the label as the number of kilocalories (kcal) per kilogram of food. A
kilocalorie is the same as a “calorie” as the word is commonly used in human
nutrition, and a kilogram is equal to 2.2 pounds. Many manufacturers also provide
this information in a more useful kcal per cup format. Determine how many calories
your pet is currently eating and then compare this to the number of calories he would
be getting if you followed the feeding guide on the new food’s label. Your goal is to
find a product that allows you to feed a good-sized meal that will satisfy your dog’s
appetite while still reducing his caloric intake by around 15%.
Find about your Dog's calorie intake from http://www.trainpetdog.com/calorie-calc.html To decrease the caloric density of their weight-loss products, manufacturers reduce
the amount of fat in the diet. In general, dogs that are dieting should eat a food that
has between 7% and 12% fat on a dry matter basis. This information is presented
on the label in the guaranteed analysis. If this was the only change however, many
dogs would be left feeling hungry after their meals. Therefore, many food companies
add more fiber to their weight loss foods to increase the amount a dog can eat
without significantly raising the number of calories per meal. Unfortunately, dogs that
eat high fiber foods produce greater amounts of feces and sometimes get a little bit
“gassy.” Other food companies “puff up” their dry kibble with air to increase the size
of the meal and the amount of time a dog spends at the food bowl. In this case, a
dog’s fecal volume should not be greatly increased, but some pets may not be
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 10
satisfied eating a low fat food without the added fiber. You should feel free to try
different weight loss formulations to find out which food works best for your dog.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 11
Chapter 5: Breed Specific Diet Considerations
A
Affenpinscher
Afghan Hound
Airedale Terrier
Akbash
Akita
Alaskan Husky
Alaskan Klee Kai
Alaskan Malamute
American BullDog
American Eskimo
American Foxhound
American Hairless Terrier
American Staffordshire Terrier
Anatolian Shepherd
Argentine Dogo
Armant
Australian Cattle Dog
Australian Kelpie
Australian Shepherd
Australian Terrier
Affenspinscher Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 12
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the composition
of a dog’s food is a good idea. Affenpinscher is a small dog breed. In general, small
dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Affenpinschers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Affen.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Affen
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Affen puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Affen puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
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Affenpinschers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Affens. This is
all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Affen has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Affenpinscher dogs is their
dental health. Affen puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Affens clean their own
teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some
but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent
group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help control dental
disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their
criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and
periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that
have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 14
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Affens in addition to
their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Affenpinschers should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Affenpinschers may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box
or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Affens may get
little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with weight
control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 15
Afghan Hound
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Afghan
Hound is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as
adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Afghan puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Afghan puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Afghan puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Afghan
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 16
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Afghan
Hounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Afghan puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Afghan Hounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Afghan Hounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Afghan Hounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Afghan Hound a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 17
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Afghan
Hounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Afghan
Hounds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Afghan Hounds, are at risk of
a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 18
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Afghan Hound will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Airedale Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on
a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that
every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur
as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Airedale Terrier is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Airedale puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Airedale puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 19
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Airedale puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Airedale
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Airedale Terriers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed your Airedale puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Airedale Terriers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Airedale Terriers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 20
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Airedale Terriers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Airedale Terrier a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Airedale Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 21
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Airedale
Terriers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Airedale Terriers, are at risk
of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Airedale
Terrier will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Akbash Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Akbash is
a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around 100
pounds or even more.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 22
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Akbash puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Akbash puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Akbash puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Akbash
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Akbash
Dogs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Akbash puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Akbash Dogs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 23
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Akbash Dogs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Akbash Dogs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Akbash a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Akbash
Dogs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 24
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in case
of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Akbash
Dogs should be switched at about five years of age.
Akita
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on
a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that
every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur
as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Akita is a large dog breed. Large dogs
are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Akita puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Akita puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 25
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Akita puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Akita
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Akitas
generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most cases,
offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your Akita
puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Akitas shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Akitas are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 26
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Akitas with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Akita a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Akitas
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Akitas
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 27
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Akitas, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Akita will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Akita is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to assist
people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the calories that
they burn over the course of a day. If your Akita is extremely active, it may need to
eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with calories. These diets
should also be very digestible and have a little more protein than normal to support
muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods meet these criteria
including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25, Nutro
Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 28
Alaskan Husky
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on
a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that
every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur
as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Alaskan Husky is a medium breed dog.
In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Alaskans can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Alaskan Husky.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Alaskan
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Alaskan puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 29
Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Alaskans
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Alaskan Klee Kai
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 30
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Alaskan Klee Kai is a
medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between
20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Klee Kai dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Klee Kai.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Klee
Kai puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Klee Kai puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 31
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Klee Kai
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Alaskan Malamute
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Alaskan
Malamute is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55
pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Malamute puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 32
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Malamute puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Malamute puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Malamute puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Malamutes generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Malamute puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Malamutes shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 33
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Malamutes are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Malamutes with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Labrador a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Malamutes in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 34
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Malamutes
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Malamutes, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Labrador will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Alaskan Malamute is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Malamute is extremely
active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with
calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein
than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 35
meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active
Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance
Formula.
American BullDog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
American Bulldog is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55
pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. American Bulldog puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
American Bulldog puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your American Bulldog puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 36
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
American Bulldog puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
American Bulldogs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your American Bulldog puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. American Bulldogs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
American Bulldogs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
American Bulldogs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 37
your Labrador a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
American Bulldogs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, American
Bulldogs should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 38
American Eskimo Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
American Eskimo is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those
that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although American Eskimo dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your American
Eskimo.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
American Eskimo puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. American Eskimo puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 39
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, American
Eskimo dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of American Eskimo white dogs often want to know what they can do about
the discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 40
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
American Foxhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
American Foxhound is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over
55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Foxhound puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Foxhound puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 41
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Foxhound puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Foxhound puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Foxhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Foxhound puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Foxhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Foxhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 42
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Foxhounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Foxhound a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Foxhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Foxhounds
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 43
American Hairless Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on
a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that
every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur
as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. American Hairless
Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less
than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although American Hairless
Terriers can do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with
small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You
can try those with your American Hairless Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
American Hairless puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized American Hairless puppy, you
may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 44
nutrients. American Hairless puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
American Hairless Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers
tend to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they
can get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also
advertise that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy
American Hairless Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky
eater, but if your American Hairless Terrier has a good appetite, he might start
having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to American Hairless Terrier dogs
is their dental health. American Hairless puppies do commonly develop dental
plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many
companies say that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to
help American Hairless Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These
assertions are backed up by good research in some but not all cases. The
Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent group that has set up
standards for pet products that claim to help control dental disease. If a product
displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically
proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease
when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that have been approved
by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 45
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior American Hairless
Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, American
Hairless Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 46
Hairless Dogs
Without the protective barrier of fur, so-called hairless dogs like the American
Hairless Terrier, are prone to skin dryness and irritation. Topical treatments are
difficult to use and not very effective, and frequent bathing can make the problem
even worse. Thankfully, adding certain types of fatty acids to your pet’s diet is an
excellent way to decrease inflammation and moisturize the skin from the inside out.
Both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids play a role and the ratio between the two is
very important, so look for a premium brand of dog food that balances these two
additives (i.e., a sensitive skin formula) or use a separate fatty acid supplement in
addition to your pet’s regular diet.
American Staffordshire Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
American Staffordshire Terrier is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh
in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. AmStaff puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your AmStaff puppy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 47
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your AmStaff puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your AmStaff
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
American Staffordshires generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your AmStaff puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and
the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. American Staffordshires shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are
12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 48
American Staffordshires are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
American Staffordshires with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in
the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
give your American Staffordshire a separate joint supplement, you can have greater
flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the
right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
American Staffordshires in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each
of the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 49
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, American
Staffordshires should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Anatolian Shepherd
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Anatolian Shepherd is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large dog
breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Anatolian Shepherd puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Anatolian Shepherd puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to
25% fat, you should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Anatolian Shepherd puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 50
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Anatolian Shepherd puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Anatolian Shepherds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Anatolian Shepherd puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Anatolian Shepherds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-
14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Anatolian Shepherds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Anatolian Shepherds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 51
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Anatolian Shepherd a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility
in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food
for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Anatolian Shepherds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It
is much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Anatolian
Shepherds should be switched at about five years of age.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Anatolian Shepherd is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 52
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Anatolian Shepherd is
extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is
loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little
more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially
available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal
Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan
Performance Formula.
Argentine Dogo
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Argentine Dogo is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55
pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Dogo puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Dogo puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Dogo puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 53
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Dogo
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Argentine Dogos generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed your Dogo puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Argentine Dogos shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Argentine Dogos are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 54
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Argentine Dogos with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Argentine Dogo a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Argentine Dogos in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Argentine
Dogos should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 55
Armant
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Armant
is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Armant puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Armant puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Armant puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Armant
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 56
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Armants generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Armant puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Armants shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Armants are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Armants with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Armant a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 57
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Armants in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Armants
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Australian Cattle Dog
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Australian Cattle Dog is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 58
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Australian Cattle Dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Australian
Cattle Dog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Australian Cattle Dog puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they
are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the
best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Australian Cattle Dog puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 59
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Australian
Cattle Dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Australian Kelpie
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Australian Kelpie is a
medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between
20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Australian Kelpie dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Australian
Kelpie.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 60
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Australian Kelpie puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Australian Kelpie puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 61
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Australian
Kelpie dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Australian Shepherd
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Australian Shepherd is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over
55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Aussie puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Aussie puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Aussie puppy at risk for developmental
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 62
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Aussie
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Australian Shepherds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Aussie puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Australian Shepherds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-
14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Australian Shepherds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 63
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Australian Shepherds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Aussie a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Australian Shepherds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Australian
Shepherds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 64
Australian Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Australian Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that
weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Australian Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Australian Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Australian Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Australian Terrier puppy, you
may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Australian Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 65
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Australian Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Australian
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Australian Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Australian Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Australian Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Australian
Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 66
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Australian Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Australian
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
B
Barbet
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 67
Basenji
Basset Griffon
Basset Hound
Beagle
Bearded Collie
Beauceron
Bedlington Terrier
Belgian Sheepdog
Belgian Tervuren
Bergamasco
Berger Picard
Berger Pyrenees
Bernese Mountain Dog
Bichon Frise
Biewer
Black and Tan Coonhound
Black Russian Terrier
Bloodhound
Boerboel
Border Collie
Border Terrier
Borzoi
Boston Terrier
Boxer
Boykin Spaniel
Brandlbracke
Briard
Briquet
Brittany Dog
Brussels Griffon
Bull Mastiff
Bull Terrier
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 68
Barbet
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Barbet is a medium dog breed. In
general, medium dog breeds are those that mature
between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Barbets can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Barbet.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Barbet
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Barbet puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 69
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Barbet
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Basenji
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Basenji is a medium dog breed. In
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 70
general, medium dog breeds are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Basenjis can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Basenji.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Basenji
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Basenji puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 71
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Basenji
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Basset Griffon
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Basset Griffon is a medium dog breed.
In general, medium dog breeds are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Basset Griffons can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Basset Griffon.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Basset
Griffon puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 72
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Basset Griffon puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 73
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Basset
Griffon should be switched when they are at around seven.
Basset Hound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Basset Hound is a medium dog breed.
In general, medium dog breeds are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Basset Hounds can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Basset Hound.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Basset
Hound puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Basset Hound puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 74
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Basset
Hound should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in Basset Hounds
Basset Hounds are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Basset Hound is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after
being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 75
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Basset Hound is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Basset Hounds, are at risk of
a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. In
particular, if you own a Basset Hound that weighs less than 23 kg/50 lbs, the risk is
even greater. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might
bloat, and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional
needs of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you
need to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your
Basset Hound will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 76
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Beagle
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Beagle is a medium dog breed. In general,
medium dog breeds are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Beagles can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Beagle.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Beagle
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Beagle puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 77
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Beagle
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in Beagles
Beagles are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Beagle is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being on a
couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can prescribe
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 78
foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are available at
pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications that might
help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Beagle is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Bearded Collie
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bearded Collie is a medium dog breed.
In general, medium dog breeds are those that mature
between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 79
All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Beardies can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Bearded Collie.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Beardie
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Beardie puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 80
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Bearded
Collie should be switched when they are at around seven.
Beauceron
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners
should not think that every individual’s needs are identical
or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are
certain circumstances when altering the composition of a
dog’s food is a good idea. Beauceron is a large dog
breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Beauceron puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Beauceron puppy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 81
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Beauceron puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Beauceron puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Beaucerons generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Beauceron puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Beaucerons shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 82
Beaucerons are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Beaucerons with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Beauceron a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Beaucerons in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 83
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Beaucerons should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Bedlington Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bedlington Terrier is a medium dog
breed. In general, medium dog breeds are those that
mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Bedlington Terriers can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Bedlington
Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Bedlington Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 84
nutrients. Bedlington Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Bedlington
Terrier should be switched when they are at around seven.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Bedlington Terrier white dogs often want to know what they can do about
the discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 85
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Belgian Sheepdog
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Belgian Sheepdog is a large dog
breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Belgian Sheepdog puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Belgian Sheepdog puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 86
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Belgian Sheepdog puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Belgian
Sheepdog puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Belgian
Sheepdogs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Belgian Sheepdog puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Belgian Sheepdogs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-
14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 87
Belgian Sheepdogs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Belgian Sheepdogs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Belgian Sheepdog a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility
in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food
for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Belgian
Sheepdogs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 88
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Belgian
Sheepdogs should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Belgian Tervuren Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Belgian Tervuren is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Belgian Tervuren puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Belgian Tervuren puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Belgian Tervuren puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 89
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Belgian
Tervuren puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Belgian
Tervurens generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Belgian Tervuren puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Belgian Tervurens shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Belgian Tervurens are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Belgian Tervurens with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 90
your Belgian Tervuren a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Belgian
Tervurens in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Belgian
Tervurens should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 91
Bergamasco
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bergamasco is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Bergamasco puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Bergamasco
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Bergamasco puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Bergamasco puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 92
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Bergamascos generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Bergamasco puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Bergamascos shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Bergamascos are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Bergamascos with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Bergamasco a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 93
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Bergamascos in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Bergamascos should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Berger Picard Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 94
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering
the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Berger Picard is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Berger Picard puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Berger Picard
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Berger Picard puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Berger
Picard puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Berger
Picards generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Berger Picard puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 95
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Berger Picards shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Berger Picards are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Berger Picards with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Berger Picard a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 96
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Berger
Picards in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Berger
Picards should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Berger Pyrenees Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Berger Pyrenees is a medium dog breed. In
general, medium dog breeds are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Berger Pyrenees dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 97
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Berger
Pyrenees.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Berger
Pyrenees puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Berger Pyrenees puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 98
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Berger
Pyrenees should be switched when they are at around seven.
Bernese Mountain Dog
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bernese Mountain Dog is a large dog
breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55
pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Berner puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Berner puppy. Since
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 99
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Berner puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Berner
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Bernese Mountain Dogs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Berner puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Berners shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 100
Bernese Mountain Dogs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Bernese Mountain Dogs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in
the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
give your Berner a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Berners in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 101
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Bernese
Mountain Dogs should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Berners, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Bernese Mountain
Dog will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Bernese Mountain Dog is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform
various tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to
replace the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Bernese
Mountain Dog is extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every
bite it takes is loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and
have a little more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several
commercially available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium
Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High
Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 102
Bichon Frise Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bichon Frise is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Bichons can do well on a
standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Bichon.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Bichon
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Bichon puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 103
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Bichon puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Bichons often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make their
diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Bichons. This is all
fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Bichon Frise has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Bichon Frise dogs is their dental
health. Bichon puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Bichons clean their own
teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some
but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent
group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help control dental
disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their
criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and
periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that
have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 104
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Bichons in addition
to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Bichons
should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 105
Obesity in Bichons
Bichons are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Bichon Frise is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Bichon Frise is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Bichon Frise white dogs often want to know what they can do about the
discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 106
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Biewer
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Biewer is a small dog breed. In general,
small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Biewers can do well on a
standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Biewer.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Biewer
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Biewer puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 107
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Biewer puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Biewers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make their
diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Biewers. This is all
fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Biewer has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Biewer dogs is their dental
health. Biewer puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Biewers clean their own
teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some
but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent
group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help control dental
disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their
criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 108
periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that
have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Biewers in addition
to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 109
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Biewers
should be switched when they turn eight.
Black and Tan Coonhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Black and Tan Coonhound is a large
dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Black and Tan Coonhound puppies,
in particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Black
and Tan Coonhound puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to
25% fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and
12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Black and Tan Coonhound puppy at risk for
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 110
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Black
and Tan Coonhound puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Black
and Tan Coonhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Black and Tan Coonhound puppy so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Black and Tan Coonhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they
are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Black and Tan Coonhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 111
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Black and Tan Coonhounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them
in the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
give your Black and Tan Coonhound a separate joint supplement, you can have
greater flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also
choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Black
and Tan Coonhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Black and
Tan Coonhounds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Black Russian Terrier
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 112
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Black Russian Terrier is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Black Russian Terrier puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Black
Russian Terrier puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Black Russian Terrier puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Black
Russian Terrier puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 113
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Black
Russian Terriers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed your Black Russian Terrier puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored
and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Black Russian Terriers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are
12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Black Russian Terriers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Black Russian Terriers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Black Russian Terrier a separate joint supplement, you can have greater
flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the
right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 114
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Black
Russian Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Black
Russian Terriers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Black Russian Terrier is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform
various tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to
replace the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Black Russian
Terrier is extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it
takes is loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a
little more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 115
commercially available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium
Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High
Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Bloodhound
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bloodhound is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as
adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Bloodhound puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Bloodhound
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Bloodhound puppy at risk for developmental
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 116
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Bloodhound puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Bloodhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Bloodhound puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Bloodhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Bloodhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 117
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Bloodhounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Bloodhound a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Bloodhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Bloodhounds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 118
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Bloodhounds, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Bloodhound will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Boerboel
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Boerboel is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Boerboel puppies, in particular,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 119
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Boerboel puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Boerboel puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Boerboel puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Boerboels generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Boerboel puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Boerboels shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 120
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Boerboels are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Boerboels with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Boerboel a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Boerboels in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 121
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Boerboels
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Border Collie
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Border Collie is a medium breed dog.
In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Border Collie dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Border Collie.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Border
Collie puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 122
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Border Collie puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Border
Collie dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 123
Border Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Border Terrier is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than
20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Border Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Border Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Border
Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Border Terrier puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 124
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Border Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Border Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Border
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Border Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered
an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Border Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Border Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Border Terriers
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 125
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Border Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Border
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 126
Borzoi Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Borzoi is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Borzoi puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Borzoi puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Borzoi puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Borzoi
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 127
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Borzois
generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most cases,
offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your Borzoi
puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Borzois shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Borzois are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Borzois with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Borzoi a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 128
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Borzois
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Borzois
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the Borzois, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Borzoi will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 129
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Boston Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Boston Terrier is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than
20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Boston Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Boston Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Boston
Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 130
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Boston Terrier puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Boston Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Boston Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Boston
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Boston Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered
an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Boston Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Boston Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Boston Terriers
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 131
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Boston Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 132
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Boston
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Boxer
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Boxer is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Boxer puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Boxer puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 133
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Boxer puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Boxer
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Boxers
generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most cases,
offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your Boxer
puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Boxers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Boxers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 134
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Boxers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Boxer a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Boxers
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Boxers
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 135
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the Boxers, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Boxer will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Boxer is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to
assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Boxer is extremely active, it
may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with calories.
These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein than normal
to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods meet these
criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25,
Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 136
Boykin Spaniel
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Boykin Spaniel is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Boykin Spaniel dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Boykin Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Boykin
Spaniel puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Boykin Spaniel puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 137
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Boykin
Spaniel dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 138
Brandlbracke
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Brandlbracke is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed
dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Brandlbracke dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Brandlbracke.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Brandlbracke puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Brandlbracke puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 139
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Brandlbracke dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Briard
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on a dog’s size or
breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that every individual’s needs are
identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances
when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Briard is a large dog
breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 140
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Briard puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Briard puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Briard puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Briard
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Briards
generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most cases,
offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your Briard
puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 141
nutrients. Briards shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Briards are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Briards with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Briard a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Briards
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 142
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Briards
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Briquet
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Briquet is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Briquet dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Briquet.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Briquet
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 143
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Briquet puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 144
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Briquet
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Brittany Dog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Brittany Dog is a medium breed dog.
In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature
between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Brittany dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Brittany Dog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Brittany
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 145
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Brittany puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Brittany
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 146
Brussels Griffon
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners
should not think that every individual’s needs are identical
or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are
certain circumstances when altering the composition of a
dog’s food is a good idea. Brussels Griffon is a small dog
breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when
fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Brussels Griffons can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Brussels Griffon.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Brussels Griffon puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Brussels Griffon puppy, you may
need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods
of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a
condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 147
nutrients. Brussels Griffon puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Brussels Griffons often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Brussels
Griffons. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Brussels Griffon has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Brussels Griffon dogs is their
dental health. Brussels Griffon puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Brussels
Griffons clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 148
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Brussels Griffons in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Brussels
Griffons should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 149
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Brussels Griffons may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter
box or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or
exceptionally smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed
for toy breeds are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made
from high quality and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately,
Brussels Griffons may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could
certainly help with weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Bull Mastiff
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bull Mastiff is a giant dog breed. Giant
Dog breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around
100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Bull Mastiff puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Bull Mastiff puppy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 150
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Bull Mastiff puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Bull
Mastiff puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Bull
Mastiffs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Bull Mastiff puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Bull Mastiffs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 151
Bull Mastiffs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating Bull
Mastiffs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Bull
Mastiff a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Bull
Mastiffs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in case
of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Bull
Mastiffs should be switched at about five years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 152
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Bull Mastiff, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Bull Mastiff will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Bull Mastiff is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to
assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Bull Mastiff is extremely
active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with
calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein
than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods
meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active
Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance
Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 153
Bull Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Bull Terrier is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as
adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Bull Terrier puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Bull Terrier puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Bull Terrier puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Bull
Terrier puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 154
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Bull
Terriers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Bull Terrier puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Bull Terriers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Bull Terriers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating Bull
Terriers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Bull
Terrier a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 155
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Bull
Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Bull
Terriers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
C
Cairn Terrier
Canaan Dog
Cane Corso
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Carolina Dog
Catahoula
Caucasian Mountain Dog
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 156
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Chihuahua
Chinese Crested
Chinese Shar-Pei
Chow Chow
Clumber Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel (American)
Cocker Spaniel (English)
Collie
Coton De Tulear
Curly-Coated Retriever
Cairn Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Cairn Terrier is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Cairn Terriers can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Cairn Terrier.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 157
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Cairn
Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Cairn Terrier puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Cairn Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Cairn Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Cairn Terriers.
This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Cairn Terrier
has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an
exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 158
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Cairn Terrier dogs is their dental
health. Cairn Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Cairn Terriers clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 159
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Cairn Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Cairn
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Obesity in Cairn Terriers
Cairn Terriers are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Cairn Terrier is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 160
If your Cairn Terrier is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Some of Cairn Terrier dogs are light color. Owners of Cairn Terrier white dogs often
want to know what they can do about the discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and
around their mouths. Tears and saliva contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns
a reddish-brown color when exposed to air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell
(e.g., has a red or painful eye along with excessive tear formation), see a
veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is simply a cosmetic issue. In
general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin staining, although some
owners report improvement after switching to premium pet foods or offering only
distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet cloth will minimize
the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk to your
veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g., tylosin) or
try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and mouth.
Canaan Dog
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Canaan Dog is a medium breed dog.
In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 161
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Canaan Dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Canaan Dog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Canaan
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Canaan puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 162
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Canaan
Dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Cane Corso Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Cane Corso is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Cane Corso puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 163
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Cane Corso
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Cane Corso puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Cane
Corso puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Cane
Corsos generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Cane Corso puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Cane Corsos shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 164
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Cane Corsos are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Cane Corsos with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Cane Corso a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Cane
Corsos in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 165
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Cane
Corsos should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Cardigan Welsh Corgi Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Cardigan Welsh Corgi is a medium breed dog. In general, medium
breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Cardigan Welsh Corgis can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Cardigan
Welsh Corgi.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Cardigan Welsh Corgi puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they
are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the
best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 166
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Cardigan Welsh Corgi puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Cardigan
Welsh Corgis should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 167
Obesity in Cardigan Welsh Corgis
Cardigan Welsh Corgis are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Cardigan Welsh Corgi is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even
after being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she
can prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Cardigan Welsh Corgi is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and
have obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but
when temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure
that your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially
in the winter.
Carolina Dog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 168
is a good idea. Carolina Dog is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed
dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Carolina Dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Carolina Dog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Carolina puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Carolina puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 169
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Carolina
Dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Catahoula Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Catahoula is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Catahoula puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 170
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Catahoula puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Catahoula puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Catahoula puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Catahoulas generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Catahoula puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Catahoulas shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 171
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Catahoulas are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Catahoulas with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Catahoula a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Catahoulas in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 172
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Catahoulas
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Caucasian Mountain Dog
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Caucasian Mountain Dog is a giant
dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around 100
pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Caucasian Mountain puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Caucasian Mountain puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to
25% fat, you should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Caucasian Mountain puppy at risk for
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 173
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Caucasian Mountain puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Caucasian Mountain Dogs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Caucasian Mountain puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Caucasian Mountain Dogs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they
are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Caucasian Mountain Dogs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 174
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Caucasian Mountain Dogs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in
the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
give your Caucasian Mountain Dog a separate joint supplement, you can have
greater flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also
choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Caucasian Mountain Dogs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In
each of the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help
with various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way
as to help prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Caucasian
Mountain Dogs should be switched at about five years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 175
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small dog breed. In general, small
dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Cavalier King Charles
Spaniels can do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with
small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You
can try those with your Cavalier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Cavalier
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Cavalier puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 176
nutrients. Cavalier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels often have rather finicky appetites, so food
manufacturers tend to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In
this way, they can get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some
companies also advertise that they make these formulations smell or taste extra
good to tempt fussy Cavaliers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a
picky eater, but if your Cavalier has a good appetite, he might start having weight
problems if offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
dogs is their dental health. Cavalier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque,
tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say
that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Cavaliers
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 177
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Cavaliers in addition
to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Cavalier
King Charles Spaniels should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 178
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may
use a litter box or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or
exceptionally smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed
for toy breeds are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made
from high quality and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately,
Cavaliers may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly
help with weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Chesapeake Bay Retriever Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in
at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Chessie puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Chessie puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 179
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Chessie puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Chessie
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Chesapeake Bay Retrievers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they
are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the
best way to feed your Chessie puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored
and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Chessies shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Chesapeake Bay Retrievers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 180
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Chessies with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Chessie a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Chesapeake Bay Retrievers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In
each of the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help
with various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way
as to help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Chessies
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 181
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Chesapeake Bay Retrievers,
are at risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or
bloat. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat,
and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs
of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need
to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Chessie
will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Chihuahua Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Chihuahua is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 182
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Chihuahua dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Chihuahua.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Chihuahua puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Chihuahua puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
However, if you are having trouble keeping your Chihuahua puppy slim while feeding
puppy formulations, you can switch to adult food at around 9 or 10 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 183
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Chihuahua
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in Chihuahuas
Chihuahuas are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Chihuahua is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 184
If your Chihuahua is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Chihuahuas may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or
pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Chihuahuas
may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with
weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Chinese Crested
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Chinese Crested is a small dog breed.
In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Chinese Cresteds can do
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 185
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Chinese Crested.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Chinese
Crested puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Chinese Crested puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Chinese Crested puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Chinese Cresteds often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Chinese
Cresteds. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 186
Chinese Crested has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Chinese Crested dogs is their
dental health. Chinese Crested puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Chinese
Cresteds clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 187
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Chinese Cresteds in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Chinese
Cresteds should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Chinese Cresteds may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter
box or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or
exceptionally smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed
for toy breeds are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made
from high quality and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately,
Chinese Cresteds may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could
certainly help with weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Hairless Dogs
Without the protective barrier of fur, so-called hairless dogs like the Chinese Crested,
are prone to skin dryness and irritation. Topical treatments are difficult to use and
not very effective and frequent bathing can make the problem even worse.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 188
Thankfully, adding certain types of fatty acids to your pet’s diet is an excellent way to
decrease inflammation and moisturize the skin from the inside out. Both omega-3
and omega-6 fatty acids play a role and the ratio between the two is very important,
so look for a premium brand of dog food that balances these two additives (i.e., a
sensitive skin formula) or use a separate fatty acid supplement in addition to your
pet’s regular diet.
Chinese Shar-Pei Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners
should not think that every individual’s needs are identical
or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are
certain circumstances when altering the composition of a
dog’s food is a good idea. Chinese Shar-Pei is a medium
breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Chinese Shar-Pei dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Chinese Shar-
Pei.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Chinese
Shar-Pei puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 189
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Chinese Shar-Pei puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 190
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Chinese
Shar-Pei dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Chow Chow Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Chow Chow is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Chow Chow puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Chow Chow
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Chow Chow puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 191
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Chow
Chow puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Chow
Chows generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Chow Chow puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Chow Chows shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Chow Chows are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Chow Chows with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 192
Chow Chow a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Chow
Chows in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Chow
Chows should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 193
Clumber Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Clumber Spaniel is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as
adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Clumber Spaniel puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Clumber Spaniel puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Clumber Spaniel puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Clumber
Spaniel puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 194
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Clumber Spaniels generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Clumber Spaniel puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Clumber Spaniels shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Clumber Spaniels are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Clumber Spaniels with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Clumber Spaniel a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 195
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Clumber Spaniels in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Clumber
Spaniels should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Clumber Spaniel white dogs often want to know what they can do about
the discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 196
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Cocker Spaniel (American)
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. American Cocker Spaniel is a medium
breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although American Cocker Spaniel dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your
American Cocker Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
American Cocker Spaniel puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while
they are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is
the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 197
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. American Cocker Spaniel puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 198
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, American
Cocker Spaniel dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in American Cocker Spaniels
American Cocker Spaniels are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your American Cocker Spaniel is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight
even after being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He
or she can prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those
that are available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for
medications that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your American Cocker Spaniel is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active
and have obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well,
but when temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make
sure that your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside
especially in the winter.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 199
Cocker Spaniel (English) Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. English Cocker Spaniel is a medium
breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although English Cocker Spaniel dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your English
Cocker Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. English
Cocker Spaniel puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. English Cocker Spaniel puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 200
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, English
Cocker Spaniel dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in English Cocker Spaniels
English Cocker Spaniels are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your English Cocker Spaniel is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even
after being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 201
can prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your English Cocker Spaniel is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and
have obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but
when temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure
that your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially
in the winter.
Collie Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners
should not think that every individual’s needs are identical
or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are
certain circumstances when altering the composition of a
dog’s food is a good idea. Collie is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 202
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Collie puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Collie puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Collie puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Collie
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Collies
generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most cases,
offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your Collie
puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Collies shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 203
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Collies are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Collies with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Collie a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Collies
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 204
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Collies
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Collies, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Collie will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 205
Coton De Tulear Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Coton De Tulear is a small dog breed.
In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Cotons can do well on a
standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Coton De Tulear.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Coton
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Coton De Tulear puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 206
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Coton puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Cotons often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make their
diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Coton De Tulears.
This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Coton has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Coton De Tulear dogs is their
dental health. Coton puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Coton De Tulears clean
their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research
in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 207
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Coton De Tulears in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Cotons
should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 208
Curly-Coated Retriever Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Curly-Coated Retriever is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those
that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Curly-Coated Retriever puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Curly-
Coated Retriever puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Curly-Coated Retriever puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Curly-
Coated Retriever puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 209
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Curly-
Coated Retrievers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Curly-Coated Retriever puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Curly-Coated Retrievers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are
12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Curly-Coated Retrievers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Curly-Coated Retrievers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in
the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
give your Curly-Coated Retriever a separate joint supplement, you can have greater
flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the
right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 210
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Curly-
Coated Retrievers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Curly-
Coated Retrievers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
D
Dachshund
Dalmatian
Dingo
Doberman Pinscher
Drever
Dutch Shepherd
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 211
Dachshund Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Dachshund is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than
20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Dachshunds can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Dachshund.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Dachshund puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized Dachshund puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 212
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Dachshund puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Dachshunds often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Dachshunds. This
is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Dachshund has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Dachshund dogs is their dental
health. Dachshund puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Dachshunds clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 213
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Dachshunds in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Dachshunds should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 214
Obesity in Dachshunds
Dachshunds are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Dachshund is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Dachshund is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Dalmatian
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 215
Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on a dog’s size or
breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that every individual’s needs are
identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances
when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Dalmatian is a medium
breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Dalmatian dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Dalmatian.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Dalmatian puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Dalmatian puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 216
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Dalmatian
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in Dalmatians
Dalmatians are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Dalmatian is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being on
a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can prescribe
foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are available at
pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications that might
help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 217
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Dalmatian is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Dalmatians often want to know what they can do about the discolored fur
under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva contain a pigment
called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to air. If you suspect
that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with excessive tear
formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is simply a
cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin staining,
although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet foods or
offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet cloth
will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk to
your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 218
Dingo Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Dingo is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Dingo dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Dingo.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Dingo
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Dingo puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 219
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell
more product than their competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older
dogs, but many food companies do offer diets specifically
designed for these pets. The products differ a bit in how they address the concerns
of older animals, but in general they contain lower levels of fat to help prevent
obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at maintaining muscle mass while not
overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible for excreting the waste products of
protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Dingo dogs
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Doberman Pinscher Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 220
food is a good idea. Doberman Pinscher is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those
that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Doberman puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Doberman puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Doberman Pinscher puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Doberman puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Dobermans generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Doberman puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 221
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Dobermans shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Dobermans are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Doberman Pinschers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Doberman Pinscher a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility
in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food
for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 222
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Doberman Pinschers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Dobermans should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Doberman Pinschers, are at
risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Doberman
Pinscher will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 223
Drever
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Drever is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Drever dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Drever.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Drever
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Drever puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 224
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Drever
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Dutch Shepherd
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 225
food is a good idea. Dutch Shepherd is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that
weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Dutch Shepherd puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Dutch
Shepherd puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Dutch Shepherd puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Dutch
Shepherd puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Dutch
Shepherds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Dutch Shepherd puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 226
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Dutch Shepherds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Dutch Shepherds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Dutch Shepherds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Dutch Shepherd a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 227
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Dutch
Shepherds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Dutch
Shepherds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
E
English BullDog
English Foxhound
English Setter
English Springer Spaniel
English Toy Spaniel
Entlebucher
Eurasier
English BullDog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 228
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering
the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. English Bulldog is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although English Bulldogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your English
Bulldog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. English
Bulldog puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. English Bulldog puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 229
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, English
Bulldogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
English Foxhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. English Foxhound is a large dog
breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55
pounds as adults.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 230
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. English Foxhound puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your English
Foxhound puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your English Foxhound puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your English
Foxhound puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. English
Foxhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your English Foxhound puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 231
nutrients. English Foxhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
English Foxhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
English Foxhounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your English Foxhound a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility
in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food
for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior English
Foxhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 232
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, English
Foxhounds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
English Setter Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. English Setter is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as
adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. English Setter puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 233
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your English Setter
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your English Setter puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your English
Setter puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. English
Setters generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
English Setter puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. English Setters shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 234
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
English Setters are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
English Setters with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
English Setter a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior English
Setters in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 235
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, English
Setters should be switched when they are at six years of age.
English Springer Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. English Springer Spaniel is a medium
breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although English Springer Spaniel dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your English
Springer Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Springer Spaniel puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 236
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Springer Spaniel puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, English
Springer Spaniel dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 237
Obesity in English Springer Spaniels
English Springer Spaniels are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Springer Spaniel is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after
being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Springer Spaniel is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the English Springer
Spaniels, are at risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus
(GDV) or bloat. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might
bloat, and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional
needs of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you
need to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your
English Springer Spaniel will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 238
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
English Toy Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. English Toy Spaniel is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although English Toy Spaniels can
do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your English Toy Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. English
Toy Spaniel puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 239
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized English Toy Spaniel puppy, you may need to
have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time.
Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a
condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. English Toy Spaniel puppies reach this stage first when they are between
9 and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
English Toy Spaniels often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend
to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can
get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise
that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy English
Toy Spaniels. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if
your English Toy Spaniel has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems
if offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to English Toy Spaniel dogs is
their dental health. English Toy Spaniel puppies do commonly develop dental
plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many
companies say that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to
help English Toy Spaniels clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions
are backed up by good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 240
Health Council (VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet
products that claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC
seal you can be sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce
the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used
regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that have been approved by the
VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior English Toy
Spaniels in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 241
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, English
Toy Spaniels should be switched when they turn eight.
Entlebucher Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Entlebucher is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in
at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Entlebucher puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Entlebucher
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 242
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Entlebucher puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Entlebucher puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Entlebuchers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Entlebucher puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Entlebuchers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 243
Entlebuchers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Entlebuchers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Entlebucher a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Entlebuchers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 244
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Entlebuchers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Eurasier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Eurasier is a large dog breed. Large dogs
are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Eurasier puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Eurasier puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Eurasier puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 245
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Eurasier
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Eurasiers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Eurasier puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Eurasiers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Eurasiers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Eurasiers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 246
Eurasier a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Eurasiers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Eurasiers
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
F
Field Spaniel
Finnish Spitz
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 247
Flat-Coated Retriever
French BullDog
Field Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Field
Spaniel is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed
dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Field Spaniel dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Field Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Field
Spaniel puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Field Spaniel puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 248
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Field
Spaniel dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Finnish Spitz Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 249
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a
pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Finnish Spitz is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed
dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Finnish Spitz dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Finnish Spitz.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Finnish
Spitz puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Finnish Spitz puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 250
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Finnish
Spitz dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Flat-Coated Retriever Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Flat-Coated Retriever is a large dog breed.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Flattie puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 251
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Flattie puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Flattie puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Flattie
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Flatties
generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most cases,
offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your Flattie
puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Flat-Coated Retrievers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are
12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 252
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Flat-Coated Retrievers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Flatties with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Flat-
Coated Retriever a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Flatties
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 253
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Flat-
Coated Retrievers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
French Bulldog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. French Bulldog is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although French Bulldogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Frenchie.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. French
Bulldog puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 254
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. French Bulldog puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, French
Bulldogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 255
G
German Pinscher
German Shepherd
German Shorthaired Pointer
German Spitz
German Wirehaired Pointer
Giant Schnauzer
Glen of Imaal Terrier
Golden Retriever
Gordon Setter
Great Dane
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
Greyhound
German Pinscher Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. German Pinscher is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although German Pinscher dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your German
Pinscher.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 256
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. German
Pinscher puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. German Pinscher puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 257
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, German
Pinscher dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
German Pinscher is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your German Pinscher is
extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is
loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little
more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially
available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal
Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan
Performance Formula.
German Shepherd Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. German Shepherd is a large dog
breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55
pounds as adults.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 258
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. German Shepherd puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
German Shepherd puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your German Shepherd puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your German
Shepherd puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
German Shepherds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your German Shepherd puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 259
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. German Shepherds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-
14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
German Shepherds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
German Shepherds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your German Shepherd a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility
in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food
for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 260
German Shepherds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, German
Shepherds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the German Shepherds, are
at risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or
bloat. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat,
and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs
of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need
to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your German
Shepherds will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 261
German Shorthaired Pointer Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. German Shorthaired Pointer is a large
dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. German Shorthaired Pointer
puppies, in particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically
for them. These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip
dysplasia, and abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy
foods have a lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical
puppy foods. This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods
with your German Shorthaired Pointer puppy. Since standard puppy foods can
contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat
content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your German Shorthaired Pointer puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your German
Shorthaired Pointer puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 262
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
German Shorthaired Pointers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they
are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the
best way to feed your German Shorthaired Pointer puppy so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. German Shorthaired Pointers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they
are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
German Shorthaired Pointers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
German Shorthaired Pointers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including
them in the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet.
If you give your German Shorthaired Pointer a separate joint supplement, you can
have greater flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also
choosing the right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 263
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
German Shorthaired Pointers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In
each of the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help
with various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way
as to help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, German
Shorthaired Pointers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the German Shorthaired
Pointers, are at risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus
(GDV) or bloat. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might
bloat, and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional
needs of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 264
need to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your
German Shorthaired Pointer will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
German Spitz Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. German Spitz is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between
20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although German Spitz dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your German Spitz.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. German
Spitz puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 265
a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. German Spitz puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 266
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, German
Spitzs should be switched when they are at around seven.
German Wirehaired Pointer Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. German Wirehaired Pointer is a large dog
breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. German Wirehaired Pointer
puppies, in particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically
for them. These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip
dysplasia, and abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy
foods have a lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical
puppy foods. This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods
with your German Wirehaired Pointer puppy. Since standard puppy foods can
contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat
content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your German Wirehaired Pointer puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 267
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your German
Wirehaired Pointer puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
German Wirehaired Pointers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they
are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the
best way to feed your German Wirehaired Pointer puppy so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. German Wirehaired Pointers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they
are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
German Wirehaired Pointers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
German Wirehaired Pointers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them
in the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 268
give your German Wirehaired Pointer a separate joint supplement, you can have
greater flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also
choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
German Wirehaired Pointers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In
each of the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help
with various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way
as to help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, German
Wirehaired Pointers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 269
Giant Schnauzer Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Giant Schnauzer is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Giant Schnauzer puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Giant
Schnauzer puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Giant Schnauzer puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Giant
Schnauzer puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 270
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Giant
Schnauzers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Giant Schnauzer puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Giant Schnauzers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Giant Schnauzers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Giant Schnauzers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Giant Schnauzer a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 271
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Giant
Schnauzers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Giant
Schnauzers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Giant Schnauzer is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Giant Schnauzer is
extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is
loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 272
more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially
available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal
Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan
Performance Formula.
Glen of Imaal Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Glen of Imaal Terrier is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Glen of Imaal Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Glen.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Glen
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 273
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Glen puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Glen of
Imaal Terriers should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 274
Golden Retriever Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Golden Retriever is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Golden Retriever puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Golden
Retriever puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Golden Retriever puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Golden
Retriever puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 275
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Golden
Retrievers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Golden Retriever puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Golden Retrievers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Golden Retrievers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Golden Retrievers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Golden Retriever a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 276
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Golden
Retrievers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Golden
Retrievers should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Obesity in Golden Retrievers
Golden Retrievers are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Golden Retriever is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after
being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 277
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Golden Retriever is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Golden Retrievers, are at
risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Golden
Retriever will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 278
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Gordon Setter Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Gordon Setter is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Gordon Setter puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Gordon Setter
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Gordon Setter puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 279
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Gordon
Setter puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Gordon
Setters generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Gordon Setter puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Gordon Setters shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Gordon Setters are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Gordon Setters with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 280
Gordon Setter a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Gordon
Setters in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Gordon
Setters should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Gordon Setters, are at risk of
a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 281
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Gordon Setter will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Great Dane Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Great Dane is a giant dog breed. In
fact, this is the largest dog breed that weighs over 100 lbs. Giant Dog breeds are
very large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Great Dane puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Great Dane
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 282
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Great Dane puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Great
Dane puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Great
Danes generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Great Dane puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Great Danes shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 283
Great Danes are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Great Danes with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Great Dane a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Great
Danes in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in case
of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 284
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Great
Danes should be switched at about five years of age.
Obesity in Great Danes
Great Danes are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Great Dane is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Great Dane is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the Great Danes, are at risk
of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. In
fact, the lifetime risk for a Great Dane to develop bloat has been estimated to be
close to 37 percent. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 285
might bloat, and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The
nutritional needs of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other
dogs, but you need to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances
that your Great Dane will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Great Dane is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks
to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Great Dane is extremely
active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with
calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein
than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods
meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active
Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance
Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 286
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners
should not think that every individual’s needs are identical
or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are
certain circumstances when altering the composition of a
dog’s food is a good idea. Greater Swiss Mountain Dog is
a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large dog
breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
puppies, in particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically
for them. These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip
dysplasia, and abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy
foods have a lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical
puppy foods. This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods
with your Greater Swiss Mountain Dog puppy. Since standard puppy foods can
contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a giant breed puppy foods
having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Greater Swiss Mountain Dog puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Greater
Swiss Mountain Dog puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 287
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Greater
Swiss Mountain Dogs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Greater Swiss Mountain Dog puppy so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until
they are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet
food manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their
giant breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods
is on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include
glucosamine and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or
increase the quantity and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very
important part of treating Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs with joint diseases like
osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the only, or necessarily the best
way to give them to your pet. If you give your Greater Swiss Mountain Dog a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 288
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Greater
Swiss Mountain Dogs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It
is much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Greater
Swiss Mountain Dogs should be switched at about five years of age.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog is one of the working dogs that can be trained to
perform various tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough
food to replace the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Greater
Swiss Mountain Dog is extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that
every bite it takes is loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible
and have a little more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 289
commercially available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium
Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High
Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Greyhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Greyhound is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Greyhound puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Greyhound puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Greyhound puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 290
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Greyhound puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Greyhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Greyhound puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Greyhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Greyhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Greyhounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 291
Greyhound a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Greyhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Greyhounds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Greyhounds, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 292
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Greyhound will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
H
Havanese
Hovawart
Havanese Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Havanese is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than
20 pounds when fully-grown.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 293
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Havaneses can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Havanese.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Havanese puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Havanese puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Havanese puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Havaneses often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 294
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Havaneses. This is
all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Havanese has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Havanese dogs is their dental
health. Havanese puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Havaneses clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 295
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Havaneses in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Havaneses
should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Havaneses may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or
pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Havaneses may
get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with weight
control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 296
Hovawart
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Hovawart is a large dog breed. Large dogs are
those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Hovawart puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Hovawart puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Hovawart puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Hovawart puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 297
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Hovawarts generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Hovawart puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Hovawarts shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Hovawarts are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Hovawarts with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Hovawart a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 298
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Hovawarts in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Hovawarts
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
I
Ibizan Hound
Irish Setter
Irish Terrier
Irish Water Spaniel
Irish Wolfhound
Italian Greyhound
Italian Spinone
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 299
Ibizan Hound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Ibizan Hound is a medium breed dog.
In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature
between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Ibizan Hound dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Ibizan Hound.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Ibizan
Hound puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Ibizan Hound puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 300
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Ibizan
Hounds should be switched when they are at around seven.
Irish Setter
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 301
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Irish Setter is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Irish Setter puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Irish Setter puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Irish Setter puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Irish
Setter puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 302
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Irish
Setters generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Irish Setter puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Irish Setters shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Irish Setters are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating Irish
Setters with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Irish Setter
a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 303
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Irish
Setters in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Irish Setters
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Irish Setters, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Irish Setter will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 304
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Irish Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Irish Terrier is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs
are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Irish Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Irish Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Irish
Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 305
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Irish Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Irish
Terriers should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 306
Irish Water Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Irish Water Spaniel is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Irish Water Spaniel dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Irish Water
Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Irish
Water Spaniel puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Irish Water Spaniel puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 307
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Irish Water
Spaniel dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 308
Irish Wolfhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Irish Wolfhound is a giant dog breed.
Giant Dog breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even
more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Irish Wolfhound puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Irish
Wolfhound puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Irish Wolfhound puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Irish
Wolfhound puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 309
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Irish
Wolfhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Irish Wolfhound puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Irish Wolfhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Irish Wolfhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating Irish
Wolfhounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Irish Wolfhound a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 310
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Irish
Wolfhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Irish
Wolfhounds should be switched at about five years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the Irish Wolfhounds, are at
risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Irish
Wolfhound will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 311
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Italian Greyhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Italian Greyhound is a small dog breed. In general, small dog
breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Italian Greyhounds can
do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Italian Greyhound.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Italian
Greyhound puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 312
you have an extremely small sized Italian Greyhound puppy, you may need to have
food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such
small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that
can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Italian Greyhound puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Italian Greyhounds often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Italian
Greyhounds. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Italian Greyhound has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Italian Greyhound dogs is their
dental health. Italian Greyhound puppies do commonly develop dental plaque,
tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say
that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Italian
Greyhounds clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up
by good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 313
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Italian Greyhounds
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 314
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Italian
Greyhounds should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Italian Greyhounds may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter
box or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or
exceptionally smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed
for toy breeds are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made
from high quality and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately,
Italian Greyhounds may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could
certainly help with weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Italian Spinone Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Italian Spinone is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 315
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Italian Spinone puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Italian
Spinone puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Italian Spinone puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Italian
Spinone puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Italian
Spinones generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Italian Spinone puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 316
nutrients. Italian Spinones shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Italian Spinones are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Italian Spinones with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Italian Spinone a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Italian
Spinones in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 317
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Italian
Spinones should be switched when they are at six years of age.
J
Jack Russell Terrier
Japanese Chin
Japanese Spitz
Jindo
Jack Russell Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Jack Russell Terrier is a small dog
breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when
fully-grown.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 318
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Jack Russell Terriers can
do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Jack Russell.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Jack
Russell puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Jack Russell puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Jack Russell puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Jack Russell Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend
to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can
get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 319
that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Jack
Russell Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if
your Jack Russell has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Jack Russell Terrier dogs is
their dental health. Jack Russell puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Jack Russell
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 320
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Jack Russell
Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Jack
Russell Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Japanese Chin Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Japanese Chin is a small dog breed.
In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 321
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Japanese Chins can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Japanese Chin.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Japanese Chin puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Japanese Chin puppy, you may
need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods
of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a
condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Japanese Chin puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Japanese Chins often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 322
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Japanese
Chins. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Japanese Chin has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered
an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Japanese Chin dogs is their
dental health. Japanese Chin puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Japanese Chins
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 323
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Japanese Chins in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Japanese
Chins should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Japanese Chins may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter
box or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or
exceptionally smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed
for toy breeds are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made
from high quality and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately,
Japanese Chins may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could
certainly help with weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 324
Japanese Spitz Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Japanese Spitz is a small dog breed.
In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Japanese Spitzs can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Japanese Spitz.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Japanese Spitz puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Japanese Spitz puppy, you may
need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods
of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a
condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 325
nutrients. Japanese Spitz puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Japanese Spitzs often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Japanese
Spitzs. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Japanese Spitz has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered
an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Japanese Spitz dogs is their
dental health. Japanese Spitz puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Japanese Spitzs
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 326
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Japanese Spitzs in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Japanese
Spitzs should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 327
Jindo Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Jindo is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Jindo dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Jindo.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Jindo
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Jindo puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 328
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Jindo dogs
should be switched when they are at around seven.
K
Keeshond
Kerry Blue Terrier
King Shepherd
Komondor
Kuvasz
Keeshond
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 329
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Keeshond is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Keeshond puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Keeshond puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Keeshond puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Keeshond puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Keeshonds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 330
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Keeshond puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Keeshonds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Keeshonds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Keeshonds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Keeshond a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 331
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Keeshonds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Keeshonds
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Kerry Blue Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Kerry Blue Terrier is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 332
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Kerry Blue Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Kerry Blue
Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Kerry
Blue Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Kerry Blue Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 333
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Kerry Blue
Terrier dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
King Shepherd Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. King Shepherd is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very
large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. King Shepherd puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 334
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your King
Shepherd puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your King Shepherd puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your King
Shepherd puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. King
Shepherds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your King Shepherd puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. King Shepherds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 335
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
King Shepherds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
King Shepherds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
King Shepherd a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior King
Shepherds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 336
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, King
Shepherds should be switched at about five years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the King Shepherds, are at
risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your King
Shepherd will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Komondor Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 337
food is a good idea. Komondor is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large
dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Komondor puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Komondor puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Komondor puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Komondor puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Komondors generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Komondor puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 338
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Komondors shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Komondors are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Komondors with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Komondor a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 339
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Komondors in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Komondors
should be switched at about five years of age.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Komondor is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to
assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Komondor is extremely
active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with
calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein
than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods
meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active
Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance
Formula.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Komondor white dogs often want to know what they can do about the
discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 340
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Kuvasz Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Kuvasz is a giant dog breed. Giant
Dog breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Kuvasz puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Kuvasz puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 341
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Kuvasz puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Kuvasz
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Kuvaszs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Kuvasz puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Kuvaszs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Kuvaszs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 342
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Kuvaszs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Kuvasz a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Kuvaszs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in case
of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Kuvaszs
should be switched at about five years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 343
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like the Kuvaszs, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Kuvasz will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Kuvasz is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to
assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Kuvasz is extremely active, it
may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with calories.
These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein than normal
to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods meet these
criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25,
Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 344
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Kuvasz white dogs often want to know what they can do about the
discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
L
Labrador Retriever
Lakeland Terrier
Landseer
Lapphund ( Lapinkoira )
Leonberger
Lhasa Apso
Lowchen
Labrador Retriever Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on
a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that
every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur
as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Labrador Retriever is
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 345
a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Lab puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Lab puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Lab puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Lab
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Labradors generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Lab puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 346
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Labradors shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Labradors are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Labradors with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Labrador a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 347
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Labradors in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Labradors
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Obesity in Labradors
Labrador Retrievers are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Labrador is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being on
a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can prescribe
foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are available at
pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications that might
help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 348
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Labrador is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Labradors, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Labrador will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Lakeland Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 349
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages.
There are certain circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a
good idea. Lakeland Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are
those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Lakeland Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Lakeland Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Lakeland Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Lakeland Terrier puppy, you
may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently..
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Lakeland Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 350
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Lakeland Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Lakeland
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Lakeland Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Lakeland Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Lakeland Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Lakeland
Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 351
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Lakeland Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Lakeland
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Landseer Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 352
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the composition
of a dog’s food is a good idea. Landseer is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are
very large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Landseer puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Landseer puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Landseer puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Landseer puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Landseers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Landseer puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 353
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Landseers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Landseers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Landseers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Landseer a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 354
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Landseers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Landseers
should be switched at about five years of age.
Lapphund Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Lapphund is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that
mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Lapphund dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Lapphund.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Lapphund puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 355
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Lapphund puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 356
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Lapphund
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Leonberger Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Leonberger is a giant dog
breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or
even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Leonberger puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Leonberger
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Leonberger puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 357
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Leonberger puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Leonbergers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Leonberger puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Leonbergers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Leonbergers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Leonbergers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 358
Leonberger a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Leonbergers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Leonbergers should be switched at about five years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 359
Lhasa Apso
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Lhasa
Apso is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are
those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Lhasa Apsos can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Lhasa.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Lhasa
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Lhasa puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 360
nutrients. Lhasa puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Lhasa Apsos often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Lhasa Apsos. This
is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Lhasa has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Lhasa Apso dogs is their dental
health. Lhasa puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Lhasa Apsos clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 361
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Lhasa Apsos in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Lhasa
Apsos should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 362
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Lhasa Apso white dogs often want to know what they can do about the
discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Lowchen Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Lowchen is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh
less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Lowchens can do well on
a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Lowchen.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 363
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Lowchen puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Lowchen puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Lowchen puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Lowchens often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Lowchens. This is
all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Lowchen has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 364
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Lowchen dogs is their dental
health. Lowchen puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Lowchens clean their own
teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some
but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent
group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help control dental
disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their
criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and
periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that
have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 365
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Lowchens in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Lowchens
should be switched when they turn eight.
M
Malinois
Maltese
Manchester Terrier
Mastiff
Mexican Hairless Terrier
Miniature Pinscher
Miniature Schnauzer
Mountain Cur
Mudi
Munsterlander
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 366
Malinois Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on a
dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that every
individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet
ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Malinois is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Malinois puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Malinois puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Malinois puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Malinois
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 367
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Malinoiss generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Malinois puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Malinoiss shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Malinoiss are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Malinoiss with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Malinois a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 368
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Malinoiss in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Malinoiss
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Maltese Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 369
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages.
There are certain circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a
good idea. Maltese is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that
weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Malteses can do well on
a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Maltese.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Maltese
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Maltese puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Maltese puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 370
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Malteses often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Malteses. This is all
fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Maltese has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Maltese dogs is their dental
health. Maltese puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Malteses clean their own
teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some
but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent
group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help control dental
disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their
criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and
periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that
have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 371
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Malteses in addition
to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Malteses
should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Malteses may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or
pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 372
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Malteses may
get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with weight
control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Maltese white dogs often want to know what they can do about the
discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Manchester Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on a
dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that every
individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet
ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 373
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Manchester Terrier is a small dog breed.
In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Manchester Terriers can
do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Manchester Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Manchester Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Manchester Terrier puppy, you
may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Manchester Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 374
Manchester Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend
to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can
get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise
that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy
Manchester Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater,
but if your Manchester Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight
problems if offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Manchester Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Manchester Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque,
tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say
that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Manchester
Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 375
AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Manchester Terriers
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Manchester Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Mastiff Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Mastiff
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 376
is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around
100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Mastiff puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Mastiff puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Mastiff puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Mastiff
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Mastiffs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Mastiff puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 377
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Mastiffs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Mastiffs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Mastiffs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Mastiff a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 378
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Mastiffs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in case
of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Mastiffs
should be switched at about five years of age.
Obesity in Mastiffs
Mastiffs are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Mastiff is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being on a
couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can prescribe
foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are available at
pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications that might
help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Mastiff is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 379
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Mastiff is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to
assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Mastiff is extremely active, it
may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with calories.
These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein than normal
to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods meet these
criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25,
Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Mexican Hairless Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Mexican
Hairless Terrier is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those
that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Mexican Hairless Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your
Mexican Hairless Terrier.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 380
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Mexican Hairless Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while
they are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is
the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Mexican Hairless Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 381
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Mexican
Hairless Terrier dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Miniature Pinscher Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Miniature Pinscher is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that
weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Miniature Pinschers can
do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Minpin.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Minpin
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Miniature Pinscher puppy, you may need to have food
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 382
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Minpin puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
However, if you are having trouble keeping your Minpin puppy slim while feeding
puppy formulations, you can switch to adult food at around 9 or 10 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Miniature Pinschers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend
to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can
get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise
that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Minpins.
This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Minpin has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Miniature Pinscher dogs is their
dental health. Miniature Pinscher puppies do commonly develop dental plaque,
tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say
that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Miniature
Pinschers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 383
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Miniature Pinschers
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 384
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Miniature
Pinschers should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Miniature Pinschers may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter
box or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or
exceptionally smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed
for toy breeds are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made
from high quality and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately,
Miniature Pinschers may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could
certainly help with weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Miniature Schnauzer Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Miniature Schnauzer is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those
that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 385
All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Miniature Schnauzers
can do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small
kibbles and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try
those with your Miniature Schnauzer.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Miniature Schnauzer puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Miniature Schnauzer puppy, you
may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Miniature Schnauzer puppies reach this stage first when they are between
9 and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Miniature Schnauzers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend
to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can
get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 386
that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Miniature
Schnauzers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Miniature Schnauzer has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Miniature Schnauzer dogs is
their dental health. Miniature Schnauzer puppies do commonly develop dental
plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many
companies say that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to
help Miniature Schnauzers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions
are backed up by good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral
Health Council (VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet
products that claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC
seal you can be sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce
the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used
regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that have been approved by the
VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 387
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Miniature
Schnauzers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
higher in case of small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Miniature
Schnauzers should be switched when they turn eight.
Obesity in Miniature Schnauzers
Miniature Schnauzers are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Miniature Schnauzer is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even
after being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she
can prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 388
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Miniature Schnauzer is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and
have obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but
when temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure
that your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially
in the winter.
Mountain Cur Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering
the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Mountain Cur is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Mountain Cur dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Mountain Cur.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Mountain Cur puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 389
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Mountain Cur puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 390
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Mountain
Cur dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Mudi Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Mudi is
a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those
that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Mudi dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Mudi.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Mudi
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Mudi puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 391
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Mudi dogs
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Munsterlander Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet ages.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 392
There are certain circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a
good idea. Munsterlander is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in
at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Munsterlander puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Munsterlander puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat,
you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on
a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Munsterlander puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Munsterlander puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Munsterlanders generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed your Munsterlander puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 393
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Munsterlanders shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Munsterlanders are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Munsterlanders with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Munsterlander a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 394
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Munsterlanders in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Munsterlanders should be switched when they are at six years of age.
N
Neapolitan Mastiff
Newfoundland
Norfolk Terrier
Norwegian Elkhound
Norwich Terrier
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Neapolitan Mastiff Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 395
should not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the composition
of a dog’s food is a good idea. Neapolitan Mastiff is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog
breeds are very large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Neapolitan Mastiff puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Neapolitan Mastiff puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Neapolitan Mastiff puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Neapolitan Mastiff puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Neapolitan Mastiffs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Neapolitan Mastiff puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 396
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Neapolitan Mastiffs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Neapolitan Mastiffs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Neapolitan Mastiffs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Neapolitan Mastiff a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility
in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food
for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 397
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Neapolitan Mastiffs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It
is much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Neapolitan
Mastiffs should be switched at about five years of age.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Neapolitan Mastiff is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Neapolitan Mastiff is
extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is
loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little
more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially
available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal
Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan
Performance Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 398
Newfoundland Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Newfoundland is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large
dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Newfoundland puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Newfoundland puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat,
you should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Newfoundland puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Newfoundland puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 399
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Newfoundlands generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed your Newfoundland puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Newfoundlands shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Newfoundlands are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Newfoundlands with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Newfoundland a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 400
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Newfoundlands in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Newfoundlands should be switched at about five years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Newfoundlands, are at risk of
a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Newfoundland will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 401
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Newfoundland is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Newfoundland is
extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is
loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little
more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially
available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal
Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan
Performance Formula.
Norfolk Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Norfolk
Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are
those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 402
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Norfolk Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Norfolk Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Norfolk
Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Norfolk Terrier puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Norfolk Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Norfolk Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 403
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Norfolk
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Norfolk Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered
an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Norfolk Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Norfolk Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Norfolk Terriers
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 404
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Norfolk Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Norfolk
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Obesity in Norfolk Terriers
Norfolk Terriers are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Norfolk Terrier is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after
being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 405
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Norfolk Terrier is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Norwegian Elkhound
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Norwegian Elkhound is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Norwegian Elkhound dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your
Norwegian Elkhound.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Norwegian Elkhound puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they
are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the
best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 406
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Norwegian Elkhound puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 407
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Norwegian
Elkhound dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Norwich Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on a
dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that every
individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a pet
ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Norwich Terrier is a small dog breed. In
general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Norwich Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Norwich Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Norwich
Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Norwich Terrier puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 408
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Norwich Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and
12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Norwich Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Norwich
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Norwich Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered
an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Norwich Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Norwich Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Norwich Terriers
clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good
research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is
an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 409
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Norwich Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 410
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Norwich
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a
medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between
20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever dogs can do well on a
standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those
with your Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Nova
Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day
while they are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal
times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and
the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 411
nutrients. Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever puppies should eat puppy food until
they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Nova
Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever dogs should be switched when they are at around
seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 412
O
Old English Sheepdog
Olde English BullDogge
Otterhound
Old English Sheepdog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Old English Sheepdog is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those
that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Old English Sheepdog puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Old
English Sheepdog puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Old English Sheepdog puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 413
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Old
English Sheepdog puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Old
English Sheepdogs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Old English Sheepdog puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Old English Sheepdogs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are
12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Old English Sheepdogs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Old English Sheepdogs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 414
the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
give your Old English Sheepdog a separate joint supplement, you can have greater
flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the
right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Old
English Sheepdogs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Old English
Sheepdogs should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Old English Sheepdogs, are
at risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 415
bloat. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat,
and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs
of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need
to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Old
English Sheepdog will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of white Old English Sheepdogs often want to know what they can do about
the discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 416
Olde English BullDogge Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Olde
English Bulldogge is a medium breed dog. In general, medium
breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Olde English Bulldogges can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Olde English
Bulldogge.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Olde
English Bulldogge puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Olde English Bulldogge puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 417
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Olde
English Bulldogges should be switched when they are at around seven.
Otterhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 418
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur as a
pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s
food is a good idea. Otterhound is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that
weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Otterhound puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Otterhound
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Otterhound puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Otterhound puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Otterhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Otterhound puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 419
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Otterhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Otterhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Otterhounds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Otterhound a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 420
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Otterhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Otterhounds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
P
Papillon
Parson Russell Terrier
Patterdale Terrier
Pekingese
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Pharaoh Hound
Plott Hound
Pointer
Pomeranian
Poodle
Portuguese Water Dog
Presa Canario
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 421
Pudelpointer
Pug
Puli
Pumi
Papillon
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Papillon is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are
those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Papillons can do well on
a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Papillon.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Papillon
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Papillon puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 422
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Papillon puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Papillons often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Papillons. This is
all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Papillon has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Papillon dogs is their dental
health. Papillon puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Papillons clean their own
teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some
but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent
group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help control dental
disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their
criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and
periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that
have been approved by the VOHC include:
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 423
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Papillons in addition
to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 424
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Papillons
should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Papillons may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or
pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Papillons may
get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with weight
control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Parson Russell Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Parson Russell Terrier is a small dog breed.
In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-
grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Parson Russell Terriers
can do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small
kibbles and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try
those with your Parson Russell Terrier.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 425
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Parson
Russell Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Parson Russell Terrier puppy,
you may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Parson Russell Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are
between 9 and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Parson Russell Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers
tend to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they
can get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also
advertise that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy
Parson Russell Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky
eater, but if your Parson Russell Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having
weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 426
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Parson Russell Terrier dogs is
their dental health. Parson Russell Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental
plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many
companies say that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to
help Parson Russell Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions
are backed up by good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral
Health Council (VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet
products that claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC
seal you can be sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce
the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used
regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that have been approved by the
VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 427
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Parson Russell
Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Parson
Russell Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Patterdale Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Patterdale Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that
weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Patterdale Terriers can
do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Patterdale Terrier.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 428
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Patterdale Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Patterdale Terrier puppy, you
may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Patterdale Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Patterdale Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Patterdale
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Patterdale Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 429
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Patterdale Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Patterdale Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Patterdale
Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 430
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Patterdale Terriers
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Patterdale
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Pekingese Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Pekingese is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds
are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Pekingeses can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Peke.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 431
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Pekingese puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized Peke puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Peke puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Pekingeses often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Pekingeses. This is
all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Peke has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 432
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Pekingese dogs is their dental
health. Pekingese puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Pekingeses clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 433
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Pekingeses in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Pekingeses should be switched when they turn eight.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Pekingeses, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Pekingese will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 434
Pembroke Welsh Corgi Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a medium breed dog. In general, medium
breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Welsh
Corgi.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Pembroke Welsh Corgi puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while
they are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is
the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Pembroke Welsh Corgi puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 435
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Pembroke
Welsh Corgi dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in Pembroke Welsh Corgis
Pembroke Welsh Corgis are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Welsh Corgi is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 436
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Pembroke Welsh Corgi is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and
have obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but
when temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure
that your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially
in the winter.
Pharaoh Hound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Pharaoh Hound is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Pharaoh Hound dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 437
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Pharaoh
Hound.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Pharaoh Hound puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Pharaoh Hound puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 438
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Pharaoh
Hound dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Plott Hound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering
the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Plott Hound is a medium breed dog.
In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Plott Hound dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Plott Hound.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Plott
Hound puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 439
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Plott Hound puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Plott
Hound dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 440
Pointer
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Pointer
is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Pointer dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Pointer.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Pointer
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Pointer puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 441
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Pointer
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Pomeranian Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely on
a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think that
every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t occur
as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering the
composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Pomeranian is a small
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 442
dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds
when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Pomeranians can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Pomeranian.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Pomeranian puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized Pom puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Pom puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 443
Pomeranians often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Pomeranians.
This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Pom has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Pomeranian dogs is their dental
health. Pomeranian puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Pomeranians clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 444
AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Pomeranians in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Pomeranians should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Pomeranians may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or
pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Pomeranians
may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with
weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 445
Poodle Poodles come in 3 sizes – Standard, Miniature and Toy. Standard Poodle Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Standard Poodle is a large dog breed that weighs around 45-70 lbs.
Large dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Standard Poodle puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Standard Poodle puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Standard Poodle puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 446
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Standard Poodle puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics
plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Standard Poodles generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Standard Poodle puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Standard Poodles shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Standard Poodles are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Standard Poodles with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 447
your Standard Poodle a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Standard Poodles in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Standard
Poodles should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Standard Poodles, are at risk
of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 448
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Standard
Poodle will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Miniature Poodle
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Miniature Poodle is a small dog breed that weighs around 15-
17 lbs. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when
fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Miniature Poodles can do
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 449
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Miniature Poodle.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Miniature Poodle puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Miniature Poodle puppy, you
may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long
periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar
levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Miniature Poodle puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Miniature Poodles often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Miniature
Poodles. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 450
Miniature Poodle has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Miniature Poodle dogs is their
dental health. Miniature Poodle puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Miniature
Poodles clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 451
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Miniature Poodles in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Miniature
Poodles should be switched when they turn eight.
Obesity in Miniature Poodles
Miniature Poodles are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Miniature Poodle is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after
being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 452
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Miniature Poodle is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Miniature Poodles, are at risk
of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Miniature
Poodle will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 453
Toy Poodle Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Toy
Poodle is a small dog breed that weighs around 6-9 lbs. In general, small dog breeds
are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Toy Poodles can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Toy Poodle.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Toy
Poodle puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Toy Poodle puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Toy Poodle puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 454
months of age. However, if you are having trouble keeping your Toy Poodle puppy
slim while feeding puppy formulations, it’s better to switch to adult food at around 9
or 10 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Toy Poodles often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Toy Poodles. This
is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Toy Poodle has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Toy Poodle dogs is their dental
health. Toy Poodle puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Toy Poodles clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 455
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Toy Poodles in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Toy
Poodles should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 456
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Toy Poodles may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or
pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Toy Poodles
may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with
weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Portuguese Water Dog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Portuguese Water Dog is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Portuguese Water Dog dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your
Portuguese Water Dog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Portuguese Water Dog puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while
they are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 457
the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Portuguese Water Dog puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 458
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Portuguese
Water Dog dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Portuguese Water Dog is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform
various tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to
replace the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Portuguese
Water Dog is extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite
it takes is loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have
a little more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several
commercially available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium
Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High
Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
Presa Canario Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Presa Canario is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh
in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Presa Canario puppies, in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 459
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Presa
Canario puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Presa Canario puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Presa
Canario puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Presa
Canarios generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Presa Canario puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Presa Canarios shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 460
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Presa Canarios are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Presa Canarios with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Presa Canario a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Presa
Canarios in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 461
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Presa
Canarios should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Pudelpointer
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Pudelpointer is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that
mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Pudelpointer dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Pudelpointer.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Pudelpointer puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 462
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Pudelpointer puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 463
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Pudelpointer dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Pug Foods Based on a Dog’s Size
Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Pug is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that
weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Pugs can do well on a
standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Pug.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Pug
puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Pug puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 464
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Pug puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12 months
of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Pugs often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make their
diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Pugs. This is all
fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Pug has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Pug dogs is their dental health.
Pug puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal
disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add ingredients or
design their kibbles in such a way as to help Pugs clean their own teeth while they
chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some but not all cases.
The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent group that has set up
standards for pet products that claim to help control dental disease. If a product
displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically
proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease
when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that have been approved
by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 465
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Pugs in addition to
their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Pugs
should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 466
Obesity in Pugs
Pugs are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Pug is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being on a
couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can prescribe
foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are available at
pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications that might
help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Pug is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Pugs may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or pads
for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally smelly
feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds are
designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality and
digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Pugs may get little in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 467
the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with weight control
despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Puli Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Puli is
a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those
that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Puli dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Puli.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Puli
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Puli puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 468
Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Puli dogs
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Pumi Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 469
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Pumi is a medium breed
dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55
pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Pumi dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Pumi.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Pumi
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Pumi puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 470
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Pumi dogs
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Q
No Breeds Listed
R
Rat Terrier
Redbone Coonhound
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Rottweiler
Rat Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 471
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when altering
the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Rat Terrier is a medium breed dog.
In general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Rat Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Rat Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Rat
Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Rat Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 472
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Rat Terrier
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Redbone Coonhound Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Redbone Coonhound is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those
that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Redbone Coonhound puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 473
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Redbone puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Redbone puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Redbone puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Redbone Coonhounds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Redbone puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and
the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Redbone Coonhounds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are
12-14 months old.
Adults
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 474
Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Redbone Coonhounds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Redbones with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Redbone a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Redbone Coonhounds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 475
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Redbone
Coonhounds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Rhodesian Ridgeback Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Rhodesian Ridgeback is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those
that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Rhodesian Ridgeback puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Ridgeback puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 476
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Ridgeback puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Ridgeback puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Rhodesian Ridgebacks generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your Rhodesian Ridgeback puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Rhodesian Ridgebacks shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are
12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Rhodesian Ridgebacks are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 477
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Ridgebacks with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Ridgeback a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Rhodesian Ridgebacks in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each
of the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Rhodesian
Ridgebacks should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 478
Rottweiler Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Rottweiler is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that
weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Rottweiler puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Rottweiler puppy.
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Rottweiler puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your
Rottweiler puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 479
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Rottweilers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Rottweiler puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Rottweilers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Rottweilers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Rotties with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Rottie a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 480
AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Rottweilers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Rottweilers
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Rottweilers, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Rottie will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 481
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Rottweiler is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to
assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Rottie is extremely active, it
may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with calories.
These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein than normal
to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods meet these
criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active Special 25,
Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance Formula.
S
Saint Bernard
Saluki
Samoyed
Schipperke
Scottish Terrier
Shetland Sheepdog
Shiba Inu
Shih Tzu
Shiloh Shepherd
Siberian Husky
Skye Terrier
Smooth Fox Terrier
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 482
Smoushond
Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
Spanish Water Dog
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Saint Bernard Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Saint Bernard is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large
dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Saint Bernard puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Saint Bernard
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Saint Bernard puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 483
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Saint
Bernard puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Saint
Bernards generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Saint Bernard puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Saint Bernards shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Saint Bernards are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Saint Bernards with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 484
Saint Bernard a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Saint
Bernards in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Saint
Bernards should be switched at about five years of age.
Obesity in Saint Bernards
Saint Bernards are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Saint Bernard is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 485
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Saint Bernard is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have
obesity issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Saint Bernard is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks
to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Saint Bernard is extremely
active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with
calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein
than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods
meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active
Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance
Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 486
Saluki Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Saluki is a medium breed dog. In general,
medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Saluki dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Saluki.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Saluki
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Saluki puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 487
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Saluki
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Salukis, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Saluki will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 488
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Samoyed Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Samoyed is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed
dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Samoyed dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Samoyed.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Samoyed puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 489
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Samoyed puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Samoyed
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 490
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Samoyeds, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Samoyed will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Samoyed is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various tasks to
assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace the
calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Samoyed is extremely
active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is loaded with
calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little more protein
than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially available foods
meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal Canin Active
Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan Performance
Formula.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 491
Owners of Samoyed white dogs often want to know what they can do about the
discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths. Tears and saliva
contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color when exposed to
air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful eye along with
excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise, the staining is
simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect on porphyrin
staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to premium pet
foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes with a warm, wet
cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more aggressive treatment, talk
to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain types of antibiotics (e.g.,
tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use around the eyes and
mouth.
Schipperke Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Schipperke is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are
those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Schipperkes can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Schipperke.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Schipperke puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 492
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized Schipperke puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Schipperke puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Schipperkes often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Schipperkes. This
is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Schipperke has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Schipperke dogs is their dental
health. Schipperke puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Schipperkes clean their
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 493
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Schipperkes in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 494
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Schipperkes should be switched when they turn eight.
Scottish Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Scottish Terrier is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large
dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Scottish Terrier puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Scottie
puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should
better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 495
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Scottie puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Scottie
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Scottish Terriers generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed your Scottie puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Scottish Terriers shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Scottish Terriers are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 496
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Scottish Terriers with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Scottie a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Scottish Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the
two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Scottish
Terriers should be switched at about five years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 497
Shetland Sheepdog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Shetland Sheepdog is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Shetland Sheepdogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Sheltie.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Shetland Sheepdog puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they
are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the
best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Sheltie puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 498
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Shetland
Sheepdogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Obesity in Shetland Sheepdogs
Shetland Sheepdogs are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Shetland Sheepdog is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after
being on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 499
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Sheltie is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Shiba Inu Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Shiba
Inu is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Shiba Inu dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Shiba Inu.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 500
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Shiba
Inu puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Shiba Inu puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 501
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Shiba Inu
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Shih Tzu
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Shih Tzu is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are
those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Shih Tzus can do well on
a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high
levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with your
Shih Tzu.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Shih
Tzu puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old, after
which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions at
specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you have
an extremely small sized Shih Tzu puppy, you may need to have food constantly
available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs
are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can be
prevented if they eat frequently.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 502
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Shih Tzu puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Shih Tzus often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Shih Tzus. This is
all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Shih Tzu has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Shih Tzu dogs is their dental
health. Shih Tzu puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and
periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Shih Tzus clean their own
teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in some
but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent
group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help control dental
disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their
criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and
periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that
have been approved by the VOHC include:
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 503
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Shih Tzus in addition
to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the manufacturer
advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the aging process
and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental disease. The
biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of small breed
food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 504
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Shih Tzus
should be switched when they turn eight.
Obesity in Shih Tzus
Shih Tzus are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Shih Tzu is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being on a
couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can prescribe
foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are available at
pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications that might
help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Shih Tzu is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 505
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Shih Tzus may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter box or
pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or exceptionally
smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed for toy breeds
are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made from high quality
and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately, Shih Tzus may
get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could certainly help with weight
control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Shiloh Shepherd
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Shiloh Shepherd is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very
large dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Shiloh Shepherd puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Shiloh
Shepherd puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 506
should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Shiloh Shepherd puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Shiloh
Shepherd puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Shiloh
Shepherds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Shiloh Shepherd puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Shiloh Shepherds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 507
Shiloh Shepherds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Shiloh Shepherds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the
food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give
your Shiloh Shepherd a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Shiloh
Shepherds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
much less in case of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 508
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Shiloh
Shepherds should be switched at about five years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Shiloh Shepherds, are at risk
of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat.
Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and
some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of
individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to
manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Shiloh
Shepherd will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Siberian Husky
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Siberian Husky is a medium breed dog. In
general, medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 509
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Siberian Husky dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Siberian
Husky.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Siberian
Husky puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Siberian Husky puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 510
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Siberian
Husky dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Siberian Husky is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Siberian Husky is
extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is
loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little
more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially
available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal
Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan
Performance Formula.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 511
Skye Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Skye Terrier is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs
are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Skye Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Skye Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Skye
Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Skye Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 512
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Skye
Terrier dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 513
Smooth Fox Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Smooth
Fox Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh
less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Smooth Fox Terriers can
do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Smooth Fox Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Smooth
Fox Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized Smooth Fox Terrier puppy, you may need to have
food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such
small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that
can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 514
nutrients. Smooth Fox Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Smooth Fox Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend
to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can
get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise
that they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Smooth
Fox Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Smooth Fox Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Smooth Fox Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Smooth Fox Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque,
tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say
that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Smooth Fox
Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 515
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Smooth Fox Terriers
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Smooth
Fox Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 516
Smoushond
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Smoushond is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds
are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Smoushonds can do well
on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and
high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those with
your Smoushond.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Smoushond puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized Smoushond puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 517
nutrients. Smoushond puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Smoushonds often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to make
their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a lot of
nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that they
make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Smoushonds. This
is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your Smoushond has a
good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally
tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Smoushond dogs is their dental
health. Smoushond puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Smoushonds clean their
own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research in
some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 518
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Smoushonds in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Smoushonds should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 519
Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier is a medium breed dog. In general,
medium breed dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier dogs can do well on a standard
puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat
and protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your
Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Soft
Coated Wheaten Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while
they are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is
the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are
12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 520
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Soft
Coated Wheaten Terrier dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Can Diet Help with Tear and Saliva Stains?
Owners of Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier white dogs often want to know what they
can do about the discolored fur under their pets’ eyes and around their mouths.
Tears and saliva contain a pigment called porphyrin that turns a reddish-brown color
when exposed to air. If you suspect that your dog is unwell (e.g., has a red or painful
eye along with excessive tear formation), see a veterinarian immediately. Otherwise,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 521
the staining is simply a cosmetic issue. In general, dietary changes have little effect
on porphyrin staining, although some owners report improvement after switching to
premium pet foods or offering only distilled water. Simply wiping your dog’s eyes
with a warm, wet cloth will minimize the discoloration in this area. For more
aggressive treatment, talk to your veterinarian about the advisability of using certain
types of antibiotics (e.g., tylosin) or try a cleaning and bleaching solution safe for use
around the eyes and mouth.
Spanish Water Dog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Spanish
Water Dog is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that
mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Spanish Water Dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Spanish Water
Dog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Spanish
Water Dog puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 522
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Spanish Water Dog puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Spanish
Water Dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 523
Staffordshire Bull Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Staffordshire Bull Terrier is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Staffordshire Bull Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Staffie.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Staffordshire Bull Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while
they are growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is
the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Staffie puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 524
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Staffordshire Bull Terrier dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
T
Tasy
Thai Ridgeback
Tibetan Mastiff
Tibetan Spaniel
Tibetan Terrier
Tosa Inu
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 525
Tasy Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Tasy is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those that weigh in at over
55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Tasy puppies, in particular, benefit
from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs are
prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally rapid
growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat content
and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows growth
to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Tasy puppy. Since
standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give it a
puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Tasy puppy at risk for developmental orthopedic
diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the amount of
calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Tasy
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 526
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Tasys
generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most cases,
offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your Tasy
puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Tasys shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Tasys are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Tasys with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not the
only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Tasy a
separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 527
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Tasys
in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant like regular
formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in
case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Tasys
should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Thai Ridgeback
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Thai Ridgeback is a large dog breed. Large
dogs are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 528
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Thai Ridgeback puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Thai
Ridgeback puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you
should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a
dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Thai Ridgeback puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Thai
Ridgeback puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays
a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Thai
Ridgebacks generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Thai Ridgeback puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the
amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 529
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Thai Ridgebacks shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Thai Ridgebacks are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Thai Ridgebacks with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Thai Ridgeback a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in
picking the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for
your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Thai
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 530
Ridgebacks in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Thai
Ridgebacks should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Tibetan Mastiff Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Tibetan Mastiff is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large
dog breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Tibetan Mastiff puppies, in
particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 531
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your
Tibetan Mastiff puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat,
you should better give it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry
matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Tibetan Mastiff puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Tibetan
Mastiff puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a
very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Tibetan
Mastiffs generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Tibetan Mastiff puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount
he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Tibetan Mastiffs shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 532
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Tibetan Mastiffs are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on
joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and
other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Tibetan Mastiffs with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food
is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Tibetan Mastiff a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking
the most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your
pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Tibetan
Mastiffs in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets,
the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of
the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in case
of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 533
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Tibetan
Mastiffs should be switched at about five years of age.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions
Tibetan Mastiff is one of the working dogs that can be trained to perform various
tasks to assist people. These dogs may have trouble eating enough food to replace
the calories that they burn over the course of a day. If your Tibetan Mastiff is
extremely active, it may need to eat foods high in fat so that every bite it takes is
loaded with calories. These diets should also be very digestible and have a little
more protein than normal to support muscle maintenance. Several commercially
available foods meet these criteria including Eukanuba Premium Performance, Royal
Canin Active Special 25, Nutro Natural Choice Adult High Energy, and ProPlan
Performance Formula.
Tibetan Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Tibetan Spaniel is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds
are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 534
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Tibetan Spaniels can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Tibetan Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Tibetan
Spaniel puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months old,
after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured portions
at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be
closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case you
have an extremely small sized Tibetan Spaniel puppy, you may need to have food
constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such small
sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that can
be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Tibetan Spaniel puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Tibetan Spaniels often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 535
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Tibetan
Spaniels. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Tibetan Spaniel has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered
an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Tibetan Spaniel dogs is their
dental health. Tibetan Spaniel puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Tibetan
Spaniels clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 536
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Tibetan Spaniels in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Tibetan
Spaniels should be switched when they turn eight.
Tibetan Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Tibetan Terrier is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed
dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Tibetan Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy food,
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 537
some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Tibetan Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Tibetan
Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Tibetan Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 538
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Tibetan
Terrier dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Tosa Inu Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Tosa
Inu is a giant dog breed. Giant Dog breeds are very large dog
breeds weighing around 100 pounds or even more.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of giant breeds. Tosa Inu puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Giant breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Tosa Inu puppy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 539
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a giant breed puppy foods having less fat content on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Tosa Inu puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding giant breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Tosa Inu
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Tosa
Inus generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed your
Tosa Inu puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Tosa Inus shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14 months
old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make giant
breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 540
Tosa Inus are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their giant breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most giant breed adult dog foods is on joint health and
preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Tosa Inus with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is not
the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your Tosa
Inu a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the most
effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for giant dog breeds. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior Tosa
Inus in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much less in case
of giant breed food, the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Tosa Inus
should be switched at about five years of age.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 541
U
No Breeds Listed
V
Vizsla Vizsla Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Vizsla is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are
those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Vizsla dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Vizsla.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Vizsla
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 542
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Vizsla puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Vizsla dogs
should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 543
W
Weimaraner
Welsh Springer Spaniel
Welsh Terrier
West Highland White Terrier
Whippet
White German Shepherd (American White Shepherd)
Wire Fox Terrier
Wolfdog
Weimaraner Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Weimaraner is a large dog breed. Large dogs
are those that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. Weimaraner puppies, in particular,
benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them. These dogs
are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and abnormally
rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a lower fat
content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods. This slows
growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your Weim puppy.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 544
Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25% fat, you should better give
it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12% on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your Weimaraner puppy at risk for developmental
orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully balance the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your Weim
puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases. Genetics plays a very
large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never use calcium
supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal, you have
gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Weimaraners generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In
most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed
your Weim puppy so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Weimaraners shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they are 12-14
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 545
Weimaraners are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food manufacturers
acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large breed formulas
as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is on joint health
and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine and other
ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity and
quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
Weimaraners with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in the food is
not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you give your
Weim a separate joint supplement, you can have greater flexibility in picking the
most effective formulation and dose while also choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior
Weimaraners in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint protectant
like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is much
less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 546
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general,
Weimaraners should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Obesity in Weimaraners
Weimaraners are generally prone to gaining weight.
If your Weimaraner is prone to weight gain and is not losing weight even after being
on a couple of over-the-counter foods, talk to your veterinarian. He or she can
prescribe foods that are much more fat and calorie restricted than those that are
available at pet stores, determine whether your dog is a candidate for medications
that might help with weight loss, and generally oversee your pet’s diet.
If you are trying to find a food that will help him avoid obesity, look for a diet that has
the same characteristics as the weight loss products: reduced caloric density, low fat
levels, and an increased amount of fiber. In fact, over-the-counter diet foods can be
used for weight-maintenance; dogs just need to eat a little more than they would if
they were trying to lose weight. Finally, remember that without sufficient exercise
and reducing the number of calories available from treats and table scraps,
maintaining a healthy weight is extremely difficult no matter what type of food your
dog is eating.
If your Weim is kenneled outdoors may also not be very active and have obesity
issues. A high fiber, low fat food can help in this situation as well, but when
temperatures drop, the pet’s caloric needs will increase. You must make sure that
your dog eats enough to maintain their weight when kenneled outside especially in
the winter.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Weimaraners, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 547
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Weimaraner will
develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Welsh Springer Spaniel Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Welsh
Springer Spaniel is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those
that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Welsh Springer Spaniel dogs can do well on a standard puppy
food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and
protein specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Welsh
Springer Spaniel.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Welsh
Springer Spaniel puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 548
way to feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he
eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Welsh Springer Spaniel puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12
months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 549
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Welsh
Springer Spaniel dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Welsh Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Welsh Terrier is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed
dogs are those that mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Welsh Terrier dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Welsh Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Welsh
Terrier puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing.
In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to
feed a dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats
controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 550
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Welsh Terrier puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Welsh
Terrier dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 551
West Highland White Terrier
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. West
Highland White Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small
dog breeds are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although West Highland White
Terriers can do well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with
small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You
can try those with your West Highland White Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. West
Highland White Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized West Highland White Terrier
puppy, you may need to have food constantly available, particularly if you are away
for long periods of time. Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood
sugar levels), a condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 552
nutrients. West Highland White Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are
between 9 and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
West Highland White Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food
manufacturers tend to make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In
this way, they can get a lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some
companies also advertise that they make these formulations smell or taste extra
good to tempt fussy West Highland White Terriers. This is all fine and good if you
are dealing with a picky eater, but if your West Highland White Terrier has a good
appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an exceptionally tasty,
calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to West Highland White Terrier
dogs is their dental health. West Highland White Terrier puppies do commonly
develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older,
and many companies say that they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a
way as to help West Highland White Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew.
These assertions are backed up by good research in some but not all cases. The
Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an independent group that has set up
standards for pet products that claim to help control dental disease. If a product
displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically
proven to reduce the severity of plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease
when used regularly. Over-the-counter products for dogs that have been approved
by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 553
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior West Highland
White Terriers in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two
diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various
aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help
prevent dental disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is
higher in case of small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343
kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, West
Highland White Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 554
Whippet
Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Whippet is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that
mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Whippet dogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Whippet.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Whippet
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Whippet puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 555
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Whippet
dogs should be switched when they are at around seven.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like Whippets, are at risk of a
potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. Many
factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat, and some of
them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs of individuals
prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need to manage
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 556
your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your Whippet will develop
GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
White German Shepherd Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. White
German Shepherd is a large dog breed. Large dogs are those
that weigh in at over 55 pounds as adults.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of large breeds. White German Shepherd puppies,
in particular, benefit from eating a food that has been designed specifically for them.
These dogs are prone to developmental orthopedic diseases like hip dysplasia, and
abnormally rapid growth rates increase their risk. Large breed puppy foods have a
lower fat content and therefore a lower caloric density than do typical puppy foods.
This slows growth to a much healthier rate. You can try those foods with your White
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 557
German Shepherd puppy. Since standard puppy foods can contain from 10% to 25%
fat, you should better give it a puppy food having fat content of between 8% and 12%
on a dry matter basis.
Eating a food with too much calcium and phosphorus and a high calcium to
phosphorus ratio can also put your White German Shepherd puppy at risk for
developmental orthopedic diseases. Therefore, manufacturers lower and carefully
balance the amount of calcium and phosphorus in these foods.
Unfortunately, feeding large breed puppy food does not guarantee that your White
German Shepherd puppy will be free of developmental orthopedic diseases.
Genetics plays a very large role as well, but if you feed an appropriate diet, never
use calcium supplements, and keep your dog active and on the thin side of normal,
you have gone a long way towards keeping your pet’s bones healthy.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. White
German Shepherds generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are
growing. In most cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best
way to feed your White German Shepherd puppy so that his appetite can be closely
monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. White German Shepherds shouldn’t be switched to adult food until they
are 12-14 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
large breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 558
White German Shepherds are not immune to dental problems, and many pet food
manufacturers acknowledge this by adding their oral care innovations to their large
breed formulas as well. However, the focus of most large breed adult dog foods is
on joint health and preventing weight gain. Many of these diets include glucosamine
and other ingredients that help protect and heal cartilage and/or increase the quantity
and quality of joint fluid. These nutraceuticals can be a very important part of treating
White German Shepherds with joint diseases like osteoarthritis, but including them in
the food is not the only, or necessarily the best way to give them to your pet. If you
give your White German Shepherd a separate joint supplement, you can have
greater flexibility in picking the most effective formulation and dose while also
choosing the right food for your pet.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for large breed dogs. For example, the Iams company offers foods for senior White
German Shepherds in addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of
the two diets, the manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with
various aspects of the aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to
help prevent dental disease. These formulas also contain glucosamine, a joint
protectant like regular formulas. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per
cup. It is much less in case of large breed food (293 kcal/cup), the regular version
being 343 kcal/cup.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 559
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, White
German Shepherds should be switched when they are at six years of age.
Feeding Methods for Breeds with a Tendency to Bloat All dogs, but especially large, deep-chested breeds like White German Shepherds,
are at risk of a potentially fatal disease called gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or
bloat. Many factors play a role in determining if or when an individual might bloat,
and some of them have to do with diet and feeding methods. The nutritional needs
of individuals prone to GDV are no different from those of other dogs, but you need
to manage your pet’s meals carefully. To minimize the chances that your White
German Shepherd will develop GDV, follow these guidelines:
• feed two to four meals daily.
• encourage your dog to eat slowly. Place large rocks in his food bowl so that
he has to pick around them to get a small mouthful of food. If there is more
than one dog in the house, separate them at mealtimes to reduce any sense
of competition.
• Do not mix water with dry kibble. There is some evidence that this can
increase the risk of bloat.
• Do not exercise your dog one hour before and two hours after eating.
Wire Fox Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea. Wire
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 560
Fox Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds are those that weigh
less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Wire Fox Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Wire Fox Terrier.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Wire
Fox Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six months
old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering measured
portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his appetite can
be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent obesity. In case
you have an extremely small sized Wire Fox Terrier puppy, you may need to have
food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time. Such
small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a condition that
can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Wire Fox Terrier puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9
and 12 months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 561
Wire Fox Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Wire Fox
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Wire Fox Terrier has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if
offered an exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Wire Fox Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Wire Fox Terrier puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar,
gingivitis, and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that
they add ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Wire Fox
Terriers clean their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by
good research in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) is an independent group that has set up standards for pet products that
claim to help control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be
sure that it has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of
plaque and tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-
counter products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 562
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Wire Fox Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Wire Fox
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Wolfdog Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based solely
on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should not think
that every individual’s needs are identical or that changes don’t
occur as a pet ages. There are certain circumstances when
altering the composition of a dog’s food is a good idea.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 563
Wolfdog is a medium breed dog. In general, medium breed dogs are those that
mature between 20 and 55 pound.
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important. Although Wolfdogs can do well on a standard puppy food, some
manufacturers make diets with small kibbles and high levels of fat and protein
specifically for the medium-sized breeds. You can try those with your Wolfdog.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults. Wolfdog
puppies generally do well if they are fed twice a day while they are growing. In most
cases, offering measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a
dog so that his appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled
to prevent obesity.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Wolfdog puppies should eat puppy food until they are 12 months old.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
medium breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in
an attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 564
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for variously sized dogs. Looking closely at those foods often reveals, however, that
they are not very different from one another.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Wolfdogs
should be switched when they are at around seven.
X
No Breeds Listed
Y
Yorkshire Terrier Yorkshire Terrier Foods Based on a Dog’s Size Even though making nutritional recommendations based
solely on a dog’s size or breed is tricky, dog owners should
not think that every individual’s needs are identical or that
changes don’t occur as a pet ages. There are certain
circumstances when altering the composition of a dog’s food
is a good idea. Yorkshire Terrier is a small dog breed. In general, small dog breeds
are those that weigh less than 20 pounds when fully-grown.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 565
Puppies All young, rapidly growing dogs need to eat puppy food, and picking the right type is
important, especially for owners of small breeds. Although Yorkshire Terriers can do
well on a standard puppy food, some manufacturers make diets with small kibbles
and high levels of fat and protein specifically for the small breeds. You can try those
with your Yorkie.
Young, growing dogs of all sizes need to eat more frequently than do adults.
Yorkshire Terrier puppies should eat at least three times a day until they are six
months old, after which time they can eat twice daily. In most cases, offering
measured portions at specific meal times is the best way to feed a dog so that his
appetite can be closely monitored and the amount he eats controlled to prevent
obesity. In case you have an extremely small sized Yorkie puppy, you may need to
have food constantly available, particularly if you are away for long periods of time.
Such small sized dogs are prone to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), a
condition that can be prevented if they eat frequently.
When to switch from puppy to adult food is another question commonly asked by dog
owners. The answer depends on how large the dog will be when it grows up. The
goal is to feed puppy food until a dog has reached approximately 80% of its ideal,
adult weight. At this point, the rate at which the animal is growing greatly slows
down, which lessens the need for increased levels of energy, protein, and other
nutrients. Yorkie puppies reach this stage first when they are between 9 and 12
months of age.
Adults Once dogs have reached adulthood, their nutritional needs are fairly similar
regardless of their size or breed. Nonetheless, many dog food companies make
small breed adult formulas in addition to their traditional adult maintenance food in an
attempt to address typical health problems and sell more product than their
competitors.
Yorkshire Terriers often have rather finicky appetites, so food manufacturers tend to
make their diets exceptionally nutrient and energy dense. In this way, they can get a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 566
lot of nutrition out of a small portion of food. Some companies also advertise that
they make these formulations smell or taste extra good to tempt fussy Yorkshire
Terriers. This is all fine and good if you are dealing with a picky eater, but if your
Yorkie has a good appetite, he might start having weight problems if offered an
exceptionally tasty, calorie-rich food.
Another area where pet food manufacturers cater to Yorkshire Terrier dogs is their
dental health. Yorkie puppies do commonly develop dental plaque, tartar, gingivitis,
and periodontal disease as they get older, and many companies say that they add
ingredients or design their kibbles in such a way as to help Yorkshire Terriers clean
their own teeth while they chew. These assertions are backed up by good research
in some but not all cases. The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) is an
independent group that has set up standards for pet products that claim to help
control dental disease. If a product displays the VOHC seal you can be sure that it
has met their criteria and is clinically proven to reduce the severity of plaque and
tartar buildup and periodontal disease when used regularly. Over-the-counter
products for dogs that have been approved by the VOHC include:
• Del Monte Tartar Check Dog Biscuits
• Science Diet Oral Care Diet for Dogs
• Iams Chunk Dental Defense Diet for Dogs
• Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Diet for Dogs
• Vetradent 'Bluechews' and “Baby Bluechews”
• Canine Greenies - includes Original, Lite and Senior varieties
• Diamond Foods Bright Bites and Checkups Chews for Dogs - all sizes
• Healthymouth anti-plaque water additive
Other approved products are also available through veterinarians, but dog owners
should remember that regular tooth brushing is always the most effective way to
maintain their pet’s oral health.
Seniors AAFCO does not have a separate nutrient profile for older dogs, but many food
companies do offer diets specifically designed for these pets. The products differ a
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 567
bit in how they address the concerns of older animals, but in general they contain
lower levels of fat to help prevent obesity, and moderate levels of protein aimed at
maintaining muscle mass while not overworking the kidneys, the organ responsible
for excreting the waste products of protein digestion.
Other than fat and protein levels, the nutrient profile for a senior food will probably be
very similar to that of a diet for younger adults. In fact, many companies simply
continue the characteristics of their maintenance lines into their senior formulations
for small dog breeds. The Iams company offers foods for senior Yorkshire Terriers in
addition to their regular “Active Maturity” product. In each of the two diets, the
manufacturer advertises that it adds anti-oxidants to help with various aspects of the
aging process and formulates the kibbles in such a way as to help prevent dental
disease. The biggest difference is in the calorie count per cup. It is higher in case of
small breed food (383 kcal/cup), the regular version being 343 kcal/cup.
Even though the differences between adult maintenance and senior foods are not
very profound, most veterinarians still recommend that owners make a diet change
when pets get older. Because dogs mature at different rates based on their size, the
age at which they should start to eat a senior pet food varies. In general, Yorkshire
Terriers should be switched when they turn eight.
Special Needs Based on Living Conditions Sometimes a dog’s living conditions can create out-of-the-ordinary dietary needs.
Yorkshire Terriers may live almost exclusively indoors. These pets may use a litter
box or pads for elimination, and a diet that produces loose, voluminous, or
exceptionally smelly feces would be very undesirable. Some of the foods marketed
for toy breeds are designed to address these issues, but any low fiber food made
from high quality and digestible ingredients would probably also work. Unfortunately,
Yorkshire Terriers may get little in the way of exercise, and fiber in their diet could
certainly help with weight control despite its other, less-desirable effects.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 568
Z
No Breeds Listed
Chapter 6: Conclusions
Over the last few years, pet food companies have developed diets that cater to the
needs, both real and perceived, of many different types of dogs. As your dog’s
caretaker, you should be aware of the situations when his dietary needs may differ
from the norm, and if you have any questions or concerns, talk to your veterinarian.
But, most dogs, regardless of their size or breed, will do very well if fed a high
quality, age-appropriate food, even if it doesn’t include all the latest bells and
whistles.
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Trainpetdog.com All Rights Reserved. 569
Annexure I: Some Important Tables
1. Nutritionists differ as to what the ideal level of the nutrients should be, but the
following two tables are fairly typical.
Small & Medium Breeds
Calcium (Ca) (% dry matter)
0.7-1.7
Phosphorus (P) (% dry matter)
0.6-1.3
Ca:P ratio 1:1 – 1.8:1
.
Large and Giant breeds
Calcium (Ca) (% dry matter)
0.7-1.2
Phosphorus (P) (% dry matter)
0.6-1.1
Ca:P ratio 1:1 – 1.5:1
Hand, Michael and Novotny, Bruce; Pocket Companion to Small Animal Clinical Nutrition,
4th
edition; Mark Morris Institute; 2002.
2. Recommendations for appropriate fat and protein levels for adult dogs of various
ages are found in the table below.
Young to Middle Aged Dogs Older Dogs
Fat (% dry matter) 10-20 7-15
Protein (% dry matter) 15-30 15-23
Hand, Michael and Novotny, Bruce; Pocket Companion to Small Animal Clinical Nutrition,
4th
edition; Mark Morris Institute; 2002.