UN-Habitat Country Programme Document 2008-2009 - Uganda

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT2008 – 2009

UGANDA


Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States�

Excerpts from this publication may be reproduced without authorisation, on condition that the source is indicated.

© United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), �008.

Photo credit: As indicated.

HS Number: HS/111�/09E ISBN Number(Series): 978-9�-1-13�030-5 ISBN Number:(Volume) 978-9�-1-13�078-7

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COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 3

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TAble of coNTeNTs

foreworD execUTive DirecTor 4

foreworD MiNisTer 5

siTUATioN ANAlysis 6

National urban policy context 6

focus area 1: Advocacy, monitoring and partnerships 7

focus area 2: Participatory urban planning, management and governance 9

focus area 3: Pro-poor land and housing 9

focus area 4: Environmentally sound basic urban infrastructure and services 10

focus area 5: Strengthened human settlements finance systems 11

receNT AND oNGoiNG work 12

UN-HAbiTAT 18

identified sector priorities 19

iMpleMeNTATioN ArrANGeMeNTs 20

key principles 20

information 20

proGrAMMe frAMework 21

results/resources by thematic component 21 required budget 25

AcroNyMs 26

execUTive sUMMAry 28


Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States4

ExECUTivE DiRECTOR In April �007, the Govern-ing Council of UN-HABITAT approved our �008-�013 Medium-Term Strategic and Institutional Plan. This plan intends to promote the alignment of UN-HABITAT normative and operational activities at country level.

The UN-HABITAT Country Pro-gramme Documents (HCPD) are tangible components of this Plan as well as a genuine endeavour of UN-HABITAT to better coordinate normative and opera-tional activities in a consultative and inclusive process involving UN-HABITAT’s in-country focal points, UN-HABITAT Programme Managers, national governments, UN country teams, sister-UN agencies, development partners and all divisions of our Agency. The UN-HABI-TAT Country Programme Documents are strategic tools meant as a guide for all UN-HABITAT activities over a two-year period. A major dimension of the UN-HABI-TAT Country Programme Document is to advocate UN-HABITAT’s mandate and address the urban chal-lenges facing the world’s developing countries.

The UN-HABITAT Country Programme Documents identify national urban development goals and priori-ties including shelter, urban governance, access to basic services and credit. Important cross-cutting issues such as the environment, gender, responses to disas-ters, and vulnerability reduction are also addressed. The UN-HABITAT Country Programme Documents focus on UN-HABITAT country programming. They

serve as a work plan for UN-HABITAT Programme Man-agers and a reference tool for national and local actors involved in sustainable urban development. Accord-ing to the Medium-Term Strategic and Institutional Action Plan adopted by the UN-HABITAT Committee of Permanent Representatives on 6 December �007, twenty UN-HABITAT Country Programme Docu-ments were completed during �008, including the One-UN Pilot countries where UN-HABITAT is active.

In line with the United Nations reform process, UN-HABITAT Country Programme Documents seek to strengthen the role of the United Nations and to demonstrate our commitment. I wish to thank our UN-HABITAT Programme Managers for their input and dedication and for putting together these documents under guidance of the Regional and Technical Cooperation Division and with support from all branches and programmes of the Agency.

Anna K. Tibaijuka

Executive Director, UN-HABITATs

foreworDs


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MiNiSTER Uganda is a signatory to the Habitat Agenda and recognizing the importance of the Millennium Development Goals 7 target 11, to improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by �0�0. There is urgent need to address this challenge within the Ugandan context

Urbanization trends in Uganda and indeed world over cannot be stopped but needs to be managed well or else economic development and poverty reduction will be stalled. In 1997, the Government of Uganda developed a Poverty Eradication Action Plan as a national planning framework which spelled out Government’s priority areas for public spending.

This Habitat Programme Document (HCPD) recognizes the contribution of the urban sector as very signifi-cant provided the urban sector is enabled to function efficiently. The urban sector should be regarded as a social economic entity with many sub-systems that are inter-linked and work together to stimulate economic growth. Tackling some of the problems in piecemeal manner does not enhance the functional-ity of the urban sector as an economic entity. Often urban managers have adopted sectoral priorities and marginalised other sectors rendering the urban sector uncompetitive. This in essence has not optimized the functioning of the city as an engine of economic growth. The HCPD proposals have been designed to adopt a holistic approach in addressing the urban development and management issues. This implies that planning has been integrated i.e. physical plan-ning and based on social economic and environmental considerations. At present, socio-economic planning is not linked in any way to physical planning. This has undermined the economic competitiveness of urban sector and eventually perpetuated urban poverty.

The urban sector plays a dual role as a producer and consumer; it is therefore important to bal-ance investments in the urban centres in order to enhance their role as producers as opposed to focus-ing predominantly on their consumer demands. As a producer, the urban centre should be enabled to produce more jobs, revenue, houses, skills, more value on goods, finished goods, knowledge, urban culture and above all it should have the capacity to effectively manage waste in order to secure qual-ity environment. On the other hand, as consumers, the urban centres should be enabled to have the necessary social and infrastructural services such as water, electricity, roads, including adequate land; security to meet the needs of the urban citizens.

As we move into the future, the government will strengthen policy measures and institutional frameworks for dealing with these challenges. Government will institute strong measures for the review monitoring of implementation proc-ess and results across and levels of government.

I would like to thank UN-Habitat and all devel-opment partners for their continued support to poverty eradication in Uganda. The government remains committed to the millennium declara-tion and to the achievement of the goals.

Hon. Michael K Werikhe Minster of State for Housing

Government of Uganda



NATiONAL URBAN POLiCY CONTExTUganda is located in East Africa astride the equator. It is bordered by the Sudan in the North, Kenya in the East, Tanzania and Rwanda in the South and the Democratic Republic of Congo in the West. It shares Lake Victoria with Tanzania and Kenya. Uganda is landlocked and elevated to an altitude of 1000-1500 metres above sea level, covering �41,038 Km� (5½ times the size of Denmark). It lies in the equatorial belt with temperatures between �0 to 30 degrees Celsius. Regular rainfall is experienced throughout the year in most parts, with the rainy season taking place between April-May and October-November.

Uganda’s population has grown at a rate of 3.�% in �00� from �4.� millions to an estimated popula-tion today of �9 million people. It is estimated that about 15% of Uganda’s population live in urban areas. Whereas the level of urbanisation remains fairly low, the rate of urban growth is remark-ably high. The urban population is estimated to be growing at 5.1% per annum. Uganda’s population

is projected to rise to 68.4 million in �035, 30% of whom will live in urban areas. This will have serious implications for the demand for land, housing, water, health, education, jobs and other basic services.

The urban population in Uganda has increased rapidly from less than one million in 1980 to 3 million in �00�, representing a three-fold increase. During the same period, the share of the population that lived in urban areas has increased from 6.7 percent to 1�.3 percent. Urban areas are characterised by high growth rate of 5.1 percent between 1991 and �00�. The �005/06 Uganda National Household Survey also reported an increase in the urban population which further confirms the census findings; it revealed that 15.4 percent of the population lives in urban areas.

Urbanisation in Uganda is relatively young compared to Kenya and Tanzania. The roots of urbanisation in Uganda are traced back to the 1890s when a European presence was established in the country – a period that defined Uganda’s spatial and urban development pattern. With the building of the Kenya - Uganda Railway, economic and administrative centres was established. Nothing much has changed since this pattern was established after independence.

The urban centres created “pressure zones”, a phenomenon punctuated by heavy demographic shifts from rural areas to urban centres. The urban migrants later over-ran existing facilities culminat-ing in increased pressure on housing utilities, land resources and other infrastructure. The railway line accelerated growth of urban centres such as Tororo, Kasese, Gulu. Colonial policy also regarded towns as centres of non-African settlement and shaped legisla-tion and administration to that end. Later, the colonial government set up administrative centres in various parts of the country to stabilise settlements, which laid the foundation for the early growth of urban centres. In later years, urbanisation in the country has been has been influenced by long distance truck drivers.

From the 1950s up to the early1980s, the devel-opment focus in many developing countries has been on the rural areas. There was a presumption among social policy architects, urban managers, and researchers that the urban areas were better off in terms of social and economic infrastructure. The British colonial government regulated the plan-ning and administration of almost all of the urban areas in Uganda under the Urban Authorities Act 1958, which was later, amended to Urban Authori-ties Act, 1964. During this era, the British virtually ignored the pre-existence of well established and sophisticated land settlement and local governance or urban administrative systems like the “Kibuga” in

siTUATioN ANAlysis

STATiSTiCAL OvERviEw

Urbanisation (2008)Total population: 32 mUrban population: 4.1 m (13 %)

Annual growth rates (2005-2010)National: 3.2 %Urban: 4.4 %

Major cities (2008)Kampala: 1.4 m

Source: UN DESA

Slum indicatorsSlum to urban population: 67 %

% urban population with access to:Improved water: 89 %Piped water: 59Improved sanitation: 66 %Sufficient living area: 71 %Durable housing: 73 %

Source: UN-HABITAT, 2006

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Kampala, which had in many cases, been in existence long before the arrival of the British (MLWE, �00�).

Planning policies and outline schemes had the effect of segregating income and racial groups which gave preference to upper and middle-income groups. The implications of the colonial and post colonial policy frameworks was that emerging urban authorities were empowered to initiate urban plans, “coordinate and facilitate construction of public utility services, transport, communications and other public services, as well as conserve and develop the resources of the area concerned”. This left the authorities with full responsibility for responding to the movement en masse and to an ever soaring urban population in the urban nucleus without a corresponding increase in investment in the infrastructure - a condition that rendered them unable to respond to the problems of urbanisation. The consequences of this lack of foresight have been an unprecedented pressure on infrastructure, like water supply, residential accom-modation and sanitation services in the urban areas.

Most of the settlements in Ugandan towns have sprung up without proper urban planning and devel-opment controls. Consequently, these settlements have not been recognised by city authorities, described as `illegal’, and not conforming to health regulations. Due to their informal status, urban authorities have also tended to ignore them in the provision of basic services such as water, refuse collection, electricity and sewerage disposal. However, the authorities have

tolerated them as their densities have far reaching eco-nomic and political implications, making them difficult to stop. In the 1970s and 1980s, the political turmoil meant a total collapse of the Ugandan economy: the industrial sector collapsed; major property owners in the country were expelled leading to a decline in institutional capacity of urban authorities. By 1979, the economy was in the doldrums with an income per capita of USD1�0 as compared to the income per capita of USD450 in 1970 (MFED, 1987). Population growth in the urban centres continued to rise. For example, between 1969 and 1980, Kampala grew by 3.14%. The single most important characteristic describing this period was the urbanisation of poverty.

focUs AreA 1: ADvOCACY, MONiTORiNG AND PARTNERSHiPS

vULNERABiLiTY

The government of Uganda is committed to creat-ing and promoting a system of safeguards against disasters that ensure the continued productive capacity of citizens. The main thrust of the govern-ment’s policy is to ensure that Disaster Risk Reduc-tion and Management is adopted as an integral part of the development process. It recognises the profound impact of human activity on the natural environment; the influence of population growth,

© Ib Knutsen



high population density, increased urbanisation, industrial expansion, predatory resource exploita-tion, and the expanding technological advances.

This policy approaches disaster management focusing on reducing risk and vulnerability to households, com-munities, the work place, society and on a national level. The approach involves a shift from being reactive to anticipating disasters and adopting preventative measures. The policy aims at establishing and sustain-ing capacity to detect, track, monitor and dissemi-nate information on phenomena and activities that trigger disaster events. The policy calls for institutional emergency preparedness and response capacity at local and national levels. It seeks to integrate Disaster Risk Reduction and Management strategies into existing and future policies, laws and development plans. The expected outcome of this policy is the maximum state of preparedness for the country.

On displacement the government establishes prin-ciples, which will serve as a guide to government institutions, humanitarians and development agen-cies while providing assistance and protection to the internally displaced persons in Uganda. The policy specifies the roles and responsibilities of government institutions, humanitarian and development agen-cies, donors and the displaced community and other stakeholders. Fundamental to this policy is that the recognition that Internally Displaced Persons shall enjoy, the full equality, the same rights and freedoms under the constitution and other laws, as do all other

persons in Uganda. They shall not be discriminated against in the fulfillment of any rights and freedoms and the grounds that they are internally displaced.

In this policy government commits itself to:

Protecting its citizens against arbitrary displacement e.g. evictions

Promoting the search for durable solutions to causes of displacement

Facilitating the voluntary return, resettlement, integration and re-integration of the Internally Displaced Persons

Ensuring that persons internally displaced or otherwise receive informa-tion relating to this policy.

iNSTiTUTiONAL STRENGTHENiNG AND CAPABiLiTY BUiLDiNG

Many urban local authorities desperately lack the required skills to manage growth, provide urban services, and maintain infrastructure. Often train-ing and capability building initiatives are undertaken in an uncoordinated, unfocused fashion, replicating previous programs and failing to enhance skills of urban managers and their staff. In addition, there is an urgent need to promote and strengthen existing and new institutional structures that are responsible

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for, or can facilitate, urban development. Technology and automation (e.g., computerisation, geographi-cal information systems, and other tools) can greatly enhance urban management systems if properly designed, implemented, and staffed. Local govern-ments are also increasingly adopting tools from the private sector such as demand management in the areas of service tariff reform, improved use of limited road space, and regulation of groundwater use.

In addition to the urgent need for enhanced human resource skills at all levels of the urban development process, the institutional structures and the relation-ships between these structures need to be improved. Better horizontal coordination is critically needed in cities, particularly as urban areas spread across several local administrations. Policy dialogue with and assistance to metropolitan authorities are required to redesign institutional frameworks, revise regulations, and restructure decision-making mechanisms. Better vertical coordination between central (state and pro-vincial) and local governments is increasingly essential as decentralisation policies become more common

focUs AreA 2: PARTiCiPATORY URBAN PLANNiNG, MANAGEMENT AND GOvERNANCE

URBAN PLANNiNG AND MANAGEMENT

The Town and Planning Act provides legal frame-work for urban planning and, defines and describes the various levels of governments, their functions and how they relate to each other. The existing Town and Country Planning Act does not cater to the dynamic developments of the urban develop-ment process in Uganda today. It also runs in conflict with the recent legislation on land, which leads to serious implications for city functioning and overlap in the provision of services. The existing law lays more emphasis on urban planning and less on rural planning which has therefore led to a mass influx of people to urban areas. As the formal planning procedures and programs developed under the previ-ous structure plans and outline schemes remained legally in place, they bore less and less reference to what was actually taking place on the ground. The regulations were basically top down and could no longer create and foster meaningful and manageable planning and administrative processes in the country.

Previous urban plans involved the preparation of physical plans and regulations on land use, social and infrastructure provision. The majority of these plans

pegged the provision of infrastructure services onto the organs of the central government (parastatals and line ministries) in a supply driven manner. In the absence of a participatory planning process and fiscal transfers to enable local authorities and communi-ties to identify, prioritise, plan, implement, commis-sion, operate and maintain the services, investments created out of these plans tended to be inappropri-ate to the local needs and were not sustainable.

New urban structure plans, legislations and poli-cies have led to a departure from this traditional delivery system and proposed land use planning and corresponding regulations with design strate-gies and enabling policies and programs, which address urbanization in a multi-sectoral basis. These policies and programmes are aimed at complementing and reinforcing existing urban activities geared toward strengthening economic viability and urban processes in urban centres.

focUs AreA 3: PRO-POOR LAND AND HOUSiNG

LAND fOR HOUSiNG

The current law in Uganda vests ownership of land in the hands of Ugandan citizens of and recognises the following land tenure systems: Freehold, Mailo, Lease-hold and Customary Tenure. The Urban Local Govern-ments no longer have statutory leases over land within areas of their jurisdiction. In order to acquire any land for public use e.g. roads, open spaces, etc, there has to be adequate compensation of the landowner. All Local Governments do not have adequate resources for this purpose. This is, therefore, bound to affect the effectiveness of Local Authorities in service delivery.

Secondly, existence of multiple tenure rights on land affects access to land by would be poten-tial developers. Besides, speculation of land on land market creates an artificial shortage, which is reflected, in the high prices for land on the market.

Thirdly, ownership of land in the urban areas is a viable and lucrative business with unrestricted sale. It has been turned into a commodity leading to the conversion of environmentally sensitive land to development projects with serious social and health consequences. This has made environmental condi-tions appalling. Accessibility to environmental services now ranges from total inadequacy to non-existence in most urban areas. Inadequate planning or lack of it in some urban areas and the resultant development in inappropriate areas such as open spaces, swamps,



and steep slopes is causing serious health problems such as water pollution, and disease outbreaks.

SHELTER AND BASiC SERviCES

In an effort to address the enormous housing short-age and as a follow up to the UN General Assembly resolution No. 41(190 of December 1987) on shelter for the homeless the Government initiated and even-tually adopted The National Shelter Strategy in 199�.

The strategy had the twin objectives of:

i. Creating an environment that is conducive to full mobilisation of local resources for the provi-sion of decent shelter for low-income earners

ii. Strengthening the capacity of key stake-holders in the delivery of housing.

One of the key policy objectives under the The National Shelter Strategy was to create a vibrant housing finance environment in which Govern-ment would use public funds to support policy measures that would encourage private partici-pation in housing finance and development.

Since the adoption of the The National Shel-ter Strategy a number of reforms have been carried out. These include:

i. Constitutional land reforms aimed at improvement of ownership, security of tenure and management of land

ii. Divestiture of Government from physi-cal housing of civil servants

iii. The implementation of the Poverty Eradica-tion Action Plan aimed at improving the earning and saving capacities of the poor

iv. Divestiture of Government from owner-ship of various parastatal organisations

v. Effective macro-economic policies resulting in a liberalised economy and steady economic growth.

The divestiture of government from the provision of physical housing to civil servants in particular created a pool of funds which was deposited with Hous-ing Finance Company of Uganda for provision of mortgage finance. This amount has been used to finance mainly middle-income housing in Kampala, especially in the estates developed by the National Housing and Construction Cooperation Ltd.

The policy framework has achieved some results, although a number of gaps remain. The gaps include:

i. Ineffective land use planning and poor enforce-ment of development standards and regulations

ii. Government’s historical inability to provide primary infrastructure and services to new developments

iii. The poor coordination of the development plans of urban and local authorities with those of utility agencies and developers

iv. Poor service delivery by utility agen-cies to private sector developers

v. The high cost of infrastruc-ture development and services

vi. Lack of government incentives for pri-vate developers to develop new areas

vii. Inadequate long-term financing sources for potential mortgagees and developers.

The situation has been compounded by the lack of regular structured dialogue between the govern-ment and the private sector (developers and financial intermediaries) aimed at formulating strategies for private sector financing of affordable housing.

It is evident that the efforts of the previous gov-ernment notwithstanding, a great deal still needs to be done to deliver affordable hous-ing in a sustainable manner. New efforts should focus on encouraging private sector participa-tion in financing housing developments.

In order to come up with a comprehensive range of strategies, it is important to review; the nature of financing required for the various phases, the quantum of funds available to finance housing, and to identify the key players and their respective roles.

focUs AreA 4: STRENGTHENED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS fiNANCE SYSTEMS

HOUSiNG/URBAN DEvELOPMENT AND THE ENviRONMENT

The rapid urban population growth of Uganda (5.6% p.a.) has increased the demand for housing for all income groups especially the low income group. The Istanbul Declaration of which Uganda subscribes and Millennium Development Goal 7 Target 11 empha-sises the need to make human settlements healthier, safer and more livable, sustainable, equitable and productive. It is, therefore, important for all urban


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residents to have a decent living environment, clean water, sanitation, transport electricity and other services. Because of this demand, housing facilities in Uganda have been increasing in quantity. The Uganda government has facilitated macro-economic stabil-ity, economic liberalisation, security, infrastructural development, constitutional land tenure reforms that have greatly improved the performance of the sector. Several real estate developers, e.g. Akright Projects Ltd; National Housing and Construction Cooperation Ltd., have been setting up modern housing estates.

Under the Condominium Property Act. �001 National Housing and Construction Cooperation Ltd. has sold its �00 flats and plans to sell more in Kampala to sitting tenants. Habitat for humanity an NGO based on charity is also involved in housing construction for needy families both in the rural and urban areas.

The government has been involved in slum upgrad-ing projects e.g. Namuwongo project which aim at improving the living conditions for the slum residents. The private sector is involved through construction of personal residential houses, rented commer-cial and residential houses. Through private sector participation high rise buildings have been put up for both commercial and residential purposes.

The Central Business District of Kampala has been transformed through the construction of new shop-ping arcades, hotels, apartments, office blocks, modifying and renovating the old buildings. Outside the Central Business District high rise commer-cial and residential buildings are on the increase. Slums which used to be found close to the Central Business District are fast disappearing but reemerg-ing at the periphery as slums continue to acco-modate the majority of the urban population.

The interactions between population and urban development have always manifested positive and negative environmental changes. The magnitude of the changes is influenced by the level of urban development planning and implementation of the plans as intervening factors. Where planning is visible, there is a tendency for a balance between urban development and the environment. Whereas in areas of spontaneous development, environ-mental changes may be adverse and irreversible.

The interactions have contributed to poverty and the urban poor are much more disadvantaged than their rural counterparts since they live in poor conditions with persistent environmental burdens of flooding and accumulated wastes. In terms of employment, the informal sector and self-employ-ment are dominant and largely gendered.

Government also pays great attention to environmen-tal impacts of developments and therefore with fund-ing from the World Bank, it established the National Environmental Authority with a mandate to ensure that all developments adhere to acceptable envi-ronmental standards through environmental impact assessments and consequently mitigation measures.

focUs AreA 5: STRENGTHENED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS fiNANCE SYSTEMS The housing financial system in Uganda is small and under-developed. Until recently, the Housing Finance Company of Uganda was the only formal mortgage lender in Uganda. Although the Housing Finance Company of Uganda has been in busi-ness for a long time, it remains a small institution and deals with the upper end of the market. DFCU Ltd. joined Housing Finance Company of Uganda in �00� as a formal mortgage lender. DFCU offers owner occupier mortgages for the purchase, comple-tion, renovation or furnishing of home, buy to let mortgages, equity release mortgages and com-mercial and industrial mortgages. The loan terms are from three to fifteen years and DFCU will lend up to 70 percent of the value of the property.

The commercial banks do not provide long-term mortgage loans. However, a modest amount of their personal lending is used to finance incre-mental construction and some personal loans are rolled over 80% in effect they become long term loans to fund house purchase or construction.

The financial services sector in Uganda is domi-nated by Commercial Banks and Microfinance operators, which hold only short-term liabilities. The two development banks, East African Develop-ment Bank and the Uganda Development Bank mainly finance medium term industrial and agri-cultural projects. The development banks use mainly foreign sourced lines of credit, denomi-nated in hard currency, to finance their lending.

To finance housing on a sustainable basis, there needs to be available at a minimum, a stock of growing local long term liabilities sufficient to satisfy existing demand. The traditional sources of long-term local funds in the economy have been adversely affected by the historical economic and political instability, and the population’s lack of confidence in and knowledge of financial assets.


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rven

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rea

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m o

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rel

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part

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anis

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nA

ctiv

itie

s

UN

ICEF

UN

CEF

thr

ough

par

tner

ship

with

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-Hab

itat

has

prov

ided

fun

ding

for

the

con

stru

ctio

n of

tea

cher

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uses

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ira D

istr

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as a

way

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supp

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e re

turn

pro

cess

of

the

Inte

rnal

ly d

ispl

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peo

ple

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llage

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orig

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advo

cacy

rol

e in

sup

port

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prog

ram

me

amon

g th

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mm

uniti

es; p

rovi

de in

form

atio

n to

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tar

gete

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pula

tions

and

ens

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loca

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horit

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fully

eng

aged

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roce

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UN

IDO

UN

IDO

is s

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uth

prog

ram

me

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N-H

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on t

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hip

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men

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emat

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urve

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ried

out

wha

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uth

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ampa

la d

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resu

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t yo

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peop

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ppre

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sine

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s a

care

er a

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need

tra

inin

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bas

ic b

usin

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skill

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ain

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yout

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FPA

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FPA

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acili

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ne S

top

Yout

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entr

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PAR

TNER

S



sTrATeGy

NATiONAL DEvELOPMENT GOALS AND PRiORiTiESThe second UNDAF of Uganda for �006–�010 builds strongly on the key challenges identified and the Areas of Cooperation proposed in the Common Coun-try Assessment The overall objective is to improve cohesion of action towards implementation of the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Develop-ment Goals with Uganda’s own priorities as expressed in the national Poverty Eradication Action Plan

The UNS proposes a number of specific areas for intervention, focusing on equal opportuni-ties, empowerment, sustainability, protection, and security, which are essential for both successful poverty reduction and effective promotion of good governance and human rights. These are essential for giving voice to poor, marginalized and vulner-able groups and are designed to involve the public sector, private sector and civil society alike. This is a point of emphasis as Uganda implements the urban campaign, which was launched on ��nd June �007.

The Country Program Action Plan �006 – �010 was formulated based on Uganda’s priority needs and challenges identified in the �004 Common Country Assessment and subsequently, the United Nations Development Assistance Framework. It is anchored in Government’s national development strategy, the Poverty Eradication Action Plan �004-�010, which incorporates the Millennium Development Goals. The Government developed a Poverty Eradication Action Plan as a national planning framework, which spelled out Government’s priority areas for public spending. Unfortunately, the urban dimension was excluded from the Poverty Eradication Action Plan exacerbat-ing the already appalling state of the urban poor who constitute about 80% of the urban population. There has been a misconception that that poverty in Uganda is basically rural phenomenon, which is false.

The Poverty Eradication Action Plan is a very important key policy strategy thought out by government to transform Uganda into a modern economy by �017. It is through this strategy that determines priorities for resource allocation operating in cycle of three years. Uganda is currently implementing PEAP three �004/05 – �007/08. The purpose of the Poverty Eradication Action Plan is to provide a framework to guide public action to reduce poverty under five pillars, namely:

Economic management

Enhancing production, competitiveness and incomes

•

•

Security, conflict resolution and disaster management

Good Governance, and

Human development.

It is within this context that the urban set-tlement sector should be viewed and con-structed. There is an entry point almost in each of these five pillars of the sector.

Urban poverty is acknowledged as a major problem caused by high migration, which leads to shortage of adequate shelter, sanita-tion and other services for human survival.

In effect under Pillar 4, means respect for human rights, which is part and parcel of Good Urban Governance. Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) provides very important environment for the urban sector despite being weak in its urban focus but main areas of concern is poverty reduction.

The government has kicked off the proc-ess for the revision of the PEAP with a lot of changes in approach and also adapting a new name the, National Development Plan.

UN-HABiTAT’S PROPOSED STRATEGY fOR THE URBAN SECTOR i. Developing Comprehensive Urban Sector Policy Frameworks

Well-prepared policy frameworks are essential to the creation of well-defined institutional arrange-ments and the balanced structure of incentives, and to support effective provision of services and resource management. Within these frameworks, the most important aspects relate to (i) govern-ance and links between the public sector, private sector, and the community; (ii) the role of local governments and decentralisation; (iii) privatisa-tion of revenue earning services; (iv) land man-agement; and (v) access of sector institutions to funding, improved tariffs, and cost recovery.

ii. Formulating Improved Integrated Urban Development Projects

The critical Integrated Urban Development Projects must (i) be demand-driven (ii) contribute to improved urban management (iii) reflect local government and community priorities (iv) be operationally sustainable. They will need to be carefully designed to create real synergy between a smaller numbers of components.

•

•

•


UG

AN

DA

The projects should be supported by thoroughly devel-oped and strengthened institutional linkages, backed by capacity building and policy support TA. Where there is an urgent need to address particular sub sec-tors, sub sector-specific projects should be prepared.

iii. Providing Sub sector Programs

Selectively, the GoU should develop programs in sub sectors, including urban poverty reduction, urban environmental management, urban transport, land management, waste management, drainage, and housing finance. In developing such sub sector programs care must be taken to ensure that the programs are managed in a holistic manner to avoid negative impacts on related urban sub sectors or the economic, cultural, or natural environment.

vi. Providing Policy-Based Financing

There is need for increased funding to the urban sector policymaking and capacity building, and to mobilisation of resources. The scope for policy reform cuts across most sub sectors, with common themes being (i) decentralisation, increased com-munity participation, and improved governance; (ii) institutional and financial management strengthen-ing; (iii) facilitating, managing, and monitoring private sector provision of services; (iv) interagency coopera-tion; and (v) project preparation and evaluation.

v. Supporting Private Sector Investments

The government of Uganda plays a major role in assisting the urban sector by providing support to private sector investments through equity and long-term loans without or with partial government guarantee. Funding for water supply, sewerage, solid waste, mass transit, and other services will be attracted by the potential for economies of scale in the operation of the service, and by residents’ and business users’ greater ability-to-pay, particularly in larger urban agglomerations. Financial institutions could fund concession projects through its private sector window, and could assist governments in the tendering, selection, and monitoring processes.

vi. Promoting Cooperation with non-governmental organisations and Community Based Oroganisations

The urban sector should increase its networking and cooperation with non-governmental organisa-tions and Community Based Oroganisations, many of which are at the forefront of urban poverty and low-income shelter programs at the local level. non-governmental organisations and Community Based Oroganisations participation should be con-sidered during project design, to build sustainable, © Marie Douillard



long-term relationships between these organiza-tions, local governments, and financial institutions. non-governmental organisations and Community Based Oroganisations may also serve as training conduits and as a platform for sharing exercises.

vii. Catalyzing Information Dissemination

The urban sector should be an active member of the information networks in the Region. Exchange of information should include strengthening links with key external support agencies with interests in the urban sector in the Region.

OBjECTivESThis CPD is a new initiative and it is to guide the UN-HABITAT Programme Managers at the country level. The main focus of this Country Programme Document is Outcomes 1 and � of the UNDAF and as such the objectives that are relevant are:

To promote orderly, well balanced and equi-tably urban development and effective man-agement of the urban sector in Uganda

To improve the quality, access to and afford-ability of urban infrastructural services in order to make urban centers more competitive

To reduce urban poverty through well tar-geted interventions in government strate-gies for poverty reduction, which provide a framework for donor assistance

Improving urban services through market based provision of urban services based on delivery of appropriate and affordable services using effective private sector participation

•

•

•

•

Promoting good governance through strengthened legislation, regulation, monitoring, enforcement, accountabil-ity, participation and transparency

Strengthening urban management by improv-ing capacity, skills and expertise, while incor-porating best practices and innovations

To ensure environmental sustainability through institutional coordination between public and private sector organisations

To promote gender equality and empower women through housing and land rights.

•

•

•

•



UG

AN

DA

iDenTiFieD SecTOr PriOriTieS

ecOnOMic DevelOPMenT

Urban markets Improvement;

Urban Agriculture promotion support

Local economic Development

Training & Skills Development (Pte & NGO Sector)

Development of Housing cooperatives

•

•

•

•

•

SUSTAinABle UrBAniSATiOn

Slum Upgrading schemes

Provision of Water,

Sanitation,

Drainage,

Solid Waste Management,

Roads

Environment protection

Disaster risk assessment

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

UrBAn DevelOPMenT

Enactment of regulatory frameworks

Development of policies–

Public Awareness

Urban planning assessment

Housing delivery schemes

•

•

•

•

•

The Uganda country Program Document will be used as a tool to assist national stakeholders in their effort to place the Habitat Agenda and the Millennium Development Goals on their priority list. Pro-gram and project objectives as described in the following table.

iDENTifiED SECTOR PRiORiTiES


Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States�0

KEY PRiNCiPLESThe Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development is designated by the government of Uganda to coordinate all external aid and carries overall responsibility for the coordination of the UNDP country programme, which is nationally executed. The Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Develop-ment will track and monitor all financial resources pro-vided under the auspices of the UN-HABITAT Country Programme Document.

Projects will be entrusted to implementing partners based on institutional mandates, comparative advan-tage and capacity assessment, which will determine the nature of the implementation arrangements. Implementing partners will be accountable for the achievement of specific programme results as set out in the Annual Work Plans. The implementing partners will be drawn from Government Ministries and depart-ments, specialized UN agencies, national research or training institutions, intergovernmental bodies, non-governmental organisations, private sector, etc. Selection of implementing partners will be done jointly by UN-HABITAT, UNDP in accordance with standard UNDP procedures.

AWPs will be produced at the beginning of each calendar year providing detailed descriptions of activi-ties to be carried out, the responsible implementing institutions, and timeframes and planned inputs from Government and UN-Habitat. AWPs will be submitted for review by the local appraisal committee comprised of representatives of government, UNDP and con-cerned stakeholders.

The Habitat Programme Manager will be responsible for the overall programme implementation.

iNfORMATiONThe information and Communication strategy is to mobilize local, national, regional and global support for, and involvement in the implementation of the UN-HABITAT Country Programme Document.

NATiONAL REGiONAL AND GLOBAL STRATEGY

The following activities will be undertaken to enhance the national, regional and global visibility of the UN-HABITAT Country Programme:

i. Exhibitions at national, regional and international conferences, workshops, etc

A stand-alone exhibition on UN-habitat activities will be developed and will be set up at various national, re-gional, and international WATSAN conferences, work-shops, exhibitions, etc. The exhibition will highlight specific programme interventions and their contribu-tion to wards the achievement of the Goals.

ii. Programme video documentaries

A series of video documentaries will be produced highlighting distinct stages of the HABITAT Country programme: The situation on the ground in each project town before interventions; the interventions implemented through the programme; and the results of these interventions.

iii UN-Habitat/UNDP Website

To access to HABITAT country programme information and documentation, will posted on them.

iv. Media workshops

To improve on media coverage of HABITAT issues within the country, it is proposed that one media workshops be held each year to sensitise the media on HABITAT country programme issues in general. Selected media representatives will be consistently invited to the workshops and will have access to the HABITAT country programme documents and reports.

v. Participation in World Habitat Day

With World Habitat Day designated every year, pro-moting and exhibiting HABITAT programmes should be prioritised, focusing on related programme in-terventions related to the Millennium Development Goals.

iMpleMeNTATioN ArrANGeMeNTs


COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 �1

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AcroNyMs

AMICAAL Alliance of Mayors’ Initiative for Community Action on AIDS at the Local Level (AMICAALL)ALD Aid Liaison DepartmentCWS Cities without SlumsCBO Community Based OrganisationCCA Common Country AssessmentCDS City Development StrategyCFC Common Fund for CommoditiesCAP Consolidated Appeal ProcessCHOGM Commonwealth Heads Of Government MeetingCPAP Country Programme Action PlanDWD Directorate of Water DevelopmentDLG District Local GovernmentEVI Extremely Vulnerable IndividualsFAO Food and Agricultural OrganisationGIS Geographical Information SystemsGoU Government of UgandaIDP Internally Displaced PersonsJMC Jinja Municipal CouncilKCC Kampala City CouncilLRA Lords Resistance Army LVRLAC Lake Victoria Region Local Authorities CooperationLVWATSAN Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation LUO Local Urban ObservatoryLG Local GovernmentsLLG Lower Local GovernmentsMLHUD Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban DevelopmentMWE Ministry of Water and EnvironmentMTTI Ministry of Trade, Tourism and IndustryMAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and FisheriesMLG Ministry of Local GovernmentMGLSD Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social DevelopmentMOH Ministry of HealthMOES Ministry of Education and SportsMD Millennium DeclarationMDG Millennium Development GoalsMILGAP Mashariki Innovations on Local Government Award for best PracticesNEMA National Environment Management AuthorityNCG National Consultative GroupNGO Non-Governmental OrganisationsNSS National Shelter StrategyNWSC national Water and Sewerage CorporationNCDC National Curriculum Development Centre NUO National Urban ObservatoryNEX National ExecutionOPM Office of the Prime MinisterPEAP Poverty Eradication Action PlanRWH Rain Water HarvestingUNICEF United Nations International Children’s Education Fund UNIDO United Nations Industry Development Organisation UN United NationsUNDAF United Nations Development Assistance FrameworkUMP Urban Management ProgrammeUWESO Uganda Women Effort to Save OrphansWAC Water for African CitiesWFP World Food Programme



The UN-Habitat Country Programme Document (HCPD) for Uganda for the period �008-�009 aims to contribute to the realisation of national priori-ties, the advancement of Habitat Agenda and the achievement of the principles and values embedded in the Millennium Declaration, and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The HCPD articulates the urbanisation challenges in Uganda and provides highlights in support of Uganda’s urban develop-ment priorities over the next two year planning cycle. It facilitates a holistic nationally owned approach to the country’s urban development challenges.

UN-Habitat’s overall goal in formulating this country programme document is to provide a tool meant to guide all UN-HABITAT activities over a two-year period �008-�009. Under the coordination of the Habitat Programme Manager, UN-Habitat will undertake joint programmes, common moni-toring and evaluation (M&E) and ensure trans-parent and accountable use of resources.

Building on the analytical work reflected in the UNDAF outcomes, the HCPD, identifies a set of priorities aligned to the Government of Uganda’s Poverty

Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (PRDP) which major focus is to work on the improvement of citizen’s wellbe-ing and related aspects of their standard of living and general livelihood for next five-year planning periods. The UNDAF Outcomes 1, � and 5 cor-respond to the areas in which the UN-Habitat has collective expertise and comparative advantage. Emphasis has been laid on the needs of the most vulnerable groups and creating equal opportunities, thus contributing to progressive realization of the rights of the urban poor. The areas of emphasis are:

1) Orderly urban development and effective management of the urban sector. �) Improvement of social, economic and trade infrastructure. 3) Development of sustainable healthy, safe and livable urban settlements.

The implementation of this HCPD is estimated to cost approximately US$ 18,8�7,764 mil-lion. This includes financial resources mobi-lized by UN-HABITAT and external resources.

execUTive sUMMAry

Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States (ROAAS) P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: (+�54) �0-76� 3075, www.unhabitat.org

Habitat Programme Manager in Uganda: Mr. Peter Wegulo ([email protected])

UN-Habitat Country Programme Document 2008-2009 - Uganda

Documents

Transcript of UN-Habitat Country Programme Document 2008-2009 - Uganda