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Release June 2015

Prepared with special consideration by Dr. Nicole A. Buzzetto-More Professor of Management, University of Maryland Eastern Shore and Director MSDE BMF Program Affiliate. Copyright 2015©. All rights reserved. Users

are forbidden to reproduce, republish, redistribute, or resell materials from this document in form without permission.

UMES Center for Student Technology Competency and Microsoft Certification

UMES MICROSOFT OFFICE SPECIALIST CERTIFICATION EXCEL 2013

A TITLE III SPONSORED

PROGRAM

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 1

ABOUT THE MOS TESTS ................................................................................................................................ 4

MOS TESTING ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5

EXAM TOPICS COVERED ................................................................................................................................ 7

EXCEL 2013 CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION TASKS ..................................................................................... 10

USING EXCEL 2013 ...................................................................................................................................... 11

HOW TO USE THE RIBBON IN EXCEL 2013 .............................................................................................. 11

BASIC TASKS IN EXCEL 2013 .................................................................................................................... 17

CREATE A NEW WORKBOOK ................................................................................................................... 18

ENTER YOUR DATA .................................................................................................................................. 18

USE AUTOSUM TO ADD YOUR DATA ...................................................................................................... 18

APPLY A NUMBER FORMAT .................................................................................................................... 19

PUT YOUR DATA IN A TABLE ................................................................................................................... 19

SHOW TOTALS FOR YOUR NUMBERS ..................................................................................................... 22

SHOW YOUR DATA IN A CHART .............................................................................................................. 23

SAVE YOUR WORK ................................................................................................................................... 23

PRINT ....................................................................................................................................................... 23

SHOW OR HIDE COLUMNS AND ROWS .................................................................................................. 24

HIDE ONE OR MORE ROWS OR COLUMNS ......................................................................................... 24

AUTOMATICALLY REPEAT VALUES THAT ALREADY EXIST IN THE COLUMN ........................................... 25

USING THE FILL HANDLE ..................................................................................................................... 26

FILTER DATA IN AN EXCEL TABLE ............................................................................................................ 26

CREATE A SLICER TO FILTER YOUR TABLE DATA ..................................................................................... 30

FORMAT YOUR CHART ............................................................................................................................ 31

CREATE A SIMPLE FORMULA .................................................................................................................. 32

AUTOSUM—AUTOAVERAGE, AUTOCOUNT, AND MORE ....................................................................... 33

BUILDING EXCEL FORMULAS WITH THE INSERT FUNCTION DIALOG BOX .............................................. 33

CREATE OR CHANGE A CELL REFERENCE ................................................................................................ 33

USE CELL REFERENCES IN A FORMULA ................................................................................................... 34

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ABSOLUTE, RELATIVE AND MIXED REFERENCES ........................................ 35

DEFINE A NAME FOR A CELL OR CELL RANGE ON A WORKSHEET .......................................................... 36

THE PARTS OF A FORMULA ..................................................................................................................... 39

EXCEL FUNCTIONS (BY CATEGORY) ......................................................................................................... 42

DIALOGUE BOXES ........................................................................................................................................ 50

RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................. 52

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ABOUT THE MOS TESTS

Most people greatly overestimate their technical skills. By preparing for the MOS tests you will find that you will greatly increase your familiarity with the software. You will discover tools and features that you may not have previously known existed and which may be extraordinarily useful. You will also learn that the software is capable of more than you had expected, which may in turn increase your daily proficiency.

By earning Microsoft Office Specialist certifications you will be receiving a globally-acknowledged and industry-recognized credential. Delivered by Certiport, this is the only credentialing program endorsed by the Microsoft Corporation.

In the MOS 2007 and 2010 exams, individuals are presented with a series of situations where they are asked to perform certain tasks in the application. These randomly-sequenced, performance-based scenarios stand independent from each other.

With the new MOS 2013 exams, testing candidates are presented with a project that they must complete. Rather than being a series of required tasks, individuals now must complete a project that delivers a better indicator of real world Office 2013 use. As such, individuals are measured on their performance at a deeper skill level.

Time Allowed: 50 minutes

MOS TESTING ENVIRONMENT

The MOS 2013 Excel Core Certification Exam is comprised of a single project that requires test

candidates to complete manipulate a file to add and name sheets, create and format tables,

apply cell styles and conditional formatting, sort and filter, create charts, create and apply

named ranges, use and modify formulas, etcetera. The testing environment will include a set of

tasks to be completed (with coordinating check boxes and references to files and resources to

be used) on the lower left, preview images of the finished product in the bottom middle, and

resource files to be used in the completion of the project on the bottom left. The top two thirds

of the screen is the project to be manipulated. The image below presents a representative

screenshot taken from a practice PowerPoint Exam and another from a Word Exam.

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As previously mentioned, the test taker is not presented with any questions but rather with a

checklist of tasks to be completed. The following image presents an expanded view an exam

task list from a PowerPoint practice test that is typical of what one might expect to find on the

real exam. Sample task/instruction list not taken from an actual exam.

Exam Topics Covered

Skills Being MeasuredThis exam measures your ability to accomplish the technical tasks

listed below.The percentages indicate the relative weight of each major topic area on the

exam.The higher the percentage, the more questions you are likely to see on that content

area on the exam.

The information after ―This objective may include but is not limited to‖ is intended to further

define or scope the objective by describing the types of skills and topics that may be tested

for the objective. However, it is not an exhaustive list of skills and topics that could be

included on the exam for a given skill area. You may be tested on other skills and topics

related to the objective that are not explicitly listed here.

Create and manage worksheets and workbooks

Create worksheets and workbooks

Creating new blank workbooks; creating new workbooks using templates;

importing files; opening non-native files directly in Excel; adding worksheets to

existing workbooks; copying and moving worksheets

Navigate through worksheets and workbooks

Searching for data within a workbook; inserting hyperlinks; changing worksheet

order; using Go To; using Name Box

Format worksheets and workbooks

Changing worksheet tab color; modifying page setup; inserting and deleting

columns and rows; changing workbook themes; adjusting row height and column

width; inserting watermarks; inserting headers and footers; setting data validation

Customize options and views for worksheets and workbooks

Hiding worksheets; hiding columns and rows; customizing the Quick Access

toolbar; customizing the Ribbon; managing macro security; changing workbook

views; recording simple macros; adding values to workbook properties; using

zoom; displaying formulas; freezing panes; assigning shortcut keys; splitting the

window

Configure worksheets and workbooks to print or save

Setting a print area; saving workbooks in alternate file formats; printing individual

worksheets; setting print scaling; repeating headers and footers; maintaining

backward compatibility; configuring workbooks to print; saving files to remote

locations

Create cells and ranges

Insert data in cells and ranges

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Appending data to worksheets; finding and replacing data; copying and pasting

data; using AutoFill tool; expanding data across columns; inserting and deleting

cells

Format cells and ranges

Merging cells; modifying cell alignment and indentation; changing font and font

styles; using Format Painter; wrapping text within cells; applying Number format;

applying highlighting; applying cell styles; changing text to WordArt

Order and group cells and ranges

Applying conditional formatting; inserting sparklines; transposing columns and

rows; creating named ranges; creating outline; collapsing groups of data in

outlines; inserting subtotals

Create tables

Create a table

Moving between tables and ranges; adding and removing cells within tables;

defining titles

Modify a table

Applying styles to tables; banding rows and columns; inserting total rows;

removing styles from tables

Filter and sort a table

Filtering records; sorting data on multiple columns; changing sort order; removing

duplicates

Apply formulas and functions

Utilize cell ranges and references in formulas and functions

Utilizing references (relative, mixed, absolute); defining order of operations;

referencing cell ranges in formulas

Summarize data with functions

Utilizing the SUM function; utilizing the MIN and MAX functions; utilizing the

COUNT function; utilizing the AVERAGE function

Utilize conditional logic in functions

Utilizing the SUMIF function; utilizing the AVERAGEIF function; utilizing the

COUNTIF function

Format and modify text with functions

Utilizing the RIGHT, LEFT and MID functions; utilizing the TRIM function; utilizing

the UPPER and LOWER functions; utilizing the CONCATENATE function

Create charts and objects

Create a chart

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Creating charts and graphs; adding additional data series; switching between rows

and columns in source data; using Quick Analysis

Format a chart

Adding legends; resizing charts and graphs; modifying chart and graph

parameters; applying chart layouts and styles; positioning charts and graphs

Insert and format an object

Inserting text boxes; inserting SmartArt; inserting images; adding borders to

objects; adding styles and effects to objects; changing object colors; modifying

object properties; positioning objects

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Excel 2013 Certification Examination Tasks

While we cannot present you with the exact

list, nor can we show you the order that the

tasks appear, we have compiled a list of

tasks that closely resemble the tasks you will

be asked to complete while you navigate

through your project.Add a new sheet

Import tab deliminated text

Apply a theme

Apply theme color and/or font set

Cut and paste across sheets

Rename sheets

Change tab color

Format cell content

Find and Replace

Add hyperlink

Format as table

Apply table style

Sort and filter

Apply conditional formatting

Rename table using namebox

Remove duplicates

Perform data validation

Consolodate data

Create pivot table

Add total row to table

Set banded rows

Convert slicer into a table

Convert to range

Create a named range

Modify a named range

Use a named range in a formula

Hide rows

Create a new chart

Modify a chart (axis, labels, style, alt text,

or title)

Apply chart themes

Rename a chart

Create a pivot chart

Remove decimals

Delete sheets

Hide sheets

Hide/show columns

Move chart

Set print area

Add footer or header

Add and edit a picture

Change page orientation

Center on page

Inspect worksheet

Mark as final

Modify properties

Check for errors

Add a comment

Reverse order in a chart

Use the following formulas

o Sum

o Minimum

o Average

o Averageif

o Sumif

o Concatenate

o Transpose

o Count

o Countblank

o Lookup

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USING EXCEL 2013 Information Provided by the Microsoft Corporation

How To Use The Ribbon in Excel 2013

The Ribbon is made up of rectangles in the top working area – View, Review, Data, and

Formulas. Each of these corresponds to a separate tab.

To begin, go to File. That’s the access to the Backstage View. Select any tab here. Take Home

for example. Here you’ll see a number of groups. Their names are at the bottom (Clipboard

Group, Font Group). These groups are separated by vertical dividing lines.

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Within a group there are individual commands. For example, in the Tables Group you’ll see the

Pivot Table Command and a Table Command. Each of them has their own screen tips.

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Commands which are grayed out are not accessible for now. They can be executed after doing

relevant work in the workspace. For example, to Paste something, you need to Copy something

first.

So, the Ribbon is divided into tabs. Tabs have command groups divided into commands

which let you do different types of work in Excel. For example, using the Table Command will

give you a dialog window for creating a table.

Some commands have the possibility of getting a dialog box with options to choose from. These

can be displayed by a small arrow button at the bottom named the Dialog box launcher, as

found in the Pivot Chart of the Charts Group. If you click on that, you will have the choice of a

pivot chart or a pivot chart and pivot table. If you click on the Dialog box launcher of Font

in the Font Group, the dialog window will allow you to select Font, Style, Size, or Color.

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There are a number of options on the drop-down box, like in Text. Text options are also on the

Home tab, such as the Font Group and the Font Size Command. You can select the necessary

font and its size from there or put its value directly into the Font size box.

Additionally, you can see the Close, Maximize, and Minimize buttons in the top right corner of

the window as well as the Help and Ribbon Display Options. Clicking the Ribbon Display

Options will give you:

• Show tabs and Commands – displaying tabs and commands.

• Show Tabs – displaying names of tabs. When you click on a tab, the Ribbon appears and

disappears again.

• Auto-Hide Ribbon – hiding the Ribbon and the tabs. Click at the very top of the application to

get them back.

Pressing Alt gives you the key tips option. For example, to access Home, press H, Page Layout

- P. It also gives a similar set of keyboard shortcuts for all of the commands. It is useful for

working with a keyboard. To hide it, press Alt again.

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To customize the Ribbon, go to Options in the Backstage View and then go to Customize

Ribbon. You will be able to select any options which are suitable for your work in Excel 2013.

The Home tab gives you access to some of the most commonly used commands for working

with data in Excel 2013, including copy and paste, formatting, and number styles. The Home tab

is selected by default whenever you open Excel.

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The Insert tab allows you to insert charts, tables, sparklines, filters, and more, which can help you

visualize and communicate your workbook data graphically.

The Page Layout tab allows you to change the print formatting of your workbook, including

margin width, page orientation, and themes. These commands will be especially helpful when

preparing to print a workbook.

The Formulas tab gives you access to the most commonly used functions and formulas in Excel.

These commands will help you calculate and analyze numerical data, like averages and

percentages.

The Data tab makes it easy to sort and filter information in your workbook, which can be

especially helpful if your project contains a large amount of data.

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You can use the Review tab to access Excel's powerful editing features, including comments and

track changes. These features make it easy to share and collaborate on workbooks.

The View tab allows you to switch between different views for your workbook and freeze panes

for easy viewing. These commands will also be helpful when preparing to print a workbook.

Contextual tabs will appear on the Ribbon when working with certain items, like tables and

pictures. These tabs contain special command groups that can help you format these items as

needed.

Basic tasks in Excel 2013

Excel is an incredibly powerful tool for getting meaning out of vast amounts of data. But it also

works really well for simple calculations and tracking almost any kind of information. The key for

unlocking all that potential is the grid of cells. Cells can contain numbers, text or formulas. You

put data in your cells and group them in rows and columns. That allows you to add up your

data, sort and filter it, put it in tables, and build great-looking charts. Let’s go through the basic

steps to get you started.

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Create a new workbook

Excel documents are called workbooks. Each workbook has sheets, typically called spreadsheets.

You can add as many sheets as you want to a workbook, or you can create new workbooks to

keep your data separate.

1. Click File > New.

2. Under New, click the Blank workbook.

Enter your data

1. Click an empty cell. For example, cell A1 on a new sheet.

Cells are referenced by their location in the row and column on the sheet, so cell A1 is in

the first row of column A.

2. Type text or a number in the cell.

3. Press Enter or Tab to move to the next cell.

Use AutoSum to add your data

When you’ve entered numbers in your sheet, you might want to add them up. A fast way to do

that is by using AutoSum.

1. Select the cell to the right or below the numbers you want to add.

2. Click Home > AutoSum, or press Alt+=.

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AutoSum adds up the numbers and shows the result in the cell you selected.

Apply a number format

To distinguish between different types of numbers, add a format, like currency, percentages, or

dates.

1. Select the cells that have numbers you want to format.

2. Click Home > Arrow next to General.

3. Pick a number format.

If you don’t see the number format you’re looking for, click More Number Formats.

Put your data in a table

A simple way to access a lot of Excel’s power is to put your data in a table. That lets you quickly

filter or sort your data for starters.

1. Select your data by clicking the first cell and dragging to the last cell in your data.

To use the keyboard, hold down Shift while you press the arrow keys to select your data.

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2. Click the Quick Analysis button in the bottom-right corner of the selection.

3. Click Tables, move your cursor to the Table button so you can see how your data will look. If

you like what you see, click the button.

4. Now you can play with your data: Filter to see only the data you want, or sort it to go from, say,

largest to smallest. Click the arrow in the table header of a column.

5. To filter data, uncheck the Select All box to clear all check marks, and then check the boxes of

the data you want to show in your table.

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6. To sort the data, click Sort A to Z or Sort Z to A.

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Show totals for your numbers

Quick Analysis tools let you total your numbers quickly. Whether it’s a sum, average, or count

you want, Excel shows the calculation results right below or next to your numbers.

1. Select the cells that contain numbers you want to add or count.

2. Click the Quick Analysis button in the bottom-right corner of the selection.

3. Click Totals, move your cursor across the buttons to see the calculation results for your data,

and then click the button to apply the totals.

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Show your data in a chart

1. Select the cells that contain the data you want to show in a chart.

2. Click the Quick Analysis button that appears in the lower-right corner of your selection.

3. Click Charts, move across the recommended charts to see which one looks best for your data,

and then click the one that you want.

NOTE Excel shows different charts in this gallery, depending on what’s recommended for

your data.

Save your work

1. Click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar, or press Ctrl+S.

If you’ve saved your work before, you’re done.

2. If this is the first time, go on to complete the next steps:

1. Under Save As, pick where to save your workbook, and then browse to a folder.

2. In the File name box, enter a name for your workbook.

3. Click Save to finish.

Print

1. Click File > Print, or press Ctrl+P.

2. Preview the pages by clicking the Next Page and Previous Page arrows.

The preview window displays the pages in black and white or in color, depending on your

printer settings.

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If you don’t like how your pages will be printed, you can change page margins or add

page breaks.

3. Click Print.

Show or hide columns and rows

You can hide a row or column by using the Hide command, or by changing the row height or

column width to 0 (zero). You can display either again by using the Unhide command.

You can unhide specific rows and columns, or you can unhide all hidden rows and columns at

the same time. If you hide the first row or column in a worksheet, you follow a different process,

and you'll find that in the last section of the article.

Hide one or more rows or columns

1. Select the rows or columns that you want to hide.

TO SELECT DO THIS

A single cell Click the cell, or press the arrow keys to move to the cell.

A range of cells Click the first cell in the range, and then drag to the last cell, or hold down Shift while you press the

arrow keys to extend the selection.

You can also select the first cell in the range, and then press F8 to extend the selection by using the

arrow keys. To stop extending the selection, press F8 again.

A large range of cells Click the first cell in the range, and then hold down Shift while you click the last cell in the range.

You can scroll to make the last cell visible.

All cells on a worksheet Click the Select All button.

To select the entire worksheet, you can also press Ctrl+A.

NOTE If the worksheet contains data, Ctrl+A selects the current region. Pressing Ctrl+A a second

time selects the entire worksheet.

Nonadjacent cells or cell ranges Select the first cell or range of cells, and then hold down Ctrl while you select the other cells or

ranges.

You can also select the first cell or range of cells, and then press Shift+F8 to add another

nonadjacent cell or range to the selection. To stop adding cells or ranges to the selection, press

Shift+F8 again.

NOTE You cannot cancel the selection of a cell or range of cells in a nonadjacent selection without

canceling the entire selection.

An entire row or column Click the row or column heading.

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Row heading

Column heading You can also select cells in a row or column by selecting the first cell and then pressing

Ctrl+Shift+Arrow key (Right Arrow or Left Arrow for rows, Up Arrow or Down Arrow for columns).

NOTE If the row or column contains data, Ctrl+Shift+Arrow key selects the row or column to the last

used cell. Pressing Ctrl+Shift+Arrow key a second time selects the entire row or column.

Adjacent rows or columns Drag across the row or column headings. Or select the first row or column; then hold down Shift

while you select the last row or column.

Nonadjacent rows or columns Click the column or row heading of the first row or column in your selection; then hold down Ctrl

while you click the column or row headings of other rows or columns that you want to add to the

selection.

The first or last cell in a row or

column

Select a cell in the row or column, and then press Ctrl+Arrow key (Right Arrow or Left Arrow for

rows, Up Arrow or Down Arrow for columns).

The first or last cell on a worksheet

or in a Microsoft Office Excel table

Press Ctrl+Home to select the first cell on the worksheet or in an Excel list.

Press Ctrl+End to select the last cell on the worksheet or in an Excel list that contains data or

formatting.

Cells to the last used cell on the

worksheet (lower-right corner)

Select the first cell, and then press Ctrl+Shift+End to extend the selection of cells to the last used cell

on the worksheet (lower-right corner).

Cells to the beginning of the

worksheet

Select the first cell, and then press Ctrl+Shift+Home to extend the selection of cells to the beginning

of the worksheet.

More or fewer cells than the active

selection

Hold down Shift while you click the last cell that you want to include in the new selection. The

rectangular range between the active cell and the cell that you click becomes the new selection.

2. On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.

3. Do one of the following:

Under Visibility, point to Hide & Unhide, and then click Hide Rows or Hide Columns.

Under Cell Size, click Row Height or Column Width, and then type 0 in the Row

Height or Column Width box.

TIP You can also right-click a row or column (or a selection of multiple rows or columns), and

then click Hide.

Automatically repeat values that already exist in the column

If the first few characters that you type in a cell match an existing entry in that column, Excel

automatically enters the remaining characters for you. Excel automatically completes only those

entries that contain text or a combination of text and numbers. Entries that contain only

numbers, dates, or times are not automatically completed.

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After Excel completes what you started typing, do one of the following:

To accept a proposed entry, press Enter.

The completed entry exactly matches the pattern of uppercase and lowercase letters of

the existing entry.

To replace the automatically entered characters, continue typing.

To delete the automatically entered characters, press Backspace.

NOTES

Excel completes an entry only when the cursor is at the end of the current cell contents.

Excel bases the list of potential AutoComplete entries on the column that contains the active cell.

Entries that are repeated within a row are not automatically completed.

Fill data into adjacent cells by using the fill handle

To quickly fill in several types of data series, you can select cells and drag the fill handle

. To use the fill handle, you select the cells that you want to use as a basis for

filling additional cells, and then drag the fill handle across or down the cells that you

want to fill.

By default, the fill handle is displayed, but you can hide it, or show it if it's hidden.

Filter data in an Excel table

When you put your data in a table, filtering controls are added to the table headers

automatically.

For quick filtering, do this:

1. Click the arrow in the table header of the column you want to filter.

2. In the list of text or numbers, uncheck the (Select All) box at the top of the list, and then check

the boxes of the items you want to show in your table.

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TIP To see more items in the list, drag the handle in the bottom-right corner of the filter

gallery to enlarge it.

3. Click OK.

The filtering arrow in the table header changes to this icon to indicate a filter is applied.

Click it to change or clear the filter.

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Filter by specific text or numbers

1. Click the arrow in the table header of the column you want to filter.

2. If the column has numbers, click Number Filters. If the column has text entries, click Text

Filters.

3. Pick the filtering option you want, and then enter your filtering conditions.

For example, to show numbers above a certain amount, pick Greater Than Or Equal To,

and then enter the number you have in mind in the adjacent box.

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To filter by two conditions, enter filtering conditions in both sets of boxes, and pick And for both conditions to be true, and Or for

either of the conditions to be true.

Filter items by color

If you've applied different cell or font colors or a conditional format, you can filter by the colors

or icons that are shown in your table.

1. Click the arrow in the table header of the column that has color formatting or conditional

formatting applied.

2. Click Filter by Color and then pick the cell color, font color, or icon you want to filter by.

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The types of color options you’ll have available depend on the types of format you have applied.

Create a slicer to filter your table data

In Excel 2010, slicers were added as a new way to filter PivotTable data. In Excel 2013, you can

also create slicers to filter your table data. A slicer is really useful because it clearly indicates

what data is shown in your table after you filter your data.

Here’s how you can create one to filter your data:

1. Click anywhere in the table to show the Table Tools on the ribbon.

2. Click Design > Insert Slicer.

3. In the Insert Slicers dialog box, check the boxes you want to create slicers for.

4. Click OK.

A slicer appears for each table header you checked in the Insert Slicers dialog box.

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5. In each slicer, click the items you want to show in your table.

To choose more than one item, hold down Ctrl, and then pick the items you want to show.

TIP To change how the slicers look, click the slicer to show the Slicer Tools on the ribbon, and

then apply a slicer style or change settings on the Options tab.

Format your chart

Although the Chart Tools ribbon is full of cool things you can do to your chart, sometimes you

might want more control. In earlier versions of Office, advanced formatting options were buried

deeply in hard to find, complex dialog boxes. Now these options are available in clean, shiny,

new task panes. Select the chart element (for example, data series, axes, or titles), right-click it,

and click Format <chart element>. And presto, the new Format pane magically appears with

options that are tailored for the selected chart element.

Clicking the small icons at the top of the pane, moves you to other parts of the pane with more

options. And if you click on a different chart element, you’ll see that the task pane automatically

updates to the new chart element.

For example, to format an axis

1. Right-click the chart axis, and click Format Axis.

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2. In the Format Axis task pane, make the tweaks you want.

TIP You can move or resize the task pane to make working with it easier. Click the chevron in

the upper right.

Select Move and then drag the pane to a new location.

Select Size and drag the edge of the pane to resize it.

Create a simple formula

1. On the worksheet, click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.

2. Type the = (equal sign) followed by the constants and operators that you want to use in the calculation.

You can enter as many constants and operators in a formula as you need, up to 8192 characters.

TIP Instead of typing the constants into your formula, you can select the cells that contain the

values that you want to use and enter the operators in between selecting cells.

3. Press Enter.

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Don't just AutoSum—AutoAverage, AutoCount, and more!

Clicking the AutoSum button on the home tab gives you the opportunity to automatically

average, count, or get the maximum or minimum value in a range. Just select a range of values,

then click the arrow on the AutoSum button, and click the operation you want—Sum, Average,

Count, Max or Min.

Building Excel Formulas with the Insert Function Dialog Box

The Insert Function dialog box in Excel simplifies the task of using functions in your Excel

worksheets. The Insert Function dialog box helps you locate the proper function for the task at

hand and also provides information about the arguments that the function takes. If you use the

Insert Function dialog box, you don't have to type functions directly into worksheet cells.

Instead, the dialog box guides you through a (mostly) point-and-click procedure

1. On the Formulas tab or by clicking the Insert Function button (which looks like fx) on the

Formula bar. You can also access the Insert Function dialog box by clicking the small arrow

at the bottom of the AutoSum button on the Formulas tab of the Ribbon and selecting More

Functions.

2. Select a function category in the Select a Category list.

If you don't know which category to choose, select All to display all

functions in the Select a Function list. You also can type a brief description

in the Search for a Function box and click Go.

3. The Function Arguments dialog box appears. This is where you enter or select the arguments

for the function. Click the Help on This Function link at the bottom of the dialog box for

more details on the function.

4. Click OK

Create or change a cell reference

A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used in a formula

so that Microsoft Office Excel can find the values or data that you want that formula to calculate.

In one or several formulas, you can use a cell reference to refer to:

Data from one or more contiguous cells on the worksheet.

Data contained in different areas of a worksheet.

Data on other worksheets in the same workbook.

For example:

THIS

FORMULA:

REFERS TO: AND RETURNS:

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=C2 Cell C2 The value in cell C2.

=A1:F4 Cells A1 through F4 The values in all cells, but you must press Ctrl+Shift+Enter after you type in your

formula.

=Asset-Liability The cells named Asset and Liability The value in the cell named Liability subtracted from the value in the cell named

Asset.

{=Week1+Week2} The cell ranges named Week1 and

Week2

The sum of the values of the cell ranges named Week1 and Week 2 as an array

formula.

=Sheet2!B2 Cell B2 on Sheet2 The value in cell B2 on Sheet2

Use cell references in a formula

When you create a simple formula or a formula by that uses a function, you can refer to data in

worksheet cells by including cell references in the formula arguments. For example, when you

enter or select the cell reference A2, the formula uses the value of that cell to calculate the

result. You can also reference a range of cells.

1. Click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.

2. In the formula bar , type = (equal sign).

3. Do one of the following, select the cell that contains the value you want or type its cell

reference.

You can refer to a single cell, a range of cells, a location in another worksheet, or a

location in another workbook.

When selecting a range of cells, you can drag the border of the cell selection to move the

selection, or drag the corner of the border to expand the selection.

The first cell reference is B3, the color is blue, and the cell range has a blue border with square

corners.

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The second cell reference is C3, the color is green, and the cell range has a green border with

square corners.

NOTE If there is no square corner on a color-coded border, the reference is to a named

range.

4. Press Enter.

Using references in formulas

A reference identifies a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet, and tells Excel where to look for

the values or data you want to use in a formula. You can use references to use data contained in

different parts of a worksheet in one formula or use the value from one cell in several formulas.

You can also refer to cells on other sheets in the same workbook, and to other workbooks.

References to cells in other workbooks are called links or external references.

Making a reference to another worksheet In the following example, the AVERAGE worksheet function calculates the average value for the

range B1:B10 on the worksheet named Marketing in the same workbook.

Reference to a range of cells on another worksheet in the same workbook

Refers to the worksheet named Marketing

Refers to the range of cells between B1 and B10, inclusively

Separates the worksheet reference from the cell range reference

The difference between absolute, relative and mixed references

Relative references A relative cell reference in a formula, such as A1, is based on the relative

position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell the reference refers to. If the position

of the cell that contains the formula changes, the reference is changed. If you copy or fill the

formula across rows or down columns, the reference automatically adjusts. By default, new

formulas use relative references. For example, if you copy or fill a relative reference in cell B2 to

cell B3, it automatically adjusts from =A1 to =A2.

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Copied formula with relative reference

Absolute references An absolute cell reference in a formula, such as $A$1, always refer to a cell

in a specific location. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the absolute

reference remains the same. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the

absolute reference does not adjust. By default, new formulas use relative references, so you may

need to switch them to absolute references. For example, if you copy or fill an absolute

reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it stays the same in both cells: =$A$1.

Copied formula with absolute reference

Mixed references A mixed reference has either an absolute column and relative row, or

absolute row and relative column. An absolute column reference takes the form $A1, $B1, and

so on. An absolute row reference takes the form A$1, B$1, and so on. If the position of the cell

that contains the formula changes, the relative reference is changed, and the absolute reference

does not change. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the relative

reference automatically adjusts, and the absolute reference does not adjust. For example, if you

copy or fill a mixed reference from cell A2 to B3, it adjusts from =A$1 to =B$1.

Define a name for a cell or cell range on a worksheet

1. Select the cell, range of cells, or nonadjacent selections that you want to name.

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2. Click the Name box at the left end of the formula bar.

3. Type the name that you want to use to refer to your selection. Names can be up to 255

characters in length. To learn about additional rules for creating names, see the preceding

section, Learn about syntax rules for names.

4. Press Enter.

NOTE You can't name a cell while you are in Edit mode (changing the contents of the cell).

Define a name by using a selection of cells in the worksheet

You can convert existing row and column labels to names.

1. Select the range that you want to name, including the row or column labels.

2. On the Formulas tab, in the Defined Names group, click Create from Selection.

3. In the Create Names from Selection dialog box, designate the location that contains the labels

by selecting the Top row, Left column, Bottom row, or Right column check box.

NOTE A name created by using this procedure refers only to the cells that contain values and

does not include the existing row and column labels.

Define a name by using the New Name dialog box

1. On the Formulas tab, in the Defined Names group, click Define Name.

2. In the New Name dialog box, in the Name box, type the name that you want to use for your

reference.

NOTE Names can be up to 255 characters in length. To learn about additional rules for

creating names, see the section, Learn about syntax rules for names.

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3. To specify the scope of the name, in the Scope drop-down list box, select Workbook or the

name of a worksheet in the workbook.

4. Optionally, in the Comment box, enter a descriptive comment up to 255 characters.

NOTE If you publish the workbook to Excel Services and you specify one or more

parameters, the comment is used as a ScreenTip in the Parameters Task Pane.

5. In the Refers to box, do one of the following:

To enter a cell reference, type the cell reference.

TIP The current selection is entered by default. To enter other cell references as an

argument, click (which temporarily shrinks the dialog box), select the cells on the

worksheet, and then click to restore the dialog box to its normal size.

To enter a constant, type = (equal sign) and then type the constant value.

To enter a formula, type = and then type the formula.

6. To finish and return to the worksheet, click OK.

TIP To make the New Name dialog box wider or longer, click and drag the grip handle at the

bottom.

Manage names by using the Name Manager dialog box

Use the Name Manager dialog box to work with all of the defined names and table names in

the workbook. For example, you may want to find names that with errors (such as #DIV/0! or

#NAME?), confirm the value and reference of a name, view or edit descriptive comments, or

determine a name's scope. In this dialog box, you can also sort and filter the list of names, and

easily add, change, or delete names.

To open the Name Manager dialog box, on the Formulas tab, in the Defined Names group,

click Name Manager.

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Change a name

If you change a defined name or table name, all instances of that name in the workbook are also

changed.

1. On the Formulas tab, in the Defined Names group, click Name Manager.

2. In the Name Manager dialog box, click the name that you want to change, and then click Edit.

Tip You can also double-click the name.

3. In the Edit Name dialog box, in the Name box, type the new name for the reference.

4. In the Refers to box, change the reference, and then click OK.

5. In the Name Manager dialog box, in the Refers to box, change the cell, formula, or constant

represented by the name.

To cancel unwanted or accidental changes, click Cancel , or press Esc.

To save changes, click Commit , or press Enter.

NOTE The Close button only closes the Name Manager dialog box. Clicking Close is not

required to commit changes that have already been made.

The parts of a formula

A formula can also contain any or all of the following: functions, references, operators, and

constants.

Parts of a formula

Functions: The PI() function returns the value of pi: 3.142...

References: A2 returns the value in cell A2.

Constants: Numbers or text values entered directly into a formula, such as 2.

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Operators: The ^ (caret) operator raises a number to a power, and the * (asterisk) operator

multiplies numbers.

Using calculation operators in formulas

Operators specify the type of calculation that you want to perform on the elements of a formula.

There is a default order in which calculations occur (this follows general mathematical rules), but

you can change this order by using parentheses.

Types of operators

There are four different types of calculation operators: arithmetic, comparison, text

concatenation, and reference.

Arithmetic operators

To perform basic mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or

division; combine numbers; and produce numeric results, use the following arithmetic operators.

ARITHMETIC OPERATOR MEANING EXAMPLE

+ (plus sign) Addition 3+3

– (minus sign) Subtraction

Negation

3–1

–1

* (asterisk) Multiplication 3*3

/ (forward slash) Division 3/3

% (percent sign) Percent 20%

^ (caret) Exponentiation 3^2

Comparison operators

You can compare two values with the following operators. When two values are compared by

using these operators, the result is a logical value — either TRUE or FALSE.

COMPARISON OPERATOR MEANING EXAMPLE

= (EQUAL SIGN) EQUAL TO A1=B1

> (GREATER THAN SIGN) GREATER THAN A1>B1

< (LESS THAN SIGN) LESS THAN A1<B1

>= (GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO SIGN) GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO A1>=B1

<= (LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO SIGN) LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO A1<=B1

<> (not equal to sign) Not equal to A1<>B1

Text concatenation operator

Use the ampersand (&) to concatenate (join) one or more text strings to produce a single piece

of text.

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TEXT

OPERATOR

MEANING EXAMPLE

& (AMPERSAND) CONNECTS, OR CONCATENATES, TWO VALUES TO PRODUCE

ONE CONTINUOUS TEXT VALUE

"NORTH"&"WIND" RESULTS IN

"NORTHWIND"

Reference operators

Combine ranges of cells for calculations with the following operators.

REFERENCE

OPERATOR

MEANING EXAMPLE

: (COLON) RANGE OPERATOR, WHICH PRODUCES ONE REFERENCE TO ALL THE CELLS

BETWEEN TWO REFERENCES, INCLUDING THE TWO REFERENCES.

B5:B15

, (COMMA) UNION OPERATOR, WHICH COMBINES MULTIPLE REFERENCES INTO ONE

REFERENCE

SUM(B5:B15,D5:D15)

(SPACE) INTERSECTION OPERATOR, WHICH PRODUCES ONE REFERENCE TO CELLS

COMMON TO THE TWO REFERENCES

B7:D7 C6:C8

Use of parentheses

To change the order of evaluation, enclose in parentheses the part of the formula to be

calculated first. For example, the following formula produces 11 because Excel performs

multiplication before addition. The formula multiplies 2 by 3 and then adds 5 to the result.

=5+2*3

In contrast, if you use parentheses to change the syntax, Excel adds 5 and 2 together and then

multiplies the result by 3 to produce 21.

=(5+2)*3

In the following example, the parentheses that enclose the first part of the formula force Excel to

calculate B4+25 first and then divide the result by the sum of the values in cells D5, E5, and F5.

=(B4+25)/SUM(D5:F5)

Using functions and nested functions in formulas

When you create a formula that contains a function, you can use the Insert Function dialog box

to help you enter worksheet functions. As you enter a function into the formula, the Insert

Function dialog box displays the name of the function, each of its arguments, a description of

the function and each argument, the current result of the function, and the current result of the

entire formula.

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To make it easier to create and edit formulas and minimize typing and syntax errors, use

Formula AutoComplete. After you type an = (equal sign) and beginning letters or a display

trigger, Excel displays, below the cell, a dynamic drop-down list of valid functions, arguments,

and names that match the letters or trigger. You can then insert an item from the drop-down list

into the formula.

Nesting functions

In certain cases, you may need to use a function as one of the arguments of another function.

For example, the following formula uses a nested AVERAGE function and compares the result

with the value 50.

The AVERAGE and SUM functions are nested within the IF function.

Excel functions (by category)

Compatibility functions

Cube functions

Database functions

Date and time functions

Engineering functions

Financial functions

Information functions

Logical functions

Lookup and reference functions

Math and trigonometry functions

Statistical functions

Text functions

User defined functions that are installed with add-ins

Web functions

Here are some expanded categories

DATABASE FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

DAVERAGE

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE AVERAGE OF SELECTED DATABASE ENTRIES

DCOUNT FUNCTION COUNTS THE CELLS THAT CONTAIN NUMBERS IN A DATABASE

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DCOUNTA

FUNCTION

COUNTS NONBLANK CELLS IN A DATABASE

DGET FUNCTION EXTRACTS FROM A DATABASE A SINGLE RECORD THAT MATCHES THE SPECIFIED CRITERIA

DMAX FUNCTION RETURNS THE MAXIMUM VALUE FROM SELECTED DATABASE ENTRIES

DMIN FUNCTION RETURNS THE MINIMUM VALUE FROM SELECTED DATABASE ENTRIES

DPRODUCT

FUNCTION

MULTIPLIES THE VALUES IN A PARTICULAR FIELD OF RECORDS THAT MATCH THE CRITERIA IN A

DATABASE

DSTDEV FUNCTION ESTIMATES THE STANDARD DEVIATION BASED ON A SAMPLE OF SELECTED DATABASE ENTRIES

DSTDEVP FUNCTION CALCULATES THE STANDARD DEVIATION BASED ON THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF SELECTED

DATABASE ENTRIES

DSUM FUNCTION ADDS THE NUMBERS IN THE FIELD COLUMN OF RECORDS IN THE DATABASE THAT MATCH THE

CRITERIA

DVAR FUNCTION ESTIMATES VARIANCE BASED ON A SAMPLE FROM SELECTED DATABASE ENTRIES

DVARP FUNCTION CALCULATES VARIANCE BASED ON THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF SELECTED DATABASE ENTRIES

DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

DATE FUNCTION RETURNS THE SERIAL NUMBER OF A PARTICULAR DATE

DAY FUNCTION CONVERTS A SERIAL NUMBER TO A DAY OF THE MONTH

DAYS FUNCTION RETURNS THE NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN TWO DATES

DAYS360 FUNCTION CALCULATES THE NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN TWO DATES BASED ON A 360-DAY YEAR

NETWORKDAYS

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE NUMBER OF WHOLE WORKDAYS BETWEEN TWO DATES

NETWORKDAYS.INTL

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE NUMBER OF WHOLE WORKDAYS BETWEEN TWO DATES USING PARAMETERS

TO INDICATE WHICH AND HOW MANY DAYS ARE WEEKEND DAYS

TIMEVALUE FUNCTION CONVERTS A TIME IN THE FORM OF TEXT TO A SERIAL NUMBER

TODAY FUNCTION RETURNS THE SERIAL NUMBER OF TODAY'S DATE

WEEKDAY FUNCTION CONVERTS A SERIAL NUMBER TO A DAY OF THE WEEK

WEEKNUM FUNCTION CONVERTS A SERIAL NUMBER TO A NUMBER REPRESENTING WHERE THE WEEK FALLS

NUMERICALLY WITH A YEAR

WORKDAY FUNCTION RETURNS THE SERIAL NUMBER OF THE DATE BEFORE OR AFTER A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF

WORKDAYS

WORKDAY.INTL

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE SERIAL NUMBER OF THE DATE BEFORE OR AFTER A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF

WORKDAYS USING PARAMETERS TO INDICATE WHICH AND HOW MANY DAYS ARE

WEEKEND DAYS

YEAR FUNCTION CONVERTS A SERIAL NUMBER TO A YEAR

YEARFRAC FUNCTION RETURNS THE YEAR FRACTION REPRESENTING THE NUMBER OF WHOLE DAYS BETWEEN

START_DATE AND END_DATE

LOGICAL FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

AND FUNCTION RETURNS TRUE IF ALL OF ITS ARGUMENTS ARE TRUE

FALSE FUNCTION RETURNS THE LOGICAL VALUE FALSE

IF FUNCTION SPECIFIES A LOGICAL TEST TO PERFORM

IFERROR

FUNCTION

RETURNS A VALUE YOU SPECIFY IF A FORMULA EVALUATES TO AN ERROR; OTHERWISE, RETURNS

THE RESULT OF THE FORMULA

IFNA FUNCTION RETURNS THE VALUE YOU SPECIFY IF THE EXPRESSION RESOLVES TO #N/A, OTHERWISE RETURNS

THE RESULT OF THE EXPRESSION

NOT FUNCTION REVERSES THE LOGIC OF ITS ARGUMENT

OR FUNCTION RETURNS TRUE IF ANY ARGUMENT IS TRUE

TRUE FUNCTION RETURNS THE LOGICAL VALUE TRUE

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XOR FUNCTION RETURNS A LOGICAL EXCLUSIVE OR OF ALL ARGUMENTS

LOOKUP AND REFERENCE FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

ADDRESS

FUNCTION

RETURNS A REFERENCE AS TEXT TO A SINGLE CELL IN A WORKSHEET

AREAS FUNCTION RETURNS THE NUMBER OF AREAS IN A REFERENCE

CHOOSE

FUNCTION

CHOOSES A VALUE FROM A LIST OF VALUES

COLUMN

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE COLUMN NUMBER OF A REFERENCE

COLUMNS

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE NUMBER OF COLUMNS IN A REFERENCE

FORMULATEXT

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE FORMULA AT THE GIVEN REFERENCE AS TEXT

GETPIVOTDATA

FUNCTION

RETURNS DATA STORED IN A PIVOTTABLE REPORT

HLOOKUP

FUNCTION

LOOKS IN THE TOP ROW OF AN ARRAY AND RETURNS THE VALUE OF THE INDICATED CELL

HYPERLINK

FUNCTION

CREATES A SHORTCUT OR JUMP THAT OPENS A DOCUMENT STORED ON A NETWORK SERVER, AN

INTRANET, OR THE INTERNET

INDEX FUNCTION USES AN INDEX TO CHOOSE A VALUE FROM A REFERENCE OR ARRAY

INDIRECT

FUNCTION

RETURNS A REFERENCE INDICATED BY A TEXT VALUE

LOOKUP

FUNCTION

LOOKS UP VALUES IN A VECTOR OR ARRAY

MATCH

FUNCTION

LOOKS UP VALUES IN A REFERENCE OR ARRAY

OFFSET

FUNCTION

RETURNS A REFERENCE OFFSET FROM A GIVEN REFERENCE

ROW FUNCTION RETURNS THE ROW NUMBER OF A REFERENCE

ROWS FUNCTION RETURNS THE NUMBER OF ROWS IN A REFERENCE

RTD FUNCTION RETRIEVES REAL-TIME DATA FROM A PROGRAM THAT SUPPORTS COM AUTOMATION

(AUTOMATION: A WAY TO WORK WITH AN APPLICATION'S OBJECTS FROM ANOTHER

APPLICATION OR DEVELOPMENT TOOL. FORMERLY CALLED OLE AUTOMATION, AUTOMATION IS

AN INDUSTRY STANDARD AND A FEATURE OF THE COMPONENT OBJECT MODEL (COM).)

TRANSPOSE

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE TRANSPOSE OF AN ARRAY

VLOOKUP

FUNCTION

LOOKS IN THE FIRST COLUMN OF AN ARRAY AND MOVES ACROSS THE ROW TO RETURN THE

VALUE OF A CELL

MATH AND TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

ABS FUNCTION RETURNS THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF A NUMBER

ACOS FUNCTION RETURNS THE ARCCOSINE OF A NUMBER

ACOSH FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC COSINE OF A NUMBER

ACOT FUNCTION RETURNS THE ARCCOTANGENT OF A NUMBER

ACOTH FUNCTION RETURNS THE HYPERBOLIC ARCCOTANGENT OF A NUMBER

AGGREGATE

FUNCTION

RETURNS AN AGGREGATE IN A LIST OR DATABASE

ARABIC FUNCTION CONVERTS A ROMAN NUMBER TO ARABIC, AS A NUMBER

ASIN FUNCTION RETURNS THE ARCSINE OF A NUMBER

ASINH FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC SINE OF A NUMBER

ATAN FUNCTION RETURNS THE ARCTANGENT OF A NUMBER

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ATAN2 FUNCTION RETURNS THE ARCTANGENT FROM X- AND Y-COORDINATES

ATANH FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC TANGENT OF A NUMBER

BASE FUNCTION CONVERTS A NUMBER INTO A TEXT REPRESENTATION WITH THE GIVEN RADIX (BASE)

CEILING FUNCTION ROUNDS A NUMBER TO THE NEAREST INTEGER OR TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF

SIGNIFICANCE

CEILING.MATH

FUNCTION

ROUNDS A NUMBER UP, TO THE NEAREST INTEGER OR TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF

SIGNIFICANCE

CEILING.PRECISE

FUNCTION

ROUNDS A NUMBER THE NEAREST INTEGER OR TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF SIGNIFICANCE.

REGARDLESS OF THE SIGN OF THE NUMBER, THE NUMBER IS ROUNDED UP.

COMBIN FUNCTION RETURNS THE NUMBER OF COMBINATIONS FOR A GIVEN NUMBER OF OBJECTS

COMBINA FUNCTION RETURNS THE NUMBER OF COMBINATIONS WITH REPETITIONS FOR A GIVEN NUMBER OF

ITEMS

COS FUNCTION RETURNS THE COSINE OF A NUMBER

COSH FUNCTION RETURNS THE HYPERBOLIC COSINE OF A NUMBER

COT FUNCTION RETURNS THE COTANGENT OF AN ANGLE

COTH FUNCTION RETURNS THE HYPERBOLIC COTANGENT OF A NUMBER

CSC FUNCTION RETURNS THE COSECANT OF AN ANGLE

CSCH FUNCTION RETURNS THE HYPERBOLIC COSECANT OF AN ANGLE

DECIMAL FUNCTION CONVERTS A TEXT REPRESENTATION OF A NUMBER IN A GIVEN BASE INTO A DECIMAL

NUMBER

DEGREES FUNCTION CONVERTS RADIANS TO DEGREES

EVEN FUNCTION ROUNDS A NUMBER UP TO THE NEAREST EVEN INTEGER

EXP FUNCTION RETURNS E RAISED TO THE POWER OF A GIVEN NUMBER

FACT FUNCTION RETURNS THE FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER

FACTDOUBLE

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE DOUBLE FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER

FLOOR FUNCTION ROUNDS A NUMBER DOWN, TOWARD ZERO

FLOOR.MATH

FUNCTION

ROUNDS A NUMBER DOWN, TO THE NEAREST INTEGER OR TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF

SIGNIFICANCE

FLOOR.PRECISE

FUNCTION

ROUNDS A NUMBER DOWN TO THE NEAREST INTEGER OR TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF

SIGNIFICANCE. REGARDLESS OF THE SIGN OF THE NUMBER, THE NUMBER IS ROUNDED DOWN.

GCD FUNCTION RETURNS THE GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR

INT FUNCTION ROUNDS A NUMBER DOWN TO THE NEAREST INTEGER

ISO.CEILING

FUNCTION

RETURNS A NUMBER THAT IS ROUNDED UP TO THE NEAREST INTEGER OR TO THE NEAREST

MULTIPLE OF SIGNIFICANCE

LCM FUNCTION RETURNS THE LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE

LN FUNCTION RETURNS THE NATURAL LOGARITHM OF A NUMBER

LOG FUNCTION RETURNS THE LOGARITHM OF A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED BASE

LOG10 FUNCTION RETURNS THE BASE-10 LOGARITHM OF A NUMBER

MDETERM FUNCTION RETURNS THE MATRIX DETERMINANT OF AN ARRAY

MINVERSE FUNCTION RETURNS THE MATRIX INVERSE OF AN ARRAY

MMULT FUNCTION RETURNS THE MATRIX PRODUCT OF TWO ARRAYS

MOD FUNCTION RETURNS THE REMAINDER FROM DIVISION

MROUND FUNCTION RETURNS A NUMBER ROUNDED TO THE DESIRED MULTIPLE

MULTINOMIAL

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE MULTINOMIAL OF A SET OF NUMBERS

MUNIT FUNCTION RETURNS THE UNIT MATRIX OR THE SPECIFIED DIMENSION

ODD FUNCTION ROUNDS A NUMBER UP TO THE NEAREST ODD INTEGER

PI FUNCTION RETURNS THE VALUE OF PI

POWER FUNCTION RETURNS THE RESULT OF A NUMBER RAISED TO A POWER

PRODUCT FUNCTION MULTIPLIES ITS ARGUMENTS

QUOTIENT

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE INTEGER PORTION OF A DIVISION

RADIANS FUNCTION CONVERTS DEGREES TO RADIANS

RAND FUNCTION RETURNS A RANDOM NUMBER BETWEEN 0 AND 1

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RANDBETWEEN

FUNCTION

RETURNS A RANDOM NUMBER BETWEEN THE NUMBERS YOU SPECIFY

ROMAN FUNCTION CONVERTS AN ARABIC NUMERAL TO ROMAN, AS TEXT

ROUND FUNCTION ROUNDS A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DIGITS

ROUNDDOWN

FUNCTION

ROUNDS A NUMBER DOWN, TOWARD ZERO

ROUNDUP FUNCTION ROUNDS A NUMBER UP, AWAY FROM ZERO

SEC FUNCTION RETURNS THE SECANT OF AN ANGLE

SECH FUNCTION RETURNS THE HYPERBOLIC SECANT OF AN ANGLE

SERIESSUM

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE SUM OF A POWER SERIES BASED ON THE FORMULA

SIGN FUNCTION RETURNS THE SIGN OF A NUMBER

SIN FUNCTION RETURNS THE SINE OF THE GIVEN ANGLE

SINH FUNCTION RETURNS THE HYPERBOLIC SINE OF A NUMBER

SQRT FUNCTION RETURNS A POSITIVE SQUARE ROOT

SQRTPI FUNCTION RETURNS THE SQUARE ROOT OF (NUMBER * PI)

SUBTOTAL

FUNCTION

RETURNS A SUBTOTAL IN A LIST OR DATABASE

SUM FUNCTION ADDS ITS ARGUMENTS

SUMIF FUNCTION ADDS THE CELLS SPECIFIED BY A GIVEN CRITERIA

SUMIFS FUNCTION ADDS THE CELLS IN A RANGE THAT MEET MULTIPLE CRITERIA

SUMPRODUCT

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS OF CORRESPONDING ARRAY COMPONENTS

SUMSQ FUNCTION RETURNS THE SUM OF THE SQUARES OF THE ARGUMENTS

SUMX2MY2

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE SUM OF THE DIFFERENCE OF SQUARES OF CORRESPONDING VALUES IN TWO

ARRAYS

SUMX2PY2

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE SUM OF THE SUM OF SQUARES OF CORRESPONDING VALUES IN TWO ARRAYS

SUMXMY2 FUNCTION RETURNS THE SUM OF SQUARES OF DIFFERENCES OF CORRESPONDING VALUES IN TWO

ARRAYS

TAN FUNCTION RETURNS THE TANGENT OF A NUMBER

TANH FUNCTION RETURNS THE HYPERBOLIC TANGENT OF A NUMBER

TRUNC FUNCTION TRUNCATES A NUMBER TO AN INTEGER

STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

AVEDEV FUNCTION RETURNS THE AVERAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE DEVIATIONS OF DATA POINTS FROM THEIR

MEAN

AVERAGE FUNCTION RETURNS THE AVERAGE OF ITS ARGUMENTS

AVERAGEA FUNCTION RETURNS THE AVERAGE OF ITS ARGUMENTS, INCLUDING NUMBERS, TEXT, AND LOGICAL

VALUES

AVERAGEIF FUNCTION RETURNS THE AVERAGE (ARITHMETIC MEAN) OF ALL THE CELLS IN A RANGE THAT MEET A

GIVEN CRITERIA

AVERAGEIFS FUNCTION RETURNS THE AVERAGE (ARITHMETIC MEAN) OF ALL CELLS THAT MEET MULTIPLE CRITERIA

BETA.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE BETA CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

BETA.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION FOR A SPECIFIED

BETA DISTRIBUTION

BINOM.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE INDIVIDUAL TERM BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY

BINOM.DIST.RANGE

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE PROBABILITY OF A TRIAL RESULT USING A BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

BINOM.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE SMALLEST VALUE FOR WHICH THE CUMULATIVE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION IS

LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO A CRITERION VALUE

CHISQ.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE CUMULATIVE BETA PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION

CHISQ.DIST.RT RETURNS THE ONE-TAILED PROBABILITY OF THE CHI-SQUARED DISTRIBUTION

47 | P a g e

FUNCTION

CHISQ.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE CUMULATIVE BETA PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION

CHISQ.INV.RT FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE ONE-TAILED PROBABILITY OF THE CHI-SQUARED

DISTRIBUTION

CHISQ.TEST FUNCTION RETURNS THE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE

CONFIDENCE.NORM

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A POPULATION MEAN

CONFIDENCE.T

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A POPULATION MEAN, USING A STUDENT'S T

DISTRIBUTION

CORREL FUNCTION RETURNS THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN TWO DATA SETS

COUNT FUNCTION COUNTS HOW MANY NUMBERS ARE IN THE LIST OF ARGUMENTS

COUNTA FUNCTION COUNTS HOW MANY VALUES ARE IN THE LIST OF ARGUMENTS

COUNTBLANK FUNCTION COUNTS THE NUMBER OF BLANK CELLS WITHIN A RANGE

COUNTIF FUNCTION COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS WITHIN A RANGE THAT MEET THE GIVEN CRITERIA

COUNTIFS FUNCTION COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS WITHIN A RANGE THAT MEET MULTIPLE CRITERIA

COVARIANCE.P

FUNCTION

RETURNS COVARIANCE, THE AVERAGE OF THE PRODUCTS OF PAIRED DEVIATIONS

COVARIANCE.S

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE SAMPLE COVARIANCE, THE AVERAGE OF THE PRODUCTS DEVIATIONS FOR

EACH DATA POINT PAIR IN TWO DATA SETS

DEVSQ FUNCTION RETURNS THE SUM OF SQUARES OF DEVIATIONS

EXPON.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION

F.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE F PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

F.DIST.RT FUNCTION RETURNS THE F PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

F.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE F PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

F.INV.RT FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE F PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

F.TEST FUNCTION RETURNS THE RESULT OF AN F-TEST

FISHER FUNCTION RETURNS THE FISHER TRANSFORMATION

FISHERINV FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE FISHER TRANSFORMATION

FORECAST FUNCTION RETURNS A VALUE ALONG A LINEAR TREND

FREQUENCY FUNCTION RETURNS A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AS A VERTICAL ARRAY

GAMMA FUNCTION RETURNS THE GAMMA FUNCTION VALUE

GAMMA.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE GAMMA DISTRIBUTION

GAMMA.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE GAMMA CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

GAMMALN FUNCTION RETURNS THE NATURAL LOGARITHM OF THE GAMMA FUNCTION, Γ(X)

GAMMALN.PRECISE

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE NATURAL LOGARITHM OF THE GAMMA FUNCTION, Γ(X)

GAUSS FUNCTION RETURNS 0.5 LESS THAN THE STANDARD NORMAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

GEOMEAN FUNCTION RETURNS THE GEOMETRIC MEAN

GROWTH FUNCTION RETURNS VALUES ALONG AN EXPONENTIAL TREND

HARMEAN FUNCTION RETURNS THE HARMONIC MEAN

HYPGEOM.DIST

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

INTERCEPT FUNCTION RETURNS THE INTERCEPT OF THE LINEAR REGRESSION LINE

KURT FUNCTION RETURNS THE KURTOSIS OF A DATA SET

LARGE FUNCTION RETURNS THE K-TH LARGEST VALUE IN A DATA SET

LINEST FUNCTION RETURNS THE PARAMETERS OF A LINEAR TREND

LOGEST FUNCTION RETURNS THE PARAMETERS OF AN EXPONENTIAL TREND

LOGNORM.DIST

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE CUMULATIVE LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION

LOGNORM.INV

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE LOGNORMAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

MAX FUNCTION RETURNS THE MAXIMUM VALUE IN A LIST OF ARGUMENTS

MAXA FUNCTION RETURNS THE MAXIMUM VALUE IN A LIST OF ARGUMENTS, INCLUDING NUMBERS, TEXT,

AND LOGICAL VALUES

MEDIAN FUNCTION RETURNS THE MEDIAN OF THE GIVEN NUMBERS

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MIN FUNCTION RETURNS THE MINIMUM VALUE IN A LIST OF ARGUMENTS

MINA FUNCTION RETURNS THE SMALLEST VALUE IN A LIST OF ARGUMENTS, INCLUDING NUMBERS, TEXT,

AND LOGICAL VALUES

MODE.MULT FUNCTION RETURNS A VERTICAL ARRAY OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING, OR REPETITIVE

VALUES IN AN ARRAY OR RANGE OF DATA

MODE.SNGL FUNCTION RETURNS THE MOST COMMON VALUE IN A DATA SET

NEGBINOM.DIST

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE NEGATIVE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

NORM.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE NORMAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

NORM.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE NORMAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

NORM.S.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE STANDARD NORMAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

NORM.S.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE STANDARD NORMAL CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION

PEARSON FUNCTION RETURNS THE PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

PERCENTILE.EXC

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE K-TH PERCENTILE OF VALUES IN A RANGE, WHERE K IS IN THE RANGE 0..1,

EXCLUSIVE

PERCENTILE.INC

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE K-TH PERCENTILE OF VALUES IN A RANGE

PERCENTRANK.EXC

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE RANK OF A VALUE IN A DATA SET AS A PERCENTAGE (0..1, EXCLUSIVE) OF

THE DATA SET

PERCENTRANK.INC

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE PERCENTAGE RANK OF A VALUE IN A DATA SET

PERMUT FUNCTION RETURNS THE NUMBER OF PERMUTATIONS FOR A GIVEN NUMBER OF OBJECTS

PERMUTATIONA

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE NUMBER OF PERMUTATIONS FOR A GIVEN NUMBER OF OBJECTS (WITH

REPETITIONS) THAT CAN BE SELECTED FROM THE TOTAL OBJECTS

PHI FUNCTION RETURNS THE VALUE OF THE DENSITY FUNCTION FOR A STANDARD NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION

POISSON.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION

PROB FUNCTION RETURNS THE PROBABILITY THAT VALUES IN A RANGE ARE BETWEEN TWO LIMITS

QUARTILE.EXC

FUNCTION

RETURNS THE QUARTILE OF THE DATA SET, BASED ON PERCENTILE VALUES FROM 0..1,

EXCLUSIVE

QUARTILE.INC FUNCTION RETURNS THE QUARTILE OF A DATA SET

RANK.AVG FUNCTION RETURNS THE RANK OF A NUMBER IN A LIST OF NUMBERS

RANK.EQ FUNCTION RETURNS THE RANK OF A NUMBER IN A LIST OF NUMBERS

RSQ FUNCTION RETURNS THE SQUARE OF THE PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

SKEW FUNCTION RETURNS THE SKEWNESS OF A DISTRIBUTION

SKEW.P FUNCTION RETURNS THE SKEWNESS OF A DISTRIBUTION BASED ON A POPULATION: A

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEGREE OF ASYMMETRY OF A DISTRIBUTION AROUND ITS

MEAN

SLOPE FUNCTION RETURNS THE SLOPE OF THE LINEAR REGRESSION LINE

SMALL FUNCTION RETURNS THE K-TH SMALLEST VALUE IN A DATA SET

STANDARDIZE

FUNCTION

RETURNS A NORMALIZED VALUE

STDEV.P FUNCTION CALCULATES STANDARD DEVIATION BASED ON THE ENTIRE POPULATION

STDEV.S FUNCTION ESTIMATES STANDARD DEVIATION BASED ON A SAMPLE

STDEVA FUNCTION ESTIMATES STANDARD DEVIATION BASED ON A SAMPLE, INCLUDING NUMBERS, TEXT, AND

LOGICAL VALUES

STDEVPA FUNCTION CALCULATES STANDARD DEVIATION BASED ON THE ENTIRE POPULATION, INCLUDING

NUMBERS, TEXT, AND LOGICAL VALUES

STEYX FUNCTION RETURNS THE STANDARD ERROR OF THE PREDICTED Y-VALUE FOR EACH X IN THE

REGRESSION

T.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE PERCENTAGE POINTS (PROBABILITY) FOR THE STUDENT T-DISTRIBUTION

T.DIST.2T FUNCTION RETURNS THE PERCENTAGE POINTS (PROBABILITY) FOR THE STUDENT T-DISTRIBUTION

T.DIST.RT FUNCTION RETURNS THE STUDENT'S T-DISTRIBUTION

T.INV FUNCTION RETURNS THE T-VALUE OF THE STUDENT'S T-DISTRIBUTION AS A FUNCTION OF THE

PROBABILITY AND THE DEGREES OF FREEDOM

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T.INV.2T FUNCTION RETURNS THE INVERSE OF THE STUDENT'S T-DISTRIBUTION

T.TEST FUNCTION RETURNS THE PROBABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH A STUDENT'S T-TEST

TREND FUNCTION RETURNS VALUES ALONG A LINEAR TREND

TRIMMEAN FUNCTION RETURNS THE MEAN OF THE INTERIOR OF A DATA SET

VAR.P FUNCTION CALCULATES VARIANCE BASED ON THE ENTIRE POPULATION

VAR.S FUNCTION ESTIMATES VARIANCE BASED ON A SAMPLE

VARA FUNCTION ESTIMATES VARIANCE BASED ON A SAMPLE, INCLUDING NUMBERS, TEXT, AND LOGICAL

VALUES

VARPA FUNCTION CALCULATES VARIANCE BASED ON THE ENTIRE POPULATION, INCLUDING NUMBERS, TEXT,

AND LOGICAL VALUES

WEIBULL.DIST FUNCTION RETURNS THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION

Z.TEST FUNCTION RETURNS THE ONE-TAILED PROBABILITY-VALUE OF A Z-TEST

TEXT FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

ASC FUNCTION CHANGES FULL-WIDTH (DOUBLE-BYTE) ENGLISH LETTERS OR KATAKANA WITHIN A

CHARACTER STRING TO HALF-WIDTH (SINGLE-BYTE) CHARACTERS

BAHTTEXT FUNCTION CONVERTS A NUMBER TO TEXT, USING THE ß (BAHT) CURRENCY FORMAT

CHAR FUNCTION RETURNS THE CHARACTER SPECIFIED BY THE CODE NUMBER

CLEAN FUNCTION REMOVES ALL NONPRINTABLE CHARACTERS FROM TEXT

CODE FUNCTION RETURNS A NUMERIC CODE FOR THE FIRST CHARACTER IN A TEXT STRING

CONCATENATE

FUNCTION

JOINS SEVERAL TEXT ITEMS INTO ONE TEXT ITEM

DBCS FUNCTION CHANGES HALF-WIDTH (SINGLE-BYTE) ENGLISH LETTERS OR KATAKANA WITHIN A

CHARACTER STRING TO FULL-WIDTH (DOUBLE-BYTE) CHARACTERS

DOLLAR FUNCTION CONVERTS A NUMBER TO TEXT, USING THE $ (DOLLAR) CURRENCY FORMAT

EXACT FUNCTION CHECKS TO SEE IF TWO TEXT VALUES ARE IDENTICAL

FIND, FINDB FUNCTIONS FINDS ONE TEXT VALUE WITHIN ANOTHER (CASE-SENSITIVE)

FIXED FUNCTION FORMATS A NUMBER AS TEXT WITH A FIXED NUMBER OF DECIMALS

LEFT, LEFTB FUNCTIONS RETURNS THE LEFTMOST CHARACTERS FROM A TEXT VALUE

LEN, LENB FUNCTIONS RETURNS THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN A TEXT STRING

LOWER FUNCTION CONVERTS TEXT TO LOWERCASE

MID, MIDB FUNCTIONS RETURNS A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF CHARACTERS FROM A TEXT STRING STARTING AT THE

POSITION YOU SPECIFY

NUMBERVALUE

FUNCTION

CONVERTS TEXT TO NUMBER IN A LOCALE-INDEPENDENT MANNER

PHONETIC FUNCTION EXTRACTS THE PHONETIC (FURIGANA) CHARACTERS FROM A TEXT STRING

PROPER FUNCTION CAPITALIZES THE FIRST LETTER IN EACH WORD OF A TEXT VALUE

REPLACE, REPLACEB

FUNCTIONS

REPLACES CHARACTERS WITHIN TEXT

REPT FUNCTION REPEATS TEXT A GIVEN NUMBER OF TIMES

SUBSTITUTE FUNCTION SUBSTITUTES NEW TEXT FOR OLD TEXT IN A TEXT STRING

T FUNCTION CONVERTS ITS ARGUMENTS TO TEXT

TEXT FUNCTION FORMATS A NUMBER AND CONVERTS IT TO TEXT

TRIM FUNCTION REMOVES SPACES FROM TEXT

UNICHAR FUNCTION RETURNS THE UNICODE CHARACTER THAT IS REFERENCES BY THE GIVEN NUMERIC VALUE

UPPER FUNCTION CONVERTS TEXT TO UPPERCASE

VALUE FUNCTION CONVERTS A TEXT ARGUMENT TO A NUMBER

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Dialogue Boxes

Many of the groups have a dialogue box launcher.

If you look carefully at the bottom right of many groups, there is a small control called the dialog box launcher. Clicking on this will display a dialog box containing even more options. Display the Home tab, and click in the Font dialog box launcher from PP 2010.

Some have multiple levels

Here is an example from MS Word the Styles Group

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Expands to a larger styles group that shows all styles and enables the user to change specific styles for individual components such as heading 4.

Notice the three buttons at the bottom. They launch the style inspector, allow a user to create a new style, and/or launch the style manager.

Further, a user can also click on options on the bottom left to launch yet another dialogue box.

Dialog boxes contain a range of additional commands and options

Click on the Cancel button to close the dialog box or click the x.

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RESOURCES

Microsoft makes available a number of free resources via the Microsoft Virtual Academy

Available at http://www.microsoftvirtualacademy.com/