“Unarvu” Impact Assessment of the Community Radio Awareness Programme for Tribal Development in...

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The broadcast of “Unarvu” series started on 15th of January 2014 for a period of one year. Tribal folks immensely benefit from Radio Mattoli awareness programs on health, education, promotion of tribal culture, employment generation etc. The achievements of the programme is validated through the impact assessment study.

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  • Unarvu Impact assessment of the Community

    Radio Awareness Programme for Tribal development in Wayanad District,

    Kerala

    Community Radio Mattoli, Dwaraka, Nallurnad PO,

    Mananthavady, Wayanad District Kerala State

    Phone: 04935 242008. Mob: +91 9446034422 Fax: 04935 240066

    e-mail: [email protected] web: www.radiomattoli.com

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    Introduction

    Radio Mattoli has been broadcasting tribal development programmes both in tribal

    languages and Malayalam since the radio station was launched on 1st of June 2009.

    Radio is one of the main sources of information and entertainment for the majority of

    Tribal people in Wayanad. Due to lack of electricity and other related amenities, the

    most accessible and affordable means of communication technology available at present

    is nothing other than radio. In January 2014, in association with Tribal development

    department of Kerala Radio Mattoli begins production and broadcasting of programmes

    for the development of tribes in Wayanad district. The series titled Unarvu

    (awakening) aims at various elements including livelihood, health and education etc.,

    apart from fostering socio-cultural-economical aspects of tribes. Having spent half a

    decade in community broadcasting now the team of community Radio clearly

    understands multiple problems prevailing among the tribes and knows how to tackle

    the issues utilizing the potential of the Information Communication Technology tool,

    Radio Mattoli 90.4.

    The broadcast of Unarvu series is started on 15th of January for a period of one year.

    Tribal folks immensely benefit from Radio Mattoli awareness programs on health,

    education, promotion of tribal culture, employment generation etc. It has been

    expressed by many Gram Panchayath members that after the introduction of short

    modules through CRS on the necessity of Gram Sabhas and the participation of Tribal

    folk in Oorukoottam. There is a remarkable increase in their active participation, in

    certain areas of Wayanad district, where the Tribal communities are regular listeners of

    Radio Mattoli.

    The main focus of the 15 minutes documentary series in Unarvu, were as follows: The

    social evil of alcoholism and substance abuse. Unarvu series strive to address it

    effectively. Second focus is the revival of tribal culture and languages. Thirdly, the

    programmes strive to improve the health and nutrition among the tribal families. As the

    fourth objective the programmes air information on tribal welfare schemes on a real

    time basis. Lastly the programmes focus on sensitization programmes that showcase

    various development schemes of the government.

    While formulating the programmes and the contents of the programme, Mattoli has

    adopted participatory approach in content preparation by including our listeners too.

    With this approach Tribal youth became active participants in the radio programs,

    starting from the planning of the programs till its broadcasting. A special team was in

    place for the coordination of the activities of the programme. The team first framed the

    broad objectives of each programme and they got them vetted by the experts. Based on

    the broad objectives the team prepared the short audio documentaries on variety of

    topics, ranging from information sharing, preservation of culture, tribal development,

    education etc... Thus Unarvu programme have acclaimed positive responses from the

    tribal community. This fact is validated in the impact study of phase I done in the second

    half of the programme.

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    Foreword...

    One of the important target groups of Radio Mattoli is the Adivasis (indigenous people)

    in Wayanad. We started radio broadcasting on 1st June, 2009 and from Day One

    onwards, programs in tribal dialects were aired. This was a conscious act, to ensure

    more visibility to the life related problems of Adivasis, in their own language and

    cultural flavour. The programs on different subjects in variety of forms were visualized,

    planned and carried out by selected and trained tribal young people, under the guidance

    of experts in the respective fields.

    Realizing the effectiveness and impact of these programs, we approached the ST

    Development Department, through TDO Mananthavady requesting partial financial

    support for its continuity and it was granted by the District Working

    Group. The Adivasis received the program with unprecedented enthusiasm. Their

    listening tools were radio sets and mobile handsets. Non availability of sufficient

    number of radio sets in tribal settlements paused a problem for accessing the program,

    and we requested the Government to provide one radio sets each to all the tribal

    settlements in Mananthavady Taluk in the 1st phase of the program and that too was

    approved.

    After completing the 1st phase of the program the Advisory Committee decided to do an

    impact assessment study of the completed phase, before submitting the proposal for the

    second one. As a result of that decision this study was undertaken, using scientific

    methods. The findings are highly rewarding and encouraging. There is every

    justification for continuing Unarvu program through radio Mattoli.

    We place on record the contributions of the Managing Committee of radio Mattoli in

    making Unarvu, a success. Role played by the nine member committee behind planning,

    reviewing and course correction of this radio series is commendable. The official

    members of the Committee, viz. Mr. Vanidas (TDO Mananthavady), E.G. Joseph (Rtd.

    Asst. Director, ST Dept.), Smt. Usha Vijayan (Member District Panchayath) and Smt.

    Margaret Thomas (Member, Mananthavady Block Panchayath) deserves special

    mention. Mr. Jaimon C Uthup, the former consultant of radio Mattoli helped us in data

    analysis and report preparation. Gratefully we remember him. We acknowledge with

    gratitude all the staff members of radio Mattoli, the tribal stringers, and all those who

    willingly participated in the study.

    We at radio Mattoli, once again reiterate our commitment to continue serving the

    people of Wayanad, particularly the voiceless...

    Dr. Fr. Thomas Joseph Therakam

    Station Director.

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    Data Collection in progress

    Executive Summary of the findings of this study

    1. Unarvu radio documentary programme is extensively listened by tribes

    especially the women. They find it as a handy tool to gather beneficial

    information and entertainment.

    2. Both youngsters and elders are interested in radio programmes as they satisfy

    the needs of the different age groups.

    3. Literates and illiterates listen to the community radio programme. Since the

    radio programmes under the Unarvu series are focussing more on general topics,

    they find it as a resourceful programme.

    4. The traditional patterns of tribal hamlets are undergoing changes and segregated

    family units are gaining importance. In this situation the radio communication is

    considered as equivalent to the communications of the head of the tribal hamlets

    in yester years.

    5. The reason for preference of the people on Radio Mattoli over other media such

    as news paper and television is that the radio programme is the only means

    where they can receive and listen to information in their own dialects.

    6. Radio handset was found to be the most sought after choice to hear the Unarvu

    series. Further it was also pinpointed that there is lack of availability of radio

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    handsets in the hamlets/families, thereby hampering the listenership of the

    tribal families to programmes of their choice.

    7. Unarvu series of community radio programme supported by the Tribal

    Department is well received by the tribal community as majority of the

    respondents reiterated that they are regular listeners and not interested to skip

    even a single program.

    8. People are happy with the community radio based developmental awareness

    programme as they do not have to compromise their works to listen radio

    programme while working.

    9. The most preferred time slot to hear the radio programme is in between 3pm to

    11 pm followed by the morning slot of 6am to 9 am.

    10. Unarvu programme topped the list among all the programmes of the Community

    Radio finding favour with 94.7% of the respondents.

    11. A range of information on benefits and schemes of government towards

    developmental initiatives in Wayanad has been shared through the radio

    programmes and people consider this as the reason behind their love towards

    Unarvu programmes.

    12. Lots of changes have happened in the families after listening to Unarvu series of

    programmes. Some of the points mentioned by people are cleanliness, personal

    hygiene, de-addiction, reduction of substance abuse, stopping of betel chewing,

    promotion of ethnic food habits in family, initiation of savings, protection of

    tribal culture, reduction in quarrels in hamlets and families, accessing the

    welfare schemes of government and further improvement in the status of living,

    promotion of organic farming and personality development.

    13. 80% of the respondents added that they had a boosting in their self esteem after

    listening to the Unarvu documentaries.

    14. People shared that the biggest menace in the hamlet is related to addiction habits

    and Unarvu programmes have to focus more and more on the subject.

    15. All are satisfied with the contents of Unarvu Radio Documentary series and have

    suggested topics for further improvements.

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    Synopsis

    Introduction

    A study conducted in April 2012 by Radio Mattoli in 38 tribal hamlets in Wayanad

    covering over 1200 households reviles that only 50 percent of the hamlets were

    electrified and the information needs of 23 percent of the households are met by other

    media like newspaper, television etc... Which never carry news/programmes in tribal

    dialects. Over 70 percent of the tribes listen to Radio Mattoli. So the influence of radio is

    very evident among the tribes. Thus the seed for the tribal welfare programmes as a

    pioneering experiment in social change communication, the tribal friendly programmes

    titled Unarvu was sown. The main aim of the programme was ensuring a quantum

    leap in the socio economic awareness of tribes by providing development education and

    awareness through Community Radio Service

    The community radio programs were explicitly oriented toward the needs and concerns

    of the Tribes especially the marginalized, women, cultural minorities, children and the

    underprivileged. Programs aimed at protection of, health, environment culture,

    information sharing and natural resource management were expected to improve the

    life of tribes. Upon completing one year of the implementation of the project, there is a

    need to assess the impact of the project and to draft the future trajectories of the

    project. Hence it was planned to assess the impact of the Unarvu series of radio

    awareness programmes in selected villages of Wayanad District.

    Objectives

    To assess the impact of radio awareness programmes to create behavioural

    changes among the tribal community towards alcoholism.

    To study whether the radio awareness programme has helped them to increase

    their awareness on health and nutrition

    To assess the success in sharing the information related to tribal welfare

    schemes and initiatives by the government.

    To pinpoint the future course of interventions under the Unarvu series of

    development communication among the tribes.

    Hypothesis of the Study

    Unarvu; the tribal empowerment programme aiming at quantum leap in the socio

    economic development of tribes by providing development education and awareness

    through Community Radio Service has brought about positive changes among the

    tribes.

    Tools for Data Collection

    Structured questionnaire was used in the survey among the respondents of the Unarvu

    Community Radio Programme impact assessment listenership survey.

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    Unit of the Study

    Families listening to the Unarvu tribal empowerment programme were the unit of the

    study.

    Universe of the Study

    The universe of the study was Mananthavady Taluk of Wayanad District.

    Sampling

    Random sampling method was adopted for the listenership impact assessment survey.

    Analysis & Interpretations

    The survey was conducted in the month of September and October 2014. A team

    comprising of three enumerators along with the tribal facilitators were put in place for

    the survey. A team of experts from Community Radio and activists working for the

    empowerment of the tribes vetted the questionnaire and the same was presented

    among the enumerators. On 19th of September the members were given proper training

    on conducting the survey. In addition the team did a pilot study in the neighbouring

    area of the Radio station. The pilot study brought out some loopholes in the

    questionnaire and further the same was bridged by amending the survey format. In the

    month of October, 75 families were surveyed and quality time was invested for the

    survey to gather critical and suggestive information. Once the survey was completed,

    the data were entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences software for analysis

    and interpretations. The analysis of the study depicts the following.

    General Details

    Individual attention given to interviewee

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    Male 45%

    Female 55%

    47%

    53%

    15-35 Years Above 35 Years

    Details about the respondents in the villages

    The impact assessment survey was conducted in the 75 selected families in

    Mananthavady Taluk from various tribal hamlets. The respondents were from the

    following hamlets; Anakkandy(4), Ayanimoola(9), Cherukara(13), Edathamkunnu(8),

    Makkola (5), Meenkolly (4), Muyalkkuni (10), Nallurnad (3), Payyampally (4),

    Peedikakunnu (10), Poyil (2), Pulikkad (3). All these are tribal hamlets which has got

    several tribal families. Only people who listen to radio were selected as units on a

    random basis.

    Gender of the Respondents of the Survey

    Majority of the respondents of the

    Unarvu impact assessment survey were

    females as in the case of the listeners of

    community radio Mattoli as a whole.

    55% of the respondents were females

    and 45% were Males. This in general

    shows that women use community radio

    as a tool for information gathering as

    well as entertainment. In addition there

    is a clear cut reference that

    empowerment through community radio

    is more attractive among the tribal

    women than in the case of their male

    counterparts. Some of these references were collated informally while conducting the

    survey.

    Age of the respondents

    The respondents of the survey were

    classified into two broad categories.

    One was the younger generation in

    the category of 15 to 35 years and the

    second was those above 35 years.

    53% of the respondents are in the

    category of 15-35 years and 47% is in

    the category of above 35 years. In

    each unit, i.e., the family the surveyor

    requested the interview of those who

    listens most in the house. It is

    interesting to see that the younger

    generation show more interest in the

    Unarvu radio series. This indicates that Community Radio Mattoli has the power to

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    Paniya

    Kattunaicka

    Adiya

    45.30

    18.70

    36.00

    Illiterate Below 7th Standard

    Above 7th Standard

    30.70

    42.70

    26.70

    influence the younger generation for educating, information communication and

    entertaining.

    Category of tribes interviewed

    The respondents of the survey from the universe were mainly from the Paniya,

    Kattunaicka and Adiya tribes. 45.30% of the respondents were from Paniya tribe, 36%

    from the Adiya tribe and 18.70% from the Kattunaicka tribe. All the tribes in Wayanad

    district have their own tribal dialects and only a few of them have similarities. The

    programmes aired were mainly in Paniya tribal dialects. The cross tabulation of the

    response of the tribes regarding the programmes in the next phase of the Unarvu

    programme, suggests that there should be some more focus on de-addiction, integration

    of science and technology etc... It is found that tribes belonging to Paniya are more

    affected with the issues of alcoholism and they have responded that due to the radio

    programmes aired, attitudinal changes among the younger generation have taken place.

    Educational Level of the Respondents

    Educational attainments among the

    tribes have increased considerably

    and so the respondent of the impact

    assessment survey also shows an

    increased literacy level. Only 30% of

    the respondents were illiterate.

    Around 42.70% of the respondents

    were literate who had discontinued

    the education before 7th standard.

    Another 26.70% are those above the

    7th standard. Both literate and

    illiterate tribes depend on

    Community Radio Mattoli for

    gathering information and also for

    entertainment purposes.

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    Illiterate Below 7th Standard Above 7th Standard

    18

    26

    16

    5 5 6

    0 1 0

    A lot

    A little

    Not at all

    77.30

    22.70

    Less than 20 More than 20

    Cross tabling of Education and boosting of self esteem on hearing radio

    The cross tabling of the Educational levels of the respondents of the survey shows that

    the community radio programmes are boosting the self esteem of the respondents. Of

    the 75 listeners surveyed, 18 respondents who were illiterate stated that they have

    gained A lot from the Unarvu Series of program. Another 5 persons belonging to the

    illiterate category responded to the survey that their self esteem has increased a little.

    In the category of those who have below 7th standard education, 26 respondents told

    that they have gained a lot of boosting in the self esteem, 5 responded that they have

    gained a little in self esteem and one responded that his self esteem was not at all

    touched by the radio programmes. Among those who have completed 7th standard; 16

    responded that they have gained a lot of boosting in their self esteem, 6 persons

    responded that they have a little boosting in the self esteem. In general it can be seen

    that both the literate and the illiterate tribes perceive the Unarvu series of programmes

    aired by Community Radio Mattoli in association with the Tribal Department has

    increased their self esteem.

    Number of families in the hamlet

    In the tribal hamlets surveyed it was

    observed that in most of the hamlets,

    the families living in close vicinity is

    very low as compared to previous life

    styles of the tribes where they preferred

    to stay close to the hamlets. However

    life styles of tribes have also changed

    significantly and they are now a

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    Radio Radio & News Paper

    Radio, News Paper &

    Television

    5.00 13.30

    81.30

    80.00

    20.00

    Radio Set Mobile Phone

    scattered civilization. When staying in a hamlet, the channel of communication through

    which information is acquired is very high where as staying in segregated places the

    information sharing is very low. In this regard the relevance of the Unarvu programme

    is significant as it bring all those tribal families under the umbrella of a single radio

    programme which has been accepted and welcomed by all. 77.30% of the respondents

    stay in hamlets which have presence of families less than 20 and 22.70% responded

    that their hamlets have more than 20 families.

    Available media in the family/hamlet

    In the study it was found that most of the

    hamlets have at least one family where

    proper communication tools such as

    Radio, News Paper, and Television are

    available. 81.30% of the hamlets had

    Radio, News Paper or Television in at

    least one family. In 13.20% of the house

    holds both Radio and News Paper were

    available. Only in 5% of the hamlets

    Radio is available as Information

    Communication tool. Its a good sign that

    the tribes are using the information

    communication tools such as Radio and Television as well as News Papers. However the

    only tool which provides information in tribal dialect is Community Radio Mattoli, in the

    entire state of Kerala.

    Instruments used to listen to Community Radio

    People in the geographic terrain of

    Wayanad have started extensive use of

    mobile phones for communication as

    against the previous years. However the

    situation is not the same among the tribes.

    The respondents of the survey disclosed

    that they prefer to listen to the Unarvu

    programme more through the Radios

    rather than the Mobile phones. 80%

    responded that they prefer Radios over the

    Mobile Phone to listen to programmes.

    Transmission of the programme through

    the community radio is reaching 85% of the district. However people prefer more to use

    Radio sets to listen to radio programmes rather than listening through the Mobile

    Phone. Some of them stated that the mobile handsets, if available are often with their

    male counterparts, who often spent less time at home.

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    Male

    Female

    27

    33

    7

    8

    Radio Set Mobile Phone

    Daily

    Occasionally

    69.3

    30.7

    Cross tabling of Gender and the instrument used to listen to Unarvu Programme

    It is found from the study that the

    listeners of the Unarvu programme

    prefer to listen to the documentaries

    using Radio sets. Of the total

    respondents, 33 female respondents

    (44%) disclosed that they listens the

    program using Radio and another 8

    female respondents (10.6%) said that

    they use mobile phone to listen the

    programmes. Among Males, 27

    persons (36.0%) responded that they

    listen to programmes using Radio and

    another 7 persons (9.33%) responded that they listen to the programme using the

    Mobile Phones.

    Cross Tabling of the Instrument used and the Age of the respondents

    The cross tabling of the Instrument used to listen to the Unarvu series of Community

    Radio programme and the age category of the respondents shows that, the older

    generation prefers Radio sets whereas the youngsters prefer Mobile Phones. In other

    words it can be inferred that the younger generation is more mobile centric on a day to

    day basis and hence listens to the programme also on the move using their Mobile

    Phones.

    Frequency of Listenership

    The survey studied about the

    frequency of listening the UNARVU

    series of documentaries. It was not

    surprising to see that 69.3% of the

    respondents told that they listen to

    the documentaries on a daily basis and

    30.7% of the respondents were

    occasional listeners. This figure shows

    the success of the Unarvu series of

    programmes. Listening to a set of

    documentaries on a daily basis means

    that the programme is well received

    and is rich content wise. Otherwise the listeners will get bored with the program. This in

    turn can be accepted as one of the successes of the Tribal Welfare department

    supported scheme.

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    65.3

    34.7

    Yes No

    Male Female

    18

    31

    16

    10

    Listens to Radio at work

    Never listens to Radio at work

    Listening to Unarvu programme while working

    The interest of the tribal population

    in listening to the Unarvu

    documentary series is evident from

    the response of the people. 65.3% of

    the people responded that they listen

    to the Unarvu tribal programme

    while working also. This shows the

    interest of the tribes in the

    development communication in their

    own dialect aired through radio

    Mattoli and supported by the Tribal

    Development Department. Only 35%

    of the respondents said that they

    dont listen to the radio documentaries while working. Cross examination of the

    frequency of listenership and listening while working gives a picture that those who

    daily listens to Unarvu programme keep listening even if it is working time or leisure as

    they find it informative and entertaining.

    Cross tabling of Gender and Listening to Unarvu programmes at Work

    The cross tabling of the Gender and

    the listening habit of the Unarvu radio

    programme listeners, shows that

    women are more interested in

    listening to the community radio

    programme while at work. Out of the

    41 women respondents, 75.61% of

    them are interested in listening to the

    Unarvu radio programme while at

    work. Of the 34 male respondents,

    only 43.90% are interested in listening

    to the community radio programme

    while at work. It is clear that the

    women are more interested to gain from the development communication under the

    Unarvu radio programme and for that they dont want to miss the programmes even if it

    is their work time.

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    Listening time of the Radio Programmes

    The details of the time preferences of the listeners of the community radio programme

    show a scattered picture. 56.00 % of the respondents are interested to listen to the

    radio programme in the prime time spot between 03.00 pm to 11.00 pm. Another

    18.70% of the respondents listen to the radio programme in time slots between 9am to

    12 pm and 7 pm to 11 pm. Some 8% of the respondents preferred the timeslot of 6 am

    to 9 am. A group of 4% responded that they listen to the radio programme irrespective

    of the timeslots. Another 4% responded that they prefer to listen in the timeslot of 3pm

    to 7pm. Some 2.70% responded that they prefer to listen at morning and evening slots

    of 6am to 9 am and 7 pm to 11 pm. A small group of 1.30% responded that they listen

    to the radio at the timeslot of 7 pm to 11 pm and another 1.30% preferred the timeslot

    of 9am to 12 pm. Another group of 1.30% added that they listen to three slots; 6 am to 9

    am, 3 pm to 7 pm and 7 pm to 11 pm. It is evident from the response that people prefer

    to listen to the community radio programme at the prime time slot in the evening.

    6am - 9am, 3pm - 7pm & 7pm -11pm

    9am 12pm

    7pm 11pm

    6am - 9 am & 7pm - 11pm

    3pm 7pm

    All the time

    6am 9am

    9am - 12pm & 7pm -11 pm

    3pm 11pm

    1.30

    1.30

    1.30

    2.70

    4.00

    4.00

    8.00

    18.70

    56.00

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    Interests of the respondents to the programmes aired by the Radio Station

    The survey attempted to map the interests of the listeners on various programmes of

    the Community Radio. The general perception of the respondents to the programme is

    quite rewarding as a result of the participatory approach Mattoli is following in the

    content generation. The programme wise preferences are as follows;

    1. Unarvu the specific tribal empowerment programme ranked first in the most

    sought after programme which airs beneficial information to the tribes such as

    government tribal welfare schemes and several other useful information. A total

    of 94.70% of the respondents held high regards for the Tribal Department

    supported programme.

    2. Thudichetham the tribal culture centred programme was the second sought after

    programme with an interest of 85.30% of the respondents. Only a meagre

    14.70% responded that they are not interested in the Thudichetham programme.

    3. Films songs were the third most sought after programmes with the interest of

    85.30% of the listeners.

    4. Karimani; the tribal women empowerment programme was the next most

    sought after programme with an interest of 77.30% of the respondents.

    5. Health programmes ranked the fifth in the most sought after programmes with

    an interest of 76.00% of the respondents

    6. Programmes without any specific sector relevance, attracted the interest of

    74.70% of the respondents.

    7. Chuttuvattam the informative programme about the happenings in the rural

    surroundings attracted the interest of 73.30% of the respondents and ranked 7th

    sought after programme.

    Unarvu

    Thudichettam

    Film Songs

    Karimani

    Health Programmes

    Other Programmes

    Chuttuvattam

    Ariyippukal

    Farming/Agriculture

    Education Programmes

    94.7

    85.30

    85.30

    77.30

    76.00

    74.70

    73.30

    66.70

    64.00

    62.70

    5.3

    14.70

    14.70

    22.70

    24.00

    25.30

    26.70

    33.33

    36.00

    37.30

    Interested Not interested

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    8. Ariyuppukal, the information sharing programme of the schemes and

    programmes of the government and the civil society ranked eighth in the most

    sought after programmes with an interest of 66.70% of the respondents.

    9. The documentaries related to agriculture, farming etc... was of interest to 64% of

    the respondents.

    10. 62.70% of the respondents were only interested in the educational programmes

    and it calls for a serious thinking on the need to improvise the same for the

    educational attainment of the respondent community.

    Benefits of Listening to Radio

    The survey tried to map the benefits to listening to Radio by assessing the perception of

    the respondents on what they gained from listening to community radio programme.

    The main benefits were classified as Information on Government Projects, Information

    on Wayanad, Beneficial Information, and Information on Government Schemes. The

    responses of the tribal listeners were as follows;

    1. 1.30% of the total responded that they are getting information on Government

    Projects, Information on Government Schemes as well as information on the

    happenings in and around Wayanad.

    2. 1.30% of the total responded that they are getting Information on Government

    Projects and Information on the happenings in and around Wayanad.

    3. 1.30% of the total respondents added that they are getting only Information on

    the happenings in and around the district of Wayanad.

    4. Another 1.30% of the respondents said that they are getting Beneficial

    Information.

    Info on Govt Project, Schemes, Beneficial Infos and Info on Wayanad

    Government Schemes

    Info on Govt projects & Government schemes

    Information on Government Schemes and Info on Wayanad

    Other Information

    Beneficial Information and Information on Wayanad

    Info on Government Projects

    Beneficial Information

    Information on Wayanad

    Info on Government Projects and Info on Wayand

    Info on Government Projects, Schemes and Info on Wayand

    68.00

    13.30

    4.00

    2.70

    2.70

    2.70

    1.30

    1.30

    1.30

    1.30

    1.30

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    5. Some1.30% of the total respondents responded that they are getting information

    on the various projects of the Government.

    6. Another 2.70% believes that the radio service provides beneficial information

    and information on Wayanad.

    7. 2.70% of the respondents shared that community radio is providing information

    other than the scheduled items.

    8. A group of 2.70% of the respondents shares that they are getting information on

    Government Schemes and Information on Wayanad.

    9. Another group of 4.00% added that they are being informed about Government

    Projects and Government Schemes.

    10. Some 13.30% believes that Community Radio is the best tool for getting

    information on the government schemes from their own experience.

    11. A large chunk of 68.00% of the respondents are of the opinion that they are

    getting Information on Government Project, Government Schemes, Beneficial

    Informations and Information on Wayanad.

    Achievements in the family from listening to radio programme

    The survey attempted to gather information about the changes in the family after

    listening to Unarvu programmes. Some of them are:

    1. All respondents agreed to the fact that information provided in the community

    radio programme regarding the welfare schemes for the common people and

    how can they benefit, has greatly helped them in availing some of them.

    2. Respondents stated that the health programmes aired by the community radio

    programme have helped them in adopting preventive measures at times of

    infections, and further awareness about where to consult the doctors at time of

    diseases.

    3. Radio programmes giving awareness about the requirement of personal

    cleanliness and hygienic surroundings to ward off illness has helped them to

    improve family health.

    4. Initially children had no interest in listening to the community radio

    programmes. However after listening to the childrens programmes in the

    community radio, they are finding it as an information tool as well as

    entertainment tool apart from being a medium of educational tool.

    5. The Unarvu programmes created a sense of need of basic education among the

    children and this has resulted in preventing many children from being dropped

    out of schools. Most of the parents admitted that after listening to the career

    education programmes, most of them showed interest to monitor the studies of

    their wards at home which earlier never cased were not able to do.

    6. Health awareness programme particularly about the addiction related issues

    such as betel leaf chewing which is common among the tribes has resulted in

    many to discontinue the habit as they got scared about the chances of Cancer.

    There is also reduction of usage of other tobacco products among them. Even

    though there is a total ban on those products, people used to get those items.

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    However the radio awareness has created some awakening among the youth and

    hence they have disassociated themselves from the use of pan.

    7. They added that the Unarvu series have helped them to understand their human

    rights and benefits and it has resulted in a sense of claiming for their

    entitlements.

    8. People got insights into the benefits of ethnic food habits and the need to

    conserve those ethnic food varieties for health and food security.

    9. Some of the programmes have helped in changing their life styles. Few of them

    added that savings is a part of their life now. Usually they are never bothered

    about the future, but now they have started thinking about the future also.

    10. The tribal children do not have opportunity to improvise their language skills as

    their dialects are not taught in schools and most of the information tools are

    using only Malayalam as medium of instruction. In this area, the Unarvu

    programme, Thudichetham programme etc... have resulted in helping the

    youngsters to improvise their tribal dialects as the radio Mattoli airs

    programmes in 3 tribal dialects.

    11. People shared that the general knowledge of the children and the respondents

    itself has increased due to listening to the community radio programmes.

    Further this information is aired in tribal dialects which help to understand and

    gain general knowledge in a better manner.

    12. One of the listeners added that she could apply for grant for house construction

    from tribal department after listening to the scheme information through the

    community radio and thus she is very much thankful to the Unarvu Radio

    Programme.

    13. Promotion of organic farming and integrated farming has helped the listeners in

    starting or switching to chemical free farming and some added that health wise

    they feel better now.

    14. Personality development programmes have resulted in increasing their courage

    to speak in public and interact with anyone, whereas before the launch of this

    programme their general attitude was of shying away from the public.

    15. Some shared that the news about the various pensions offered by the

    government was useful as they could avail the same after getting the information

    from the Unarvu programme.

    16. Some shared that now Community Radio Mattoli has emerged as the main tool to

    gather information about the happenings in Wayanad especially those things

    happening in the tribal arena.

    17. A respondent shared that she is interested in listening to the programmes in the

    evening but her husband who is a drunkard, quarrel in the family after drinking,

    and hence she is not able to listen to the programmes on a daily basis even

    though she wants to do so.

    18. Some shared that they never knew the benefits of opening bank accounts and

    now after listening to the programmes on financial inclusion most of them

    opened bank accounts and now they are saving for the future also.

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    14.70

    64.00

    21.30

    Alone With family With hamlet

    19. A few added that the folk songs aired through the community radio has helped

    the kids to listen to those songs which in a way can be said as extinct as they are

    not using or using it on few occasions only.

    20. Some shared that the harmony in the hamlets has increased positively after

    listening to the radio programmes. Some added that the quarrels between the

    family members also has reduced as now they have a habit of settling the issues

    by talking after listening to such programmes in the radio.

    21. Some mothers added that the information on parenthood aired through the

    community radio has helped them a lot and now they prefer to go to hospitals for

    delivery and is strict on maintaining the personal and environmental cleanliness

    at the time of pregnancy.

    Preferences in listening to the programme in groups

    The respondents are more

    interested to listen to the

    programmes in the family.

    64.00% of the respondents

    added that they prefer to listen

    to radio programmes with

    family. 14.70% preferred to

    listen to the radio while being

    alone. Around 21.30% added

    that they prefer to listen to

    programme while being in the

    hamlet. The preferences show

    that people are now giving more

    importance to the families rather

    than their traditional set up of the hamlets. Hence it is more important to ensure that all

    the tribal families have radio handsets so that they can hear to the programme of their

    choice whenever convenient. The cross comparison of the people listening to the radio

    programmes alone and those who are interested in the entertainment programmes

    shows a match and thus it can be said that those 14.70% are listening to the programme

    either using the Radio handset of mobile handset for listening to the entertainment

    programmes only.

    Objections to listening to the radio programme

    Majority, 84% of the respondents never faced any problems in listening to the Unarvu

    radio programme series. However around 16.00% responded that they faced some

    opposition in listening to the radio programmes in public.

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    5.30 4.00 1.30

    89.30

    Cross tabling of Gender and Objections to listening to the Radio Programme

    Out of the total 34 male respondents, only 8.82% shared that they faced objections in

    listening to the radio programmes. Among the 41 female respondents 22% shared that

    they faced objections in listening to the radio programmes in public.

    Cross tabling of the listening group and objections in listening to the radio

    programme.

    The cross tabling of the listening group and objections in listening to the radio

    programme gives the possible reasons for the objections. Its really astonishing to see

    that no one objects to the radio programme when they hear it publicly in the hamlet. Of

    the total 11 persons who listen to programme alone, 45% faced objections and the

    probable reason may be too much spending time for entertainment programmes. While

    in family, out of 48 persons, only 14.58% had faced objections and the reason for

    objection may be from family members who are either not interested or occupied with

    some other sorts of works.

    Listener Group Objections to Listen Yes No

    Alone 5 6 With family 7 41 Within Hamlet 0 16

    Total 12 63 Satisfaction with present scheduling of the Unarvu Community Radio

    Documentaries

    All of the respondents shared that the present scheduling of Unarvu documentaries

    supported by the Tribal Department through radio Mattoli is well and good.

    Changes required in the timeslots of

    other programmes of the Community

    Radio

    Majority, 89.30% responded that there is

    no need to change the timing of

    programmes. 5.30% listeners of

    Thudichetham, 4% of listeners of Karimani

    and 1.30% listening other programmes

    shared that timeslots can be fine tuned.

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    80.00

    18.70 1.30

    A lot A little Not at all

    Boosting of Self Esteem

    The Unarvu series of community radio

    programme has resulted in boosting of

    self esteem among the majority of the

    listeners of the radio programme. 80%

    shared that they had a lot of boosting

    of self esteem while 18.70% shared

    that they got only little self esteem

    boosting due to the radio programmes.

    However a negligible 1.30% of the

    respondents shared that they havent

    received any self esteem boosting. In

    short the Unarvu series of Community

    Radio programme supported by the Tribal Department has resulted in boosting of self

    esteem among the listeners.

    Cross tabling of Gender and boosting of Self Esteem

    All the female respondents shared that their self esteem has boosted either a lot or a

    little due to the community radio programmes. 80.00% of them shared that they had a

    lot of boosting in the self esteem due to the Unarvu series of the community radio

    programmes. Another 20.00% shared that a little self esteem boosting has happened

    among them. Among the males, the following were the rankings. 79.41% as a lot, 17.64

    as little and 2.94% as not at all.

    Boosting of Self Esteem Gender A lot A little Not at all

    Male 27 6 1 Female 33 8 0

    Total 60 14 1

    It is clear from the analysis that majority of the people had boosting of self esteem and

    hence the sanctity for continuing the Unarvu series of community radio programmes

    can be correlated with the self esteem boosting levels of the tribal community.

    Changes in the hamlet after the anti drug addiction awareness

    The impact assessment survey attempted to map the changes in the families and

    hamlets after the anti drug awareness campaigns. The issue of drug menace was taken

    on the forefront as the participatory method of the programme preparation and

    production has resulted in understanding that the focus of the Unarvu series has to pay

    major attention to this issue. Hence the Unarvu series focused a lot on the issues of

    substance menace. Hence we considered it important to assess the present situation

    after the awareness campaign, and the responses are as follows:

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    There are changes in the lifelong habit as few of them have given up chewing

    betel leaves and pan.

    Respondents shared that they are aware of the need to maintain good health for

    the welfare of the family.

    Some added that they are now aware that 90% of the problems in the hamlets

    and families are associated with alcohol addiction and in 100% of the conflicts

    with others, either of them was found under the influence of drugs or liquor.

    In some cases, women persuaded their male counter parts to reduce the intake of

    alcohol; but most of them added that they have not succeeded as their partners

    are still continuing the habits.

    Some opined that radio documentaries have made the younger generation aware

    about the menace of alcohol and thus they believe that at least the younger

    generation will be free from the menace.

    A few shared that the radio programmes have to focus on the de-addiction

    programmes as long as possible as the results cannot be expected in a short

    while.

    In some hamlets, where the youngsters used to drink publicly, the mothers have

    taken up the matter seriously, and are not allowing the youngsters to continue

    drinking in the hamlets.

    A few added that there is no change and the addictions of the tribes towards

    these substances are still continued.

    Some of the respondents shared that the radio awareness programmes have

    resulted in lot of people reducing the levels of alcohol consumption, and its

    frequency.

    A few mothers shared that they are now taking up the childrens addiction to

    drugs such as Ganja and this has produced some results. They added that de

    addiction programmes have to be continued.

    A respondent shared that she had seen some students attending the schools after

    using substances and after listening to the Unarvu community radio

    documentaries, she got the courage to talk to these kids families and make the

    family aware about the possible after effects.

    Majority shared that the series of programme on substance abuse has resulted

    positively and the addiction to alcohol has to be addressed with increased focus.

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    Suggestions for the next phase of programmes

    Preferences of the listeners given priority in deciding broadcasting content

    The team also tried to gather information on the possible topics to be covered in future.

    The topics suggested by the respondents are listed in the relevant sectors.

    Awareness on negative effects of alcoholism and its impacts

    Awareness on Tribal rights/tribal friendly laws such as SC/ST acts, Right to

    Information, Right to Service, Right to Education, Amendments of the above laws

    etc.

    Awareness building sessions on topics such as Education (RTE), Forest right and

    laws pertaining to natural resource utilization, Indian Forest Act, Kerala Land

    Reforms Act, Child rights, Right to Information etc

    Promotion of tribal culture, broadcast of tribal lore and literature

    Special programmes/discussion on the current issues of the Wayanad tribes/

    Health and Hygiene/Nutrition for children/mothers and pregnant women etc.

    Findings and Suggestions

    The impact assessment study conducted among the reference population has provided

    lot of insights about the impact of integration of Information Communication tool for

    the creation of development awareness among the tribal community. It was widely

    accepted that the Unarvu series of Community Radio Awareness programme aired

    through Radio Mattoli has had positive impacts in the development of tribal hamlets in

    the reference area. The study team documented each and every aspects of the survey

    and grabbed more information about the radio programme rather than limiting to the

    survey questionnaire. The findings and suggestions are corroborated with these

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    documentations which are available with the Community Radio station for cross

    verification. The detailed impacts are as follows.

    1. Women found Unarvu series of awareness programme more useful and

    informative. The household interview provides the insight that women found the

    programmes as highly informative and in a well receptive manner. The timing of

    programmes is also in alignment with the preferences of women. Some are of the

    opinion that instead of going for training and workshops, which are a part of the

    self help group movements in the region, they find the community radio as the

    most sought after tool for such programmes as they dont have to waste their

    valuable time. Women added that they prefer more and more programmes

    which are aimed at the welfare of the tribal women. A few added that in

    workshops and training programmes, they find the language of the trainers

    difficult and in the community radio programmes there is no language barrier as

    the programmes are aired in the tribal dialects.

    2. Youngsters form a small margin over elders in the listening to the community

    radio programmes. This can be attributed to the mobile penetration in the

    region. Community radio programmes are well broadcasted in the region and

    youngsters prefer the use of the Information Communication tool rather than the

    conservative means of information gathering. There is no significant difference

    in the age of listeners. Both the young ones and the elders are using it in same

    manner.

    3. As of now the survey was held in a region which has significant presence of three

    different tribal groups, of which Paniya tribes constitute the majority. Other

    tribes surveyed were Kattunaicka and Adiya. Some suggestions from the tribes

    were to broadcast the documentaries in all tribal dialects. Some added that there

    is cultural transformation happening in among the tribes and in order to protect

    their culture from being modernized, they want Community Radio to provide

    documentation of each and every tribe so that the upcoming youngsters never

    underestimate the significance of their culture. Another suggestion was the

    interest in programmes changes from tribe to tribe and hence the radio has to

    map the preference of the numerically large tribes and accordingly broadcast the

    programmes. Some added that radio can be a bridge between the government

    and the tribes in different sectors of development in Wayanad.

    4. Educational level doesnt matter in the listening of the Unarvu series of

    programmes. Both literate and illiterate formed the listeners of the programme.

    Some of the respondents shared the view that Radio programmes can include

    some programmes which will help the schools children with additional support

    for education, besides Vidya Vani for high school students. Also some were of the

    opinion that they are interested in understanding the languages other than their

    tribal dialects through the radio programme. A few said that the reach of

    information on modern science and medicine among the tribes was never

    happened so far and the Unarvu series of programmes can do something to bring

    science into the everyday life of tribes.

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    5. Tribal hamlets are undergoing changes. Nowadays family is having more

    importance than the hamlet structure. Most of the respondents in the survey

    pointed that they are living in hamlets where number of families are less. It has a

    correlation with information sharing and matters related to development. While

    being in a hamlet under a tribal leader, there was more information sharing and

    greater control in addiction and related issues. But when hamlet structure is

    slowly disintegrating and families are gaining more importance, there is a need

    for a tool to bridge the information gap. Hence the Unarvu series of development

    awareness programmes have lot to do in the changing scenario.

    6. As in the case of non-tribal population, media has penetrated to the tribal

    hamlets also. Most of the hamlets have at least one family with a television or

    newspaper or radio. However other than Community Radio, there is no other

    means which provides information and entertainment in tribal languages. Hence

    the acceptance of Community Radio is very high in all hamlets as well as families.

    However the fact is that only 5% of families have a radio handset with their

    families. In this regard, it is to understand that ensuring one radio handset in

    each family will result in more penetration of information among the tribal

    families.

    7. It was found that still people still prefer radio handset as the most important tool

    for listening to community radio programmes. In the general community most of

    the listeners uses mobile phone as the most important tool to listen to the

    community radio programmes. But this is not the case with the tribal families.

    Tribal families prefer radio handsets to listen to the radio programmes rather

    than mobile phones. But there is a clear cut lack of availability of radio handsets

    in the tribal hamlets as well as families. It was also found that those using the

    mobile phone are generally the younger generation and elders prefer radio

    handset for listening.

    8. People listen to the Community Radio programme and especially the Unarvu

    documentaries on a daily basis. This shows the acceptance of the radio

    programmes among the tribes. This is because of the relevance of the topics dealt

    by the Unarvu series of programmes. Some of the respondents shared that they

    dont miss a single documentary and is following all the programmes

    broadcasted under the Unarvu series of the programmes.

    9. Attitude of the people towards the radio programmes, especially the Unarvu

    documentaries supported by the tribal department is very positive as most of the

    listeners listen to the programmes even while working. This attitude shows the

    seriousness of the people towards the topics addressed in the Unarvu

    documentaries and approach of the people towards the radio programmes.

    10. A close analysis of the time preference shows that people are more interested to

    listen to the radio programmes in the evening prime time between 3 pm to 11

    pm followed by morning slot of 7 am to 11 pm. Preference of people varies

    according to their time availability and hence it has to inferred that evening slots

    are widely welcomed.

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    11. The impact assessment survey attempted to gauge the interest of the people

    towards various programmes of the community radio. Unarvu documentaries

    received wide acceptance as 95% of the listeners voted it as the best programme.

    It was followed by the Thudichetham programme which promotes the tribal

    culture.

    12. Listeners of the Unarvu documentaries and other programmes shared that they

    got lot of information mainly on the government schemes, programmes of the

    government, beneficial informations and information on Wayanad. Some of the

    families shared that its beneficial to listen to community radio and be aware

    about the various schemes and news of the tribal department in Wayanad

    district.

    13. Lot of changes have occurred in the families who are listening regularly to the

    radio programmes. Cleanliness habits of people have improved a lot. Substance

    abuse has reduced considerably. Educational attainment among the children has

    improved. Health awareness levels among the tribes are enhanced. People are

    now more aware about their rights and duties.

    14. Most of the respondents added that the community radio has a lot to do for the

    conservation of tribal culture. People added that since community radio being

    the only tool which provides documentation in tribal dialect, radio has to

    prepare more and more documentaries so that the youngsters receive the

    benefit of the same.

    15. The concept of family has gained importance than the hamlets. Hence in the

    absence of the tribal heads, there needs some alternative platforms which can

    used to provide information and promotion of culture. This gap can be bridged

    with the increased documentation under the Unarvu series of radio programmes.

    16. In few instances, people shared that they faced some objections to listening to

    community radio programmes. This can be considered as negligible objections

    and this can be attributed to personal issues only.

    17. Listeners are happy with the present timing of the programmes, especially the

    Unarvu programme. Hence there is no need to change the timing as of now.

    18. Community Radio programmes have resulted in boosting the self-image of the

    listeners in a welcome manner. Eighty percent of the respondents shared that

    they themselves feel proud and elated after listening to Unarvu programmes.

    Most of the families shared that their morale has increased after knowing their

    rights and duties. Thus the programme supported by the Tribal Department has

    gradually won the hearts of the listeners in Wayanad.

    19. There is a progressive change in the attitude of the people towards the substance

    abuse. A few had changed their attitude towards the substance abuse and there

    is collective approach from the families in the hamlet. People shared that there

    should be more and more programmes on de-addiction as this is still a menace in

    many of the hamlets.

    20. Listeners have suggestions on the programmes to be broadcasted in the

    upcoming phases. They include topics such as de-addiction, Tribal rights,

    educational rights, cultural promotion, health & hygiene etc...

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    Way Forward The UNARVU series of audio documentaries aired through Community Radio Mattoli

    will be completing one year of broadcasting in January 2015. The Unarvu project has

    been successful in terms of the participation of the community as well as in the

    listenership aspects. The Advisory Committee of the Community Radio Service was very

    careful and selective in the identification of topics. The participatory approach adopted

    by the management has reflected in greater responsibility towards the tribes in the

    district. The affection the indigenous communities expressed towards the radio

    programmes and the ownership they are taking up is a clear cut result of the impact this

    special development awareness communication programme has achieved.

    The impact assessment survey has not only gauged the perception of listeners on the

    various Unarvu documentaries aired from time to time, but also brought out its

    relevance of tribal community. A lot of changes have happened in the families as well as

    the hamlets after closely following the Unarvu programmes. The changes range from the

    accessing of the schemes of the government to the personality development attitudinal

    changes of the listeners, reduction in substance abuse initiation of savings habits and a

    lot more. The hypothesis put forth at the beginning of the impact assessment survey

    Unarvu; the tribal empowerment programme aiming quantum leap in the socio

    economic development of tribes by providing development education and awareness

    through Community Radio Service has brought about in positive changes among the

    tribes; stands proved. People are watching out for more and more from the Unarvu

    series of developmental communication. Most of the respondents of the survey are of

    the opinion that the developmental communication should go on.

    The listeners have shared their perceptions about the programmes to be continued as

    well as new topics to be included. Substance abuse has been considered as the most

    worrisome issue to be addressed by the development communication. This is followed

    by awareness on laws related to tribal rights, introduction of tribal laws, information on

    right to information act, right to education act etc. People are also interested to know

    more about the forests rights act, rights and laws pertaining to the use of forest

    resources, Kerala lands reforms act etc. Protection, promotion and enrichment of the

    tribal culture are one of these important objectives of the Unarvu series of

    developmental communication. Personal hygiene, health and food safety etc. have to be

    considered as other important topics to be covered in the second phase of the

    programme. Since the organic farming and integrated farming remain one of the

    important pillars of the tribal family life, the same has to be promoted on a daily basis

    for their holistic welfare. In order to boost the morale of the listeners a series of

    discussions, interviews, presentation of best practices etc. have to be aired in the second

    phase of this developmental communication.

    Dr. Fr. Thomas Joseph Therakam

    Station Director

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    Annexure I

    Questionnaire

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    Annexure II

    Tables of the Survey

    Details about the respondents villages

    SL Village Name No of Respondents 1 Anakkandy 4 2 Ayanimoola 9 3 Cherukara 13 4 Edathamkunnu 8 5 Makkola 5 6 Meenkolly 4 7 Muyalkkuni 10 8 Nallornad 3 9 Payyampally 4 10 Peedikakunnu 10 11 Poyil 2 12 Pulikkad 3 Total 75

    Gender of the respondents

    Gender Number Percentage Male 34 45.3 Female 41 54.7

    Age of the respondents

    Age Number Percentage 15-35 Years 35 46.7 Above 35 Years 40 53.3

    Category of the tribes

    Tribe Number Percentage Paniya 34 45.3 Kattunaicka 14 18.7 Adiya 27 36.0

    Education of the respondents

    Education level Number Percentage Illiterate 23 30.7 Below 7th Standard 32 42.7 Above 7th Standard 20 26.7

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    Cross tabling of Education and boosting of self esteem on hearing radio

    Boosting of Self Esteem Gender A lot A little Not at all

    Illiterate 18 5 0 Below 7th Standard 26 5 1 Above 7th Standard 16 6 0

    Total 60 14 1

    Number of Families in the Hamlet

    Families Number Percentage Less than 20 58 77.3 More than 20 17 22.7

    Available Media

    Media Number Percentage Radio 4 5 Radio & News Paper 10 13.3 Radio, News Paper & Television

    61 81.3

    Cross tabling of Gender and Available media among the respondents

    Gender Radio Set Mobile Phone Male 27 7 Female 33 8

    Total 60 15

    Listening to Radio

    Item Number Percentage Yes 75 100 No 0 0

    Main medium to information gathering, News and Entertainment

    Item Number Percentage Radio Set 60 80 Mobile Phone 15 20

    Frequency of Listening

    Item Number Percentage Daily 52 69.3 Occasionally 23 30.7

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    Listening to radio at Work

    Item Number Percentage Yes 49 65.3 No 26 34.7

    Cross tabling of Listening to radio at work with Gender of respondents

    Gender Listens to Radio at work Never listens to Radio at work

    Male 18 16 Female 31 10

    Total 49 26

    Time of Listening

    Item Number Percentage 6am 9am 6 8.0 6am - 9 am & 7pm - 11pm 2 2.7 6 am - 9am & 9pm -12pm 1 1.3 6am - 9am, 3pm - 7pm & 7pm -11pm 1 1.3 9am 12pm 1 1.3 9am - 12pm & 7pm -11 pm 14 18.7 3pm 7pm 3 4.0 3pm 11pm 42 56.00 7pm 11pm 1 1.3 All the time 3 4.0

    Interest in the programmes

    Interested Programmes Interested Not Interested Number Percentage Number Percentage

    Unarvu 71 94.7 4 5.3 Thudichetham 64 85.3 11 14.7 Karimani 58 77.3 17 22.7 Health Programmes 57 76.0 18 24.0 Education Programmes 47 62.7 28 37.3 Farming/Agriculture 48 64.0 27 36.0 Chuttuvattam 55 73.3 20 26.7 Ariyippukal 50 66.7 25 33.33 Film Songs 64 85.3 11 14.7 Other Programmes 56 74.7 19 25.3

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    Benefits of listening to Radio

    Item Number Percentage Info on Govt Project, Schemes, Beneficial Infos and Info on Wayanad

    51 68.0

    Government Schemes 10 13.3 Info on Govt projects & Government schemes 3 4.0 Information on Government Schemes and Info on Wayanad

    2 2.7

    Other Information 2 2.7 Beneficial Information and Information on Wayanad 2 2.7 Info on Government Projects 1 1.3 Beneficial Information 1 1.3 Information on Wayanad 1 1.3 Info on Government Projects and Info on Wayanad 1 1.3 Info on Government Projects, Schemes and Info on Wayanad

    1 1.3

    Preference of the listeners to listen in groups or alone

    Item Number Percentage Alone 11 14.7 With family 48 64.0 With hamlet 16 21.3

    Objection from anyone while listening radio in open public

    Item Number Percentage Yes 12 16.0 No 63 84.0

    Cross tabling of Gender and objection to listen

    Objections to Listen Gender Yes No

    Male 3 31 Female 9 32

    Total 12 63

    Cross tabling of Listening group and objections raised

    Objections to Listen Listener Group Yes No

    Alone 5 6 With family 7 41 With Hamlet 0 16

    Total 12 63

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    Satisfaction with the present time schedules

    Item Number Percentage Yes 75 100.00 No 0 0.00

    Programmes for which time schedules are suggested for changes.

    Item Number Percentage Thudichetham 4 5.3 Karimani 3 4.0 Other Programmes 1 1.3 No Change Required 67 89.3

    How is your self esteem boosted

    Item Number Percentage A lot 60 80.0 A little 14 18.7 Not at all 1 1.3

    Cross tabling of Gender and boosting of self esteem due to radio programme

    Boosting of Self Esteem Gender A lot A little Not at all

    Male 27 6 1 Female 33 8 0

    Total 60 14 1